解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Copper is an essential nutrient that plays a fundamental role in the biochemistry of the central nervous system, as evidenced by patients with Menkes disease, a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of childhood resulting from the loss-of-function of a copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Despite c...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:33:2:81
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent progress in molecular biology has markedly expanded our knowledge of the molecular mechanism behind the proliferation and differentiation processes of Schwann cells, the myelin-forming cells in peripheral nervous systems. Intracellular signaling molecules participate in integrating various stimuli from cytokine...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/mn:33:1:051
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ionotropic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor is densely distributed in the mammalian brain and is primarily involved in mediating fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Recent studies in both heterologous expression systems and cultured neurons have shown that the AMPA recept...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:32:3:237
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The various cell types in the vertebrate retina arise from a pool of common progenitors. The way that the cell types are specified has been a long-standing issue. Decades of research have yielded a large body of information regarding the involvement of extrinsic factors, and only recently has the function of intrinsic...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:32:2:157
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews a lecture I was honored to present at the Leon Wolfe Symposium in Montreal on March 25, 2004. The lecture described my research career, which started with my interaction with Wolfe at the Montreal Neurological Institute as a postdoctoral fellow and research associate and was followed by additional...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/mn:32:1:019
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes comprise the major cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) and they are essential for support of neuronal functions by providing nutrients and regulating cell-to-cell communication. Astrocytes also are immune-like cells that become reactive in response to neuronal injury. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are ...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:31:1-3:027
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is considerable attention being given to the association of Alzheimer's disease and cholesterol homeostasis. To that end, some have suggested that elevated cholesterol levels are a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. If elevated cholesterol is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, then it would be expected tha...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:31:1-3:185
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During development, neurons migrate to the cortex radially from periventricular germinative zones as well as tangentially from ganglionic eminences. The vast majority of cortical neurons settle radially in the cortical plate. Neuronal migration requires an exquisite regulation of leading edge extension, nuclear transl...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:30:3:225
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The signaling cascades triggered by neurotrophins such as BDNF and by several neurotransmitters and hormones lead to the rapid induction of gene transcription by increasing the intracellular concentration of cAMP and Ca2+. This review examines the mechanisms by which these second messengers control transcriptional ini...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:30:1:091
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of synthesis or release of endogenous neurotrophic factors in the brain by low-molecular-weight drugs could be a feasible alternative for the direct administration of neurotrophic factors for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Recent data suggest that several drugs already in clinical use...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:29:3:289
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::For more than a century dendritic spines have been a source of fascination and speculation. The long-held belief that these anatomical structures are involved in learning and memory are addressed. Specifically, two lines of evidence that support this claim are reviewed. In the first, we review evidence that experiment...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:29:2:117
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra projecting to striatum. The cause of idiopathic PD is obscure, and most cases are sporadic. It is widely accepted that there is a genetic component of the disease, and the earlier the age of onset, the greater the likeli...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:29:1:15
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiration is a rhythmic motor behavior that appears in the fetus and acquires a vital importance at birth. It is generated within central pattern-generating neuronal networks of the hindbrain. This region of the brain is of particular interest since it is the most understood part with respect to the cellular and mol...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/mn:28:3:277
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Light triggers a sequence of events that damage photoreceptor cells within the superior central portion of the retina, resulting in apoptotic cell death. This damage is mediated by energy absorbed by rhodopsin and the intermediates of the rhodopsin-bleaching process. Furthermore, inhibition of the visual cycle and the...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:28:2:111
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been implicated in neuroimmune responses and has pleiotropic actions in the brain. Compelling evidence has shown that IL-1 is a major mediator of inflammation and the progression of cell death in response to brain injury and cerebral ischemia. Its expression is strongly increased in these path...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:27:3:239
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physiological mechanisms of neuronal information processing have been shaped during evolution by a continual interplay between organisms and their sensory surroundings. Thus, when asking for the functional significance of such mechanisms, the natural conditions under which they operate must be considered. This has bee...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:27:1:13
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The LIM domain is a cysteine-rich zinc-finger motif found in a large family of proteins. In LIM-homeodomain (LIM-hd) transcription factors and LIM-only (LMO) factors, the LIM domains are responsible for key interactions with co-activators, co-repressors, competitors, and other transcription factors, and are therefore ...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:26:2-3:269
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major advances in the identification of genes expressed in malformation-associated epileptic disorders have been made. Some of these changes reflect the complex gene interactions necessary for proper neurodevelopment, whereas others suggest specific synaptic aberrations that could result in a hyperexcitable, and ultim...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:26:1:109
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information processing in neurobiological systems is commonly thought to rely on the assessment of a signal-to-noise ratio as the key mechanism of signal detection; it assumes and requires that both signal and noise are concurrently available. An alternative theory holds that detection proceeds by the system appreciat...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:24:1-3:145
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggests that blockade of normal excitation in the immature nervous system may have profound effects on neuronal survival during the period of natural cell death. Cell loss following depression of electrical activity in the central nervous system (CNS) may explain the neuropsychiatric deficits in human...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:22:1-3:041
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the field of the neurobiology of learning, significant emphasis has been placed on understanding neural plasticity within a single structure (or synapse type) as it relates to a particular type of learning mediated by a particular brain area. To appreciate fully the breadth of the plasticity responsible for complex...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/MN:21:1-2:057
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of polypeptides is regulators for tissue development and repair, and is characterized by the fact that their mature forms are proteolytically derived from their integral membrane precursors. This article reviews roles of the prominent members of the EGF family (EGF, transformin...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02742440
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::B-50 (GAP-43) is an axonal, plasma membrane-associated protein involved in growth cone morphology and function. We have conducted immunocytochemical, electron microscopic, and time-lapse experiments to visualize morphological consequences of local accumulations of B-50 at the plasma membrane of B-50-transfected PC-B2 ...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02741362
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian brain contains high densities of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptors, localized mainly to specific nuclei within the hypothalamus and brainstem regions. Neuronal AT1 receptors within these areas mediate the stimulatory actions of central Ang II on blood pressure, water and sodium intake, and vasop...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02741376
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of technologies for high-resolution nucleic acid localization in cells and tissues has contributed significantly to our understanding of transcriptional and translational regulation in eukaryotic cells. These methods include nonisotopic in situ hybridization methods for light and electron microscopy, a...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02741301
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular nucleotides, particularly adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), act as signaling molecules in the inner ear. Roles as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and as autocrine or paracrine humoral factors are evident. The diversity of the signaling pathways for nucleotides, which include a variety of ATP-gated ion...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02740601
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal plasticity can be defined as adaptive changes in structure and function of the nervous system, an obvious example of which is the capacity to remember and learn. Long-term potentiation and long-term depression are the experimental models of memory in the central nervous system (CNS), and have been frequently ...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02802028
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are a family of acetylcholine-gated cation channels that form the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors on muscles and nerves in the peripheral nervous system. AChRs are also expressed on neurons in lower amounts throughout the central nervous system. AChRs are eve...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02740634
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycine is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and brainstem of vertebrates. Glycine is accumulated into synaptic vesicles by a proton-coupled transport system and released to the synaptic cleft after depolarization of the presynaptic terminal. The inhibitory action of glycine is mediated by pentame...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02740653
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels are important in the regulation of neuronal structure and function, and as a result, they have received considerable attention. Recent studies have begun to characterize the diversity of their properties and the relationship of this diversity to their various cellular functions. In part...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02740620
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The characteristic functions of tissues and organs result from the integrated activity of individual cells. Nowhere is this more evident than in the nervous system, where the activities of single neurons communicating via electrical and chemical signals mediate complex functions, such as learning and memory. The past ...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02740623
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the developing mammalian, neocortex gap junctions represent a transient, metabolic, and electrical communication system. These gap junctions may play a crucial role during the formation and refinement of neocortical synaptic circuitries. This article focuses on two major points. First, the influence of gap junction...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02755590
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors are highly heterogeneous. This heterogeneity is largely derived from the existence of many pentameric combinations of at least 16 different subunits that are differentially expressed in various brain regions and cell types. This molecular heterogeneity leads to binding differences ...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02740747
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The administration of the anorexigenic drug d,l-fenfluramine (Ponderax) to laboratory animals results in a dose-dependent reduction in presynaptically located serotonergic reuptake transporter protein. This long-term effect may represent an altered mechanism of synthesis of the transporter (downregulation). Alternativ...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02740693
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the increasing evidence of eye abnormalities, the effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine on the visual system are still poorly understood. This study was aimed at analyzing the qualitative and quantitative organization of the retinal photoreceptor cells (PR) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) after prenatal exposu...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02740686
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endozepine has recently been isolated from various steroid-forming organs. The following article explores the role of endozepine in the regulation of steroid synthesis. Steroid hormone synthesis from cholesterol begins in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where cytochrome P450 converts cholesterol to pregnenolone. Sci...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02740835
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present new ideas about motor control in the human central nervous system and about pathophysiological mechanisms of Parkinson's disease, and we describe the Posturo-Locomotion-Manual (PLM) method, which is a new technique utilizing optoelectronic camera recording for objective, fully quantitative, and standardized...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02816114
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Establishment of appropriate neuronal connections during development and regeneration requires the extension of processes that must then grow in the correct direction, find and recognize their targets, and make synapses with them. During development, embryonic neurons gradually establish central and peripheral connect...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02816122
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) is a pathogenic retrovirus associated with a chronic progressive myelopathy, termed HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), as well as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). A chronic inflammatory process has been implicated in HAM/TSP by a pathological s...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02780664
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons are able to adjust the sensitivity of receptor-mediated processes according to the level of receptor activation. Extrapolating from our knowledge of other cellular proteins, regulation of receptor mRNA availability would provide a highly economical means of achieving this objective. Epidermal growth factor is ...
journal_title:Molecular neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02769175
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00