解剖学和形态学
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心理学,临床
abstract::TET proteins are DNA demethylases that can oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to generate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and other oxidized mC bases (oxi-mCs). Importantly, TET proteins govern cell fate decisions during development of various cell types by activating a cell-specific gene expression program. In this review...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12940
更新日期:2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Ikaros zinc finger transcription factors are important regulators of the gene programs underlying the development of hematopoietic cell lineages. The family consists of five members: Ikaros, Helios, Aiolos, Eos, and Pegasus, which engage in both homo- and heterotypic intrafamilial interactions to exert diverse functio...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12936
更新日期:2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Unique Vγ2Vδ2 (Vγ9Vδ2) T cells existing only in human and non-human primates, account for the majority of circulating γδ T cells in human adults. Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are the sole γδ T-cell subpopulation capable of recognizing the microbial (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) produced by selected pathoge...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12927
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The finding that γδ T cells are present among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in humans suggests they participate in tumor immune surveillance, but their relevance is unclear because the relative abundance of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells correlates with positive or negative, or even do not correlate with prognosis. Th...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12904
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amyloid hypothesis has dominated Alzheimer's disease (AD) research for almost 30 years. This hypothesis hinges on the predominant clinical role of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide in propagating neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and eventual cognitive impairment in AD. Recent research in the AD field has identified the ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12896
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last decade, the paradigm of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) as rare recessive familial diseases that lead to broad, severe, and early-onset immunological defects has shifted toward collectively more common, but sporadic autosomal dominantly inherited isolated defects in the immune response. Patients with PID...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12898
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of innate immune sensors (pattern recognition receptors, PRRs) has profoundly transformed the notion of innate immunity, in providing a mechanistic basis for host immune interactions with a wealth of environmental signals, leading to a variety of immune-mediated outcomes including instruction and activat...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12901
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccines need to be rationally designed in order be delivered to the immune system for maximizing induction of dynamic immune responses. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are ideal platforms for such 3D vaccines, as they allow the display of complex and native antigens in a highly repetitive form on their surface and can ea...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12863
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is an established risk factor for many cancers and has recently been found to alter the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies. Currently, however, the effects of obesity on immunometabolism remain unclear. Understanding these associations is critical, given the fact that T cell metabolism is tightly linked ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12849
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations of the genes encoding T-cell receptor (TCR)-proximal signaling molecules, such as ZAP-70, can be causative of immunological diseases ranging from T-cell immunodeficiency to T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. For example, SKG mice, which carry a hypomorphic point mutation of the Zap-70 gene, spontaneously de...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12841
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of polyarthritis and polyarthralgia is a hallmark of arthritogenic alphavirus infections, with an exceptionally higher morbidity observed with chikungunya virus (CHIKV). While the mechanisms underlying these incapacitating acute symptoms remain partially understood, the progression to chronic conditions ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12825
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural killer cells employ a diverse arsenal of effector mechanisms to target intracellular pathogens. Differentiation of natural killer (NK) cell activation pathways occurs along a continuum from reliance on innate pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress-induced host ligands through to interaction with signals derived...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12798
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the biggest barriers to achieving allograft tolerance is the presence of immunological memory within the recipient, which confers a faster, more robust immune response that is in most cases more resistant to pharmacologic immunosuppression. This review will identify the mechanisms by which alloreactive T cells ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12824
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies over the last decade uncovered overlapping niches for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), multipotent progenitor cells, common lymphoid progenitors, and early B cell progenitors. HSC and lymphoid niches are predominantly composed by mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and by a small subset of endothelial cells. N...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12749
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initiation of T lymphocyte responses within secondary lymphoid organs involves interactions with different subsets of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies have revealed the complexity of microanatomical organization within lymphoid organs. Exactly how T cells and DCs locate each other and the type of cellular int...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12753
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a crucial role in orchestrating the humoral arm of adaptive immune responses. Mature Tfh cells localize to follicles in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) where they provide help to B cells in germinal centers (GCs) to facilitate immunoglobulin affinity maturation, class-switch recom...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12740
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein and the delineation of its critical contributions in the establishment of central immune tolerance has significantly expanded our understanding of the immunological mechanisms that protect from the development of autoimmune disease. The parallel identification a...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12714
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DOCK8 immunodeficiency syndrome (DIDS) is a progressive combined immunodeficiency that can be distinguished from other combined immunodeficiencies or hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndromes in featuring (a) profound susceptibility to virus infections of the skin, with associated skin cancers, and (b) severe food allergies...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12723
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activities of the immune system in repairing tissue injury and combating pathogens were long thought to be independent of the nervous system. However, a major regulatory role of immunomodulatory molecules released locally or systemically by the neuroendocrine system has recently emerged. A number of observations a...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12707
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Group 1 innate lymphocytes consist of a phenotypically, spatially, and functionally heterogeneous population of NK cells and ILC1s that are engaged during pathogen invasion. We are only beginning to understand the context-dependent roles that different subsets of group 1 innate lymphocytes play during homeostatic pert...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12710
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus infection is still one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, with a disproportionate human and economic burden especially in poorer countries. Despite many years of intense research, an aspect that still is not well understood is what (immune) mechanisms con...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12691
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Probabilistic modeling is fundamental to the statistical analysis of complex data. In addition to forming a coherent description of the data-generating process, probabilistic models enable parameter inference about given datasets. This procedure is well developed in the Bayesian perspective, in which one infers probab...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12664
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccines or early childhood exposure to infection mediate immunity, that is, improved resistance against disease and death caused by a second infection with the same agent. This has been explained by and equaled to immunological memory, that is, an "altered immune system behavior" that is maintained in a presumably an...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12648
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammasomes are the central signaling hubs of the inflammatory response. They process cytosolic evidence of infection, cell damage, or metabolic disturbances, and elicit a pro-inflammatory response mediated by members of the interleukin-1 family of cytokines and pyroptotoic cell death. On the molecular level, this i...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12611
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that control the maturation and production of interleukin-1 family members and play crucial roles in host defense against pathogens. However, dysregulated activation of inflammasomes is associated with intense inflammation, leading to the development of inflammatory diseases. T...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12613
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies in the last 20 years have given us a remarkable insight into the functional and phenotypic diversity of macrophages which reflects their integral role in host defence, homeostasis and pathogenesis. Mouse genetics, transcriptomic and epigenetic studies have provided an ontogenic and molecular perspective to the...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12603
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer cells are subjected to constant selection by the immune system, meaning that tumors that become clinically manifest have managed to subvert or hide from immunosurveillance. Immune control can be facilitated by induction of autophagy, as well as by polyploidization of cancer cells. While autophagy causes the rel...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12582
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a recently identified group of innate lymphocytes that are preferentially located at barrier surfaces. Barrier surfaces are in direct contact with complex microbial ecosystems, collectively referred to as the microbiota. It is now believed that the interplay of the microbiota with host ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12580
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD69 has been known as an early activation marker of lymphocytes; whereas, recent studies demonstrate that CD69 also has critical functions in immune responses. Early studies using human samples revealed the involvement of CD69 in various inflammatory diseases including asthma. Moreover, murine disease models using Cd...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12559
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin (IL)-33 is a key cytokine involved in type 2 immunity and allergic airway diseases. Abundantly expressed in lung epithelial cells, IL-33 plays critical roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs. In innate immunity, IL-33 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) provide an essent...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12552
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis is an important component of normal tissue physiology, and the prompt removal of apoptotic cells is equally essential to avoid the undesirable consequences of their accumulation and disintegration. Professional phagocytes are highly specialized for engulfing apoptotic cells. The recent ability to track cells...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12537
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer immunotherapy utilizing T-cell checkpoint inhibitors has shown tremendous clinical success. Yet, this mode of treatment is effective in only a subset of patients. Unresponsive patients tend to have non-T-cell-inflamed tumors that lack markers associated with the activation of adaptive anti-tumor immune response...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12522
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the cancer from being eliminated by the immune system and allows disease to progress from a very early stage to a lethal state. Immunotherapies are new...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12528
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A key unresolved challenge for developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine is the discovery of strategies to elicit immune responses that are able to cross-protect against a significant fraction of the diverse viruses that are circulating worldwide. Here, we summarize some of the immunological implications of HIV-1 diversit...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12516
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The scale and scope of the global epidemic, coupled to challenges with traditional vaccine development approaches, point toward a need for novel methodologies for HIV vaccine research. While the development of vaccines able to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies remains the ultimate goal, to date, vaccines continue...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12503
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and evasion of the antitumor effector immune response are two of the emerging hallmarks required for oncogenesis and cancer progression. The innate immune system not only plays a critical role in perpetuating these tumor-promoting hallmarks but also in developing anti...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12464
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activation of the complement system by canonical and non-canonical mechanisms results in the generation of multiple C3 and C5 cleavage fragments including anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a as well as opsonizing C3b/iC3b. It is now well appreciated that anaphylatoxins not only act as pro-inflammatory mediators but as immu...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12473
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are innate immune system cells that play an essential role in eradicating invading pathogens. PMN migration to sites of infection/inflammation requires exiting the microcirculation and subsequent crossing of epithelial barriers in mucosa-lined organs such as the lungs and intestine...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12446
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Francisella tularensis in an intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes a potentially lethal disease called tularemia. Studies performed nearly 100 years ago revealed that neutrophil accumulation in infected tissues correlates directly with the extent of necrotic damage during F. tularensis infection. However, the d...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12445
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antigenic peptides presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules originate from the degradation of both self and non-self proteins. T cells can therefore recognize at the surface of surveyed cells, the self-peptidome produced by the cell itself (mostly inducing tolerance) or immunogenic ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12427
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00