abstract：:Corticosteroids are a nonspecific immune modulator used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Topical and systemic forms of corticosteroids have been shown to be effective in induction of clinical remission and remain first-line therapy for acute severe ulcerative colitis. A large proportion of patients experience a...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： George LA,Cross RK

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cellular and molecular understanding of human gastroparesis has markedly improved due to studies on full-thickness gastric biopsies. A decrease in the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and functional changes in ICC constitutes the hallmark cellular feature of gastroparesis. More recently, in animal model...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Chikkamenahalli LL,Pasricha PJ,Farrugia G,Grover M

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the availability of a protective vaccine for over 3 decades, the number of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains high. These persons are at risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatment is effective at inhibiting viral replication and reducing complications of chro...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Spyrou E,Smith CI,Ghany MG

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global public health burden. NAFLD, while strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome, can occur independently from existing metabolic diseases. In addition to liver-related disease burden and mortality, significant extrahepatic disease outcomes coexist with NA...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Wattacheril J

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a severe form of intestinal dysmotility disorder, characterized by the impairment of gastrointestinal propulsion of the gut content in the absence of fixed occluding lesions. CIPO is a rare disease that can develop in both children and adults. CIPO is classified as prima...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Pironi L,Sasdelli AS

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD) have significant negative impacts on mother and child, yet treatments are limited. Adequate nutrition during the perinatal period is essential to maternal and infant health, including maternal mental health and the child's neurologic and neuropsychiatric development. Nutriti...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Bernabé BP,Tussing-Humphreys L,Rackers HS,Welke L,Mantha A,Kimmel MC

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are usually recognized by characteristic neurologic and metabolic manifestations and sometimes by dysmorphism. However, IEMs can present with a wide variety of gastrointestinal manifestations, whether as the primary or a minor clinical symptom. Regardless, gastrointestinal and hepati...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Guerrero RB,Kloke KM,Salazar D

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Celiac disease is a common immune-mediated disorder that occurs in individuals with permissive genetics (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 genotype) following exposure to certain wheat proteins. The histopathologic manifestations of small intestinal mucosal injury (villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and intraepithelial lymphocytosis) are w...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Lagana SM,Bhagat G

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pediatric pancreatitis is an emerging field with an increasing incidence of disease. Management of pediatric pancreatitis is understudied and, therefore, extrapolated from adult studies (although the etiologies are different). There is evidence that feeding is safe in mild acute pancreatitis in children without increa...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Abu-El-Haija M,Lowe ME

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) stand to benefit from quality improvement (QI) due to the chronic nature of the disease, frequent interaction with the health care system, and exposure to high-risk treatments. The use of QI in health care has led to significant improvements in quality and relia...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Egberg MD,Kappelman MD,Gulati AS

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is steroid-responsive fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas. There are 2 distinct subtypes of AIP, types 1 and 2. Type 1 is associated with systemic immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 disease and may affect multiple organs in the body. Type 2 is confined to the pancreas and shows an association w...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Sandrasegaran K,Menias CO

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Living donor intestinal transplantation (LDIT) has been improved leading to results comparable to those obtained with deceased donors. LDIT should be limited to specific indications and patient selection. The best indication is combined living donor intestinal/liver transplantation in pediatric recipients with intesti...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Tzvetanov IG,Tulla KA,D'Amico G,Benedetti E

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nutritional strategies have been explored as primary or adjunct therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Exclusive enteral nutrition is effective for the induction of remission in Crohn disease and is recommended as a first-line therapy for children. Dietary strategies focus on adjusting the ratio of consumed n...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Limketkai BN,Wolf A,Parian AM

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of nutritional support in acute pancreatitis is to reduce inflammation, prevent nutritional depletion, correct a negative nitrogen balance, and improve outcomes. Enteral nutrition (EN) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) should be preferred to parenteral nutrition. It maintains the integrity of the gut barrier...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Roberts KM,Nahikian-Nelms M,Ukleja A,Lara LF

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence indicates that the gut microbiota and/or interactions between the microbiota and the host immune system are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Strategies that target the microbiota have emerged as potential therapies and, of these, probiotics have gained the greatest attention. ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Abraham BP,Quigley EMM

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is sparse information regarding exercise and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, the importance of regular exercise in the optimal management of IBD has not received attention in guidelines and is often overlooked by practitioners. This article summarizes evidence regarding health benefits of exercise...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Hashash JG,Binion DG

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Individuals with a genetic predisposition to Crohn's disease develop aberrant immune responses to environmental triggers. The gastrointestinal microbiota is increasingly recognized to play an important role in the development of Crohn's disease. Decrease in global gut microbial diversity and specific bacterial alterat...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Khanna S,Raffals LE

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In patients with Crohn's disease on biologic medications, the use of therapeutic drug monitoring leads to a personalized approach to optimize treatment. Using an algorithmic approach, measurement of drug concentrations and anti-drug antibodies can be used to improve treatment outcomes. Therapeutic drug concentrations ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Heron V,Afif W

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatocellular carcinomas can be further divided into distinct subtypes that provide important clinical information and biological insights. These subtypes are distinct from growth patterns and are on based on morphologic and molecular findings. There are 12 reasonably well-defined subtypes as well as 6 provisional su...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Torbenson MS

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intestinal immune system is intimately connected with the vast diversity of microbes present within the gut and the diversity of food components that are consumed daily. The discovery of novel molecular mechanisms, which mediate host-microbe-nutrient communication, have highlighted the important roles played by mi...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Smolinska S,Groeger D,O'Mahony L

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Common disease states in gastroenterology are more effectively treated in an obese patient when weight loss is incorporated into the treatment plan. Strategies that seek to achieve weight loss improve outcomes in the treatment of hepatitis C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and colorectal cancer, as examples. Pharm...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Keith JN

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastric cancer (GC) is third leading cause of cancer-related death. Only 28.3% of new GC cases survive more than 5 years. Although incidence has declined in the United States, an increase is estimated for 2016. Risk factors include sex (risk is higher in men), Helicobacter pylori infection, heredity, and lifestyle. GC...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Marqués-Lespier JM,González-Pons M,Cruz-Correa M

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease are chronic inflammatory diseases with typical onset in early adulthood. These diseases, therefore, can affect a woman throughout the many stages of her life, including menstruation, sexuality, pregnancy, and menopause. Unique health issues face women during these stages and can af...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Feagins LA,Kane SV

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is an effective platform for a variety of therapies in the management of benign and malignant disease of the pancreas. Over the last 50 years, endotherapy has evolved into the first-line therapy in the majority of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the pancreas. A...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Riff BP,Chandrasekhara V

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HCV in the East is a complex scenario with prevalence rates of 0.5% to as high as 4.7%, and variable distributions of genotypes, with a dominance of genotype 1b in East Asia, genotype 3 in South Asia and South East Asia, and genotype 6 in Indochina. Approvals for the new oral directing antiviral agents (DAAs), in the ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Dan YY,Lim SG

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment needs confirmation in patients with persistent symptoms and in those with complicated peptic ulcer. Endoscopic surveillance after eradication is needed in patients with advanced premalignant gastric lesions, previous early gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, a...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Kuipers EJ

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased dramatically in the past 3 decades, making its precursor lesion Barrett's esophagus (BE) an important clinical problem. Effective interventions are available, but overall outcomes remain unchanged. Most of the BE population remains undiagnosed; most EACs are diagnosed late...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Bansal A,Fitzgerald RC

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastroparesis is a heterogeneous disorder defined by delay in gastric emptying. Symptoms of gastroparesis are nonspecific, including nausea, vomiting, early satiety, bloating, and/or abdominal pain. Normal gastric motor function and sensory function depend on a complex coordination between the enteric and central nerv...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Nguyen LA,Snape WJ Jr

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is neurostimulation; its mechanism of action is affecting central control of nausea and vomiting and enhancing vagal function. GES is a powerful antiemetic available for patients with refractory symptoms of nausea and vomiting from gastroparesis of idiopathic and diabetic causes. G...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Sarosiek I,Davis B,Eichler E,McCallum RW

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is the most common emergency condition in gastroenterology. Although peptic ulcer and esophagogastric varices are the predominant causes, other conditions account for up to 50% of UGIBs. These conditions, among others, include angiodysplasia, Dieulafoy and Mallory-Weiss lesions, ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Tjwa ET,Holster IL,Kuipers EJ

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disease and involves a complex interplay of host genetics and environmental influences. Recent advances in the field, including data from genome-wide association studies and microbiome analysis, have started to unravel the complex interaction between host genetics...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Dave M,Papadakis KA,Faubion WA Jr

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphocyte homing antagonists represent promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several critical molecules involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the intestine, including integrins and chemokine receptors, have been successfully targeted for the trea...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Saruta M,Papadakis KA

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article, the epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is reviewed. Demographic features and natural history are described, the prevalence and incidence of EoE are highlighted, and risk factors for EoE are discussed. EoE can occur at any age, there is a male predominance, it is more common in whites, and ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Dellon ES

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Swallowed fluticasone and oral viscous budesonide are effective first-line therapies for eosinophilic esophagitis in children. Side effects are minimal without evidence of Cushing syndrome, as seen in treatment with systemic corticosteroids. New studies on alternative delivery systems and different corticosteroids (eg...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Contreras EM,Gupta SK

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-resolution manometry (HRM) allows nuanced evaluation of esophageal motor function, and more accurate evaluation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function, in comparison with conventional manometry. Pathophysiologic correlates of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal peristaltic performance are ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Mello M,Gyawali CP

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic pelvic pain is pain lasting longer than 6 months and is estimated to occur in 15% of women. Causes of pelvic pain include disorders of gynecologic, urologic, gastroenterologic, and musculoskeletal systems. The multidisciplinary nature of chronic pelvic pain may complicate diagnosis and treatment. Treatments va...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Stein SL

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastrointestinal endoscopy had major technological improvements and novel technologies in recent years. High-definition endoscopy has permitted an increasingly detailed view of the mucosa during colonoscopy. Filter techniques that enhance analysis of vessel and surface structures. Autofluorescence imaging relies on fu...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Goetz M

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastric cancers are a histologically heterogenous group of neoplasms arising from unique epidemiologic and molecular backgrounds. There is accumulating evidence that the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma develops through a multistep process beginning with chronic gastritis triggered primarily by Helicobacter p...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Yakirevich E,Resnick MB

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the esophagus characterized by the absence of peristalsis and defective relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Patients present at all ages with dysphagia and regurgitation as main symptoms. The diagnosis is suggested by barium swallow and endoscopy and confirmed by mano...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Moonen AJ,Boeckxstaens GE

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity-related disorders derive from a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Recent evidence supports the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance by increasing energy harvest from diet and by inducing chronic, low-grade inflamm...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Molinaro F,Paschetta E,Cassader M,Gambino R,Musso G

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00