abstract：:Eating disorders are potentially life-threatening conditions characterized by disordered eating and weight-control behaviors that impair physical health and psychosocial functioning. Early intervention may decrease the risk of long-term pathology and disability. Clinicians should interpret disordered eating and body i...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Klein DA,Sylvester JE,Schvey NA

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease in the United States, affecting up to 30% of adults. There are two forms of NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), defined as 5% or greater hepatic steatosis without hepatocellular injury or fibrosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (N...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Westfall E,Jeske R,Bader AR

更新日期：2020-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic reaction, normally occurring within one to two hours of exposure to an allergen. The incidence of anaphylaxis in the United States is 2.1 per 1,000 person-years. Most anaphylactic reactions occur outside the hospital setting. Urticaria, difficulty breathing, and mucosal swell...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Pflipsen MC,Vega Colon KM

更新日期：2020-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neck pain is a common presenting symptom in the primary care setting and causes significant disability. The broad differential diagnosis requires an efficient but global assessment; therefore, emphasis is typically placed on red flags that can assist in the early recognition and treatment of more concerning diagnoses,...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Childress MA,Stuek SJ

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asymptomatic bacteriuria, defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine in the absence of urinary symptoms, is a common clinical finding that often warrants a decision about whether to initiate antimicrobial therapy. There are few indications to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria, and inappropriate treatment contribute...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Colgan R,Jaffe GA,Nicolle LE

更新日期：2020-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Endometrial biopsy is a safe and efficient method to evaluate the endometrium for a variety of indications, most commonly abnormal uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding. Endometrial biopsy is highly specific for diagnosing atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women. Pregnancy is the onl...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Williams PM,Gaddey HL

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Common anorectal conditions include hemorrhoids, perianal pruritus, anal fissures, functional rectal pain, perianal abscess, condyloma, rectal prolapse, and fecal incontinence. Although these are benign conditions, symptoms can be similar to those of cancer, so malignancy should be considered in the differential diagn...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Cohee MW,Hurff A,Gazewood JD

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic folliculitis affecting intertriginous areas. Onset generally occurs in young adulthood to middle adulthood (18 to 39 years of age). Females and blacks are more than twice as likely to be affected. Additional risk factors include family history, smoking, and obesity. Hidradenitis s...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Wipperman J,Bragg DA,Litzner B

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Menstrual patterns can be an indicator of overall health and self-perception of well-being. Primary amenorrhea, defined as the lifelong absence of menses, requires evaluation if menarche has not occurred by 15 years of age or three years post-thelarche. Secondary amenorrhea is characterized by cessation of previously ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Klein DA,Paradise SL,Reeder RM

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gas, bloating, and belching are associated with a variety of conditions but are most commonly caused by functional gastrointestinal disorders. These disorders are characterized by disordered motility and visceral hypersensitivity that are often worsened by psychological distress. An organized approach to the evaluatio...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Wilkinson JM,Cozine EW,Loftus CG

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain encountered in the outpatient setting in adolescents and adults younger than 60 years. The incidence in the United States is between 3% and 6%. The cardinal feature of PFPS is pain in or around the anterior knee that intensifies...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Gaitonde DY,Ericksen A,Robbins RC

更新日期：2019-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Frequent school absenteeism has immediate and long-term negative effects on academic performance, social functioning, high school and college graduation rates, adult income, health, and life expectancy. Previous research focused on distinguishing between truancy and anxiety-driven school refusal, but current policy ha...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Allen CW,Diamond-Myrsten S,Rollins LK

更新日期：2018-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Persons whose experienced or expressed gender differs from their sex assigned at birth may identify as transgender. Transgender and gender-diverse persons may have gender dysphoria (i.e., distress related to this incongruence) and often face substantial health care disparities and barriers to care. Gender identity is ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Klein DA,Paradise SL,Goodwin ET

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older adults. Diagnostic cutoff values for defining anemia vary with age, sex, and possibly race. Anemia is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on laboratory testing. Patients may present with symptoms related to associated conditions, such as b...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Lanier JB,Park JJ,Callahan RC

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All major health organizations recommend breastfeeding as the optimal source of infant nutrition, with exclusive breastfeeding recommended for the first six months of life. After six months, complementary foods may be introduced. Most organizations recommend breastfeeding for at least one year, and the World Health Or...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Westerfield KL,Koenig K,Oh R

更新日期：2018-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain in adults and children, with a lifetime risk of 8.6% in males and 6.7% in females. It is the most common nonobstetric surgical emergency during pregnancy. Findings from the history, physical examination, and laboratory studies aid in the diagnosis o...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Snyder MJ,Guthrie M,Cagle S

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diet is the single most significant risk factor for disability and premature death. Patients and physicians often have difficulty staying abreast of diet trends, many of which focus primarily on weight loss rather than nutrition and health. Recommending an eating style can help patients make positive change. Dietary p...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Locke A,Schneiderhan J,Zick SM

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Running is a common form of exercise but predisposes athletes to several running-related injuries. Most running injuries are due to overuse and respond to conservative treatment. Tendinopathies in the patellar, Achilles, and hamstring tendons are common, and are primarily treated with eccentric exercise. Iliotibial ba...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Arnold MJ,Moody AL

更新日期：2018-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin may be used to augment therapy with oral glycemic medications or as insulin replacement therapy. The American Diabetes Association suggests the use of long-acting (basal) insulin to augment therapy with one or two oral agents or one oral agent plus a glucagon-like pep...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Howard-Thompson A,Khan M,Jones M,George CM

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disorders of puberty can profoundly impact physical and psychosocial well-being. Precocious puberty is pubertal onset before eight years of age in girls and before nine years of age in boys. Patients with early isolated pubertal changes, prepubertal linear growth, and no worrisome neurologic symptoms typically have a ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Klein DA,Emerick JE,Sylvester JE,Vogt KS

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An estimated 15% of children in the United States have at least one developmental delay, yet less than one-fifth of those children receive early intervention services before three years of age. Many barriers exist to implementing initial screening and referral, but screening tools can be easily incorporated into the w...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Vitrikas K,Savard D,Bucaj M

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Postpartum hemorrhage is common and can occur in patients without risk factors for hemorrhage. Active management of the third stage of labor should be used routinely to reduce its incidence. Use of oxytocin after delivery of the anterior shoulder is the most important and effective component of this practice. Oxytocin...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Evensen A,Anderson JM,Fontaine P

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Superficial bursitis most often occurs in the olecranon and prepatellar bursae. Less common locations are the superficial infrapatellar and subcutaneous (superficial) calcaneal bursae. Chronic microtrauma (e.g., kneeling on the prepatellar bursa) is the most common cause of superficial bursitis. Other causes include a...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Khodaee M

更新日期：2017-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Carpal tunnel syndrome, the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper extremity, is caused by compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel. Classically, patients with the condition experience pain and paresthesias in the distribution of the median nerve, which includes the palmar aspect...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Wipperman J,Goerl K

更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has issued recommendations on behavioral counseling to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and recommendations about screening for individual STIs. Clinicians should obtain a sexual history to assess for behaviors that increase a patient's risk. Community and...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Lee KC,Ngo-Metzger Q,Wolff T,Chowdhury J,LeFevre ML,Meyers DS

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular arrhythmia that adversely affects cardiac function and increases the risk of stroke. It is the most common arrhythmia and a major source of morbidity and mortality; its prevalence increases with age. Pulse rate is sensitive, but not specific, for diagnosis, and suspected atria...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Gutierrez C,Blanchard DG

更新日期：2016-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Peripartum depression affects up to one in seven women and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity if untreated. A history of depression is the strongest risk factor for developing peripartum depression. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening pregnant and postpartum women f...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Langan R,Goodbred AJ

更新日期：2016-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Adnexal masses can have gynecologic or nongynecologic etiologies, ranging from normal luteal cysts to ovarian cancer to bowel abscesses. Women who report abdominal or pelvic pain, increased abdominal size or bloating, difficulty eating, or rapid satiety that occurs more than 12 times per month in less than a year shou...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Biggs WS,Marks ST

更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that clinicians screen adults for alcohol misuse and provide persons engaged in risky or hazardous drinking behaviors with brief behavioral counseling to reduce alcohol misuse. However, only a minority of American adults with high-risk alcohol use receive treatment. T...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Winslow BT,Onysko M,Hebert M

更新日期：2016-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:With the release of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., the diagnostic category previously known as somatoform disorders is now called somatic symptom and related disorders. The revisions were intended to increase their relevance in the primary care setting. The main feature of this dis...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Kurlansik SL,Maffei MS

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastroesophageal reflux is defined as the passage of stomach contents into the esophagus with or without accompanied regurgitation (spitting up) and vomiting. It is a normal physiologic process that occurs throughout the day in infants and less often in children and adolescents. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Baird DC,Harker DJ,Karmes AS

更新日期：2015-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The preparticipation physical evaluation is a commonly requested medical visit for amateur and professional athletes of all ages. The overarching goal is to maximize the health of athletes and their safe participation in sports. Although studies have not found that the preparticipation physical evaluation prevents mor...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Mirabelli MH,Devine MJ,Singh J,Mendoza M

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of the nearly 4 million births in the United States annually are normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries. In the first stage of labor, normal birth outcomes can be improved by encouraging the patient to walk and stay in upright positions, waiting until at least 6 cm dilation to diagnose active stage arrest, providi...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Dresang LT,Yonke N

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Health literacy includes a set of skills needed to make appropriate health decisions and successfully navigate the health care system. These skills include reading, writing, numeracy, communication, and, increasingly, the use of electronic technology. National data indicate that more than one-third of U.S. adults have...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Hersh L,Salzman B,Snyderman D

更新日期：2015-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:More than 30% of U.S. adults report having experienced low back pain within the preceding three months. Although most low back pain is nonspecific and self-limiting, a subset of patients develop chronic low back pain, defined as persistent symptoms for longer than three months. Low back pain is categorized as nonspeci...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Herndon CM,Zoberi KS,Gardner BJ

更新日期：2015-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Stroke can be categorized as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Awakening with or experiencing the abrupt onset of focal neurologic deficits is the hallmark of the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. The most common presenting symptoms of ischemic stroke are speech disturbance and weaknes...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Yew KS,Cheng EM

更新日期：2015-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertension is the most common chronic condition treated by family physicians. Elevated blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and death. Treatment of hypertension reduces the risk of these events. Several lifestyle modifications are assoc...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Langan R,Jones K

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women. The incidence and mortality rate of the disease have been declining over the past two decades because of early detection and treatment. Screening in persons at average risk should begin at 50 years of age; the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recom...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Short MW,Layton MC,Teer BN,Domagalski JE

更新日期：2015-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Eating disorders are life-threatening conditions that are challenging to address; however, the primary care setting provides an important opportunity for critical medical and psychosocial intervention. The recently published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., includes updated diagnostic cr...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Harrington BC,Jimerson M,Haxton C,Jimerson DC

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Health care-associated infections cause approximately 75,000 deaths annually, in addition to increasing morbidity and costs. Over the past decade, a downward trend in health care-associated infections has occurred nationwide. Basic prevention measures include administrative support, educating health care personnel, an...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Hsu V

更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00