Interplay of innate lymphoid cells and the microbiota.

abstract：:The initiation of T lymphocyte responses within secondary lymphoid organs involves interactions with different subsets of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies have revealed the complexity of microanatomical organization within lymphoid organs. Exactly how T cells and DCs locate each other and the type of cellular int...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Ugur M,Mueller SN

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of L3T4 and Lyt-2 cell surface molecules separates T cells into two broad, non-overlapping subsets: typical T helper cells are L3T4+ Lyt-2- whereas most T killer cells and their precursors are L3T4- Lyt-2+. This review compares highly purified populations of unprimed L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ cells for their cap...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Sprent J,Schaefer M,Lo D,Korngold R

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cellular communications between a human CD4+ clone and autologous CD4+ clones induced with the first clone are described. The autoreactive clones proliferated after stimulation with the inducer clone, but not after stimulation with autologous clones expressing irrelevant specificities. The inducer clone markedly l...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Naor D,Essery G,Tarcic N,Kahan M,Lamb JR,Feldmann M

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertebrate immune system has evolved to deal with parasitic life forms, so it is hardly surprising that experiments with pathogens have proved illuminating for immunology. Those of us who have worked for years with infectious processes are acutely conscious that we do little more than probe the vast 'experiment of...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Doherty PC

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4(+) T lymphocytes orchestrate adaptive immune responses by differentiating into various subsets of effector T cells such as T-helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells. These subsets have been generally described by master transcription factors that dictate the expression of cytokines and receptors, which u...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Pagani M,Rossetti G,Panzeri I,de Candia P,Bonnal RJ,Rossi RL,Geginat J,Abrignani S

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：SUMMARY:Interleukin-21 (IL-21) belongs to a family of cytokines that includes IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, all of which bind to private (or shared) receptors as well as the common cytokine receptor gamma-chain as a component. Most cytokines in this family are critically important for both the maintenance and func...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Ettinger R,Kuchen S,Lipsky PE

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies over the last decade uncovered overlapping niches for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), multipotent progenitor cells, common lymphoid progenitors, and early B cell progenitors. HSC and lymphoid niches are predominantly composed by mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and by a small subset of endothelial cells. N...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Zehentmeier S,Pereira JP

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure and amino acid diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR), similar in nature to that of Fab portions of antibodies, would suggest that these proteins have a nearly infinite capacity to recognize antigen. Yet all currently defined native T cells expressing an α and β chain in their TCR can only sense antigen ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Castro CD,Luoma AM,Adams EJ

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NF-κB proteins were identified in the search for mechanisms that regulate B-lymphocyte-specific transcription of immunoglobulin κ light chain genes. Twenty-five years later, though the function of the κB site in the enhancer remains enigmatic, NF-κB proteins have been shown to have important roles in B-cell developmen...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Kaileh M,Sen R

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a crucial role in orchestrating the humoral arm of adaptive immune responses. Mature Tfh cells localize to follicles in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) where they provide help to B cells in germinal centers (GCs) to facilitate immunoglobulin affinity maturation, class-switch recom...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Song W,Craft J

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gammadelta T-cell receptors (TCRs) are limited in their diversity, suggesting that their natural ligands may be few in number. Ligands for gammadeltaTCRs that have thus far been determined are predominantly of host rather than foreign origin. Correlations have been noted between the Vgamma and/or Vdelta genes a ga...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： O'Brien RL,Roark CL,Jin N,Aydintug MK,French JD,Chain JL,Wands JM,Johnston M,Born WK

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Upon antigen recognition, T cells undergo substantial membrane and cytoskeletal rearrangements that lead to the formation of the immunological synapse and are necessary for subsequent T-cell activation. However, little is known about how membrane and cytoskeletal molecules interact during these processes. Here we disc...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Das V,Nal B,Roumier A,Meas-Yedid V,Zimmer C,Olivo-Marin JC,Roux P,Ferrier P,Dautry-Varsat A,Alcover A

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the human, most IgM+IgD+ as well as CD5+ peripheral blood B cells express unmutated V genes and thus can be assigned to a pre-germinal centre (GC) stage of development. The memory B-cell compartment generated in the GC reaction and characterized by cells bearing somatically mutated V-region genes consists not only ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Klein U,Goossens T,Fischer M,Kanzler H,Braeuninger A,Rajewsky K,Küppers R

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The preceding paragraphs describe several uses of specific antibodies to IL-1. Standard radioimmunoassays and ELISA procedures were developed with demonstrated utility in studies attempting to quantitate the cytokine in cell culture fluids. In part, antibody-based assays circumvent the problems associated with bioassa...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Gaffney EV,Anderson AE,Pfanenstiel YT,Koch GA

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunity results from a complex interplay between the antigen-non-specific innate immune system and the antigen-specific adaptive immune system. The cells and molecules of the innate system employ non-clonal recognition receptors including lectins, Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and helicases. B and T lympho...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Ueno H,Schmitt N,Klechevsky E,Pedroza-Gonzalez A,Matsui T,Zurawski G,Oh S,Fay J,Pascual V,Banchereau J,Palucka K

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphocytes can interfere with the activity of other lymphocytes in a thousand and one ways. A particular subset of so-called regulatory CD4+ T cells is capable of controlling the activity of other lymphocytes in yet another way. Their function is primarily defined by the ability to protect the integrity of tissues an...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Annacker O,Pimenta-Araujo R,Burlen-Defranoux O,Bandeira A

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DOCK8 immunodeficiency syndrome (DIDS) is a progressive combined immunodeficiency that can be distinguished from other combined immunodeficiencies or hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndromes in featuring (a) profound susceptibility to virus infections of the skin, with associated skin cancers, and (b) severe food allergies...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Su HC,Jing H,Angelus P,Freeman AF

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The innate immune system is an evolutionarily ancient form of host defense found in most multicellular organisms. Inducible responses of the innate immune system are triggered upon pathogen recognition by a set of pattern recognition receptors. These receptors recognize conserved molecular patterns shared by large gro...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Medzhitov R,Janeway C Jr

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genes encoding several serum complement components and the gene(s) for steroid 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) have been located in the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). All these genes are highly polymorphic in man, and these polymorphisms have been used to draw conclusions about the structure an...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： White PC,New MI,Dupont B

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that control the maturation and production of interleukin-1 family members and play crucial roles in host defense against pathogens. However, dysregulated activation of inflammasomes is associated with intense inflammation, leading to the development of inflammatory diseases. T...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Takahama M,Akira S,Saitoh T

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：SUMMARY:African trypanosomes are pathogens for humans and livestock. They are single-cell, extra-cellular parasites that cause persistent infections of the blood and induce profound immunosuppression. Here, we review recent work on experimental African trypanosomiasis, especially infections with Trypanosoma congolense,...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Tabel H,Wei G,Shi M

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of the regulation of gene expression historically focused on transcription. However, during stress and apoptosis, profound gene expression changes occur more rapidly and globally than is possible by regulating transcription. Posttranscriptional changes in mRNA processing and translation in response to diverse ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Thomas MP,Lieberman J

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites, whose replication depends on components encoded by the virus and pathways and functions of the host cell. In addition to the pathways required for viral synthesis, viruses activate multiple mechanisms to evade immune attack, promoting viral propagation while avoiding or ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Andrade F

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aged animals and humans exhibit a decreased T-cell activation response although they also exhibit increased susceptibility to responses to self-antigens and a loss of self-tolerance. The age-related alteration in T-cell reactivity, polyclonal expansion of T cells, and enhanced production of autoantibodies may reflect ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hsu HC,Scott DK,Mountz JD

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Structures of two intact monoclonal antibodies were solved by X-ray diffraction analysis revealing, in both cases, the dispositions of all segments, as well as the structures of the hinge polypeptides. An IgG1, whose antigen is the drug phenobarbital, assumed a completely different conformation when compared with an I...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Harris LJ,Larson SB,Skaletsky E,McPherson A

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to engineer the antibody molecule has now progressed to the stage where one can realistically contemplate creating a pharmacologically useful targeting molecule comprising a single-chain, minimal antibody combining site together with a domain that imparts a second functionality. It will certainly be possib...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Haber E

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of vaccines is presently receiving major attention in malaria research. As it is not possible to base malaria vaccines on the use of killed or attenuated organisms, the vaccines which are being developed are subunit vaccines in which the immunogens consist of defined parasite antigens or antigenic frag...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Perlmann H,Perlmann P,Berzins K,Wåhlin B,Troye-Blomberg M,Hagstedt M,Andersson I,Högh B,Petersen E,Björkman A

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many tumors express antigens that can be specifically or selectively recognized by T lymphocytes, suggesting that T-cell-mediated immunity may be harnessed for the immunotherapy of cancer. However, since tumors originate from normal cells and evolve within the context of self-tissues, the immune mechanisms that preven...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Savage PA,Leventhal DS,Malchow S

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-33 is a key cytokine involved in type 2 immunity and allergic airway diseases. Abundantly expressed in lung epithelial cells, IL-33 plays critical roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs. In innate immunity, IL-33 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) provide an essent...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Drake LY,Kita H

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells respond rapidly to transformed, stressed, or virally infected cells and provide a first-line immune defense against pathogen invasion and cancer. Thought to involve short-lived effector cells that are armed for battle, NK cells were not previously known to contribute in recall responses to pa...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Sun JC,Beilke JN,Lanier LL

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00