Abstract：
:Many tumors express antigens that can be specifically or selectively recognized by T lymphocytes, suggesting that T-cell-mediated immunity may be harnessed for the immunotherapy of cancer. However, since tumors originate from normal cells and evolve within the context of self-tissues, the immune mechanisms that prevent the autoimmune attack of normal tissues function in parallel to restrict anti-tumor immunity. In particular, the purging of autoreactive T cells and the development of immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) are thought to be major barriers impeding anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we discuss current understanding regarding the antigens recognized by tumor-infiltrating T-cell populations, the mechanisms that shape the repertoire of these cells, and the role of the transcription factor autoimmune regulator (Aire) in these processes. Further elucidation of these principles is likely to be critical for optimizing emerging cancer immunotherapies, and for the rational design of novel therapies exhibiting robust anti-tumor activity with limited toxicity.
journal_name
Immunol Revjournal_title
Immunological reviewsauthors
Savage PA,Leventhal DS,Malchow Sdoi
10.1111/imr.12166subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-05-01 00:00:00pages
245-58issue
1eissn
0105-2896issn
1600-065Xjournal_volume
259pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：SUMMARY:Interleukin-21 (IL-21) belongs to a family of cytokines that includes IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, all of which bind to private (or shared) receptors as well as the common cytokine receptor gamma-chain as a component. Most cytokines in this family are critically important for both the maintenance and func...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00631.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Directed cellular migrations underlie immune system organization. Chemokines and their receptors (along with surface-adhesion molecules) are central to these migrations, targeting developing and mature leukocytes to tissues and microenvironments suitable for their differentiation and function. The chemokine CXCL12 and...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-065x.2003.00067.x
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Negative regulation of intracellular signaling delivered by the antigen receptors and coreceptors plays an important role in lymphocyte development and activation. Recent data from our laboratory and others have identified the Cbl family of ubiquitin ligases as important negative regulators in both T-cell and B-cell a...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00655.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification process that regulates several critical cellular processes. Ubiquitination is orchestrated by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), which constitutes a cascade of enzymes that transfer ubiquitin onto protein substrates. The UPS catalyzes the destruction of many crit...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12236
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer cells are subjected to constant selection by the immune system, meaning that tumors that become clinically manifest have managed to subvert or hide from immunosurveillance. Immune control can be facilitated by induction of autophagy, as well as by polyploidization of cancer cells. While autophagy causes the rel...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12582
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the cancer from being eliminated by the immune system and allows disease to progress from a very early stage to a lethal state. Immunotherapies are new...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12528
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunologists working in the field of autoimmunity tend to concentrate all their efforts on the elucidation of possible malfunctions of the immune system, particularly pathologic changes of immune regulation. Also in the OS model various groups of investigators emphasized this approach, although it was already clear e...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1986.tb01167.x
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept that the immune system recognizes and controls cancer was first postulated over a century ago, and cancer immunity has continued to be vigorously debated and experimentally tested. Mounting evidence in humans and mice supports the involvement of cytokines in tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. The id...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00199.x
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract is colonized by trillions of beneficial commensal bacteria that are essential for promoting normal intestinal physiology. While the majority of commensal bacteria are found in the intestinal lumen, many species have also adapted to colonize different anatomical locations in th...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12186
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is an established risk factor for many cancers and has recently been found to alter the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies. Currently, however, the effects of obesity on immunometabolism remain unclear. Understanding these associations is critical, given the fact that T cell metabolism is tightly linked ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12849
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pattern of polymorphisms at MHC loci was studied by computer simulations and by DNA sequence analyses, with special reference to synonymous and non-synonymous divergence among alleles. A model of overdominance plus short-term selection was simulated for a gene family with allelic and non-allelic gene conversion. I...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01401.x
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GITR [glucocorticoid inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-related protein] and 4-1BB are costimulatory TNFR family members that are expressed on regulatory and effector T cells as well as on other cells of the immune system. Here we discuss the role of GITR and 4-1BB on T cells during viral infections and i...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01063.x
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian defense system can respond to a variety of threats, but this capability is not just a simple alarm system for triggering antigen-presenting cells and initiating cellular immunity. Instead, the body is an integrated system in which nearly every cell type can relay the alarm through the production of chemo...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01318.x
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is clear by now that cell-to-cell interactions involving a variety of signals are required for effective immune response. The data reviewed here suggest that CD40-CD40L interactions are critical for development of CD4 T-cell-dependent effector functions. Lack of this important interaction results in greatly reduced...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1996.tb00921.x
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：SUMMARY:Dengue viruses (DENV) are the mosquito-borne viruses of greatest global public health importance. DENV circulate as four serotypes with significant immunologic cross-reactivity that does not provide protection from secondary infection with heterologous serotypes. The strong association of severe dengue illness,...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00678.x
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) play a critical role in development and normal physiology. Alterations in 5-mC and 5-hmC patterns are common events in hematopoietic neoplasms. In this review, we begin by emphasizing the importance of 5-mC, 5-hmC, and their enzymatic modifiers in hematologic...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12242
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schistosomiasis is a serious global helminthic disease, in which the main immunopathology consists of a granulomatous and fibrosing reaction against tissue-trapped parasite eggs. The severity of this inflammatory process, the product of a CD4(+) T-cell-mediated immune response against parasite egg antigens, is, howeve...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00197.x
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clarifying the signals that lead to dendritic cell (DC) development and identifying cellular intermediates on their way to DC differentiation are essential steps to understand the dynamic regulation of number, localization, and functionality of these cells. In the past decade, much knowledge on cytokines, transcriptio...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00877.x
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review discusses situations when the magnitude and function of immune responses to virus infection are influenced by regulatory T cells (Tregs). The focus is on CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box protein 3+ natural Tregs (nTregs). The immune response may be limited in magnitude and efficacy when animals with normal nTreg fu...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00412.x
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The age-associated changes in humoral immunity affect the quality more than the quantity of the antibody response. Changes in the quality of the antibody response with age include shifts in antibody specificities from foreign to autoantigens, in antibody isotypes from IgG to IgM, in antibody affinities from high to lo...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1997.tb01032.x
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viral infections may induce and sustain autoimmune processes via several and overlapping mechanisms. We outline how chronic inflammation, sustained by persisting viruses, may be "the prerequisite" for initiation and maintenance of the multistep process leading to autoimmunity. Chronic inflammation may favour priming o...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01204.x
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vertebrate immune system has evolved to deal with parasitic life forms, so it is hardly surprising that experiments with pathogens have proved illuminating for immunology. Those of us who have worked for years with infectious processes are acutely conscious that we do little more than probe the vast 'experiment of...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.18505.x
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Germinal centers (GCs) are specialized microenvironments formed after infection where activated B cells can mutate their B-cell receptors to undergo affinity maturation. A stringent process of selection allows high affinity, non-self-reactive B cells to become long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells. While the prec...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00937.x
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ikaros zinc finger transcription factors are important regulators of the gene programs underlying the development of hematopoietic cell lineages. The family consists of five members: Ikaros, Helios, Aiolos, Eos, and Pegasus, which engage in both homo- and heterotypic intrafamilial interactions to exert diverse functio...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12936
更新日期：2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：SUMMARY:This volume covers many topics in the field of T-cell costimulation. The need for such a volume is testament to the growth of the field. From its beginning as a concept in the 1980s, we have now progressed to the point where many molecules now have functionally defined roles in T-cell costimulation. In addition...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00780.x
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T-cell development is a highly coordinated process that depends on interactions between thymocytes, thymic epithelium, and bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Before entering the peripheral T-cell pool, thymocytes are subject to negative selection, a process that eliminates (or deletes) T cells with high a...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00348.x
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The amyloid hypothesis has dominated Alzheimer's disease (AD) research for almost 30 years. This hypothesis hinges on the predominant clinical role of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide in propagating neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and eventual cognitive impairment in AD. Recent research in the AD field has identified the ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12896
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The innate immune system is responsible for detecting microbial invasion of the cell and for stimulating host defense countermeasures. These anti-pathogen procedures include the transcriptional activation of powerful antiviral genes such as the type I interferons (IFNs) or the triggering of inflammatory responses thro...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01051.x
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidence suggests that mast cells (MCs), in addition to acute allergic reactions, are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and in particular in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MCs reside in connective tissues and in synovial tissue of joints. They produce an array of proinflammatory medi...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00504.x
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites, whose replication depends on components encoded by the virus and pathways and functions of the host cell. In addition to the pathways required for viral synthesis, viruses activate multiple mechanisms to evade immune attack, promoting viral propagation while avoiding or ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00909.x
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
