The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73: Novel checkpoint inhibitor targets.

abstract：:Inflammasomes are the central signaling hubs of the inflammatory response. They process cytosolic evidence of infection, cell damage, or metabolic disturbances, and elicit a pro-inflammatory response mediated by members of the interleukin-1 family of cytokines and pyroptotoic cell death. On the molecular level, this i...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Franklin BS,Latz E,Schmidt FI

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer cells employ a diverse arsenal of effector mechanisms to target intracellular pathogens. Differentiation of natural killer (NK) cell activation pathways occurs along a continuum from reliance on innate pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress-induced host ligands through to interaction with signals derived...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Goodier MR,Wolf AS,Riley EM

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In spite of some remarkable progress in our understanding of the immune response to parasites and in the molecular cloning of dozens of genes encoding for potentially protective proteins, no definitive step has yet been made towards operational vaccines against major human parasitic diseases. The reasons for our prese...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Capron A,Dessaint JP

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the human, most IgM+IgD+ as well as CD5+ peripheral blood B cells express unmutated V genes and thus can be assigned to a pre-germinal centre (GC) stage of development. The memory B-cell compartment generated in the GC reaction and characterized by cells bearing somatically mutated V-region genes consists not only ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Klein U,Goossens T,Fischer M,Kanzler H,Braeuninger A,Rajewsky K,Küppers R

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current regimens used to treat tuberculosis are largely comprised of serendipitously discovered drugs that are combined based on clinical experience. Despite curing millions, these drug regimens are limited by the long course of therapy, the emergence of resistance, and the persistent tissue damage that remains af...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Baer CE,Rubin EJ,Sassetti CM

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NF-κB proteins were identified in the search for mechanisms that regulate B-lymphocyte-specific transcription of immunoglobulin κ light chain genes. Twenty-five years later, though the function of the κB site in the enhancer remains enigmatic, NF-κB proteins have been shown to have important roles in B-cell developmen...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Kaileh M,Sen R

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies in the last 20 years have given us a remarkable insight into the functional and phenotypic diversity of macrophages which reflects their integral role in host defence, homeostasis and pathogenesis. Mouse genetics, transcriptomic and epigenetic studies have provided an ontogenic and molecular perspective to the...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Saha S,Shalova IN,Biswas SK

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a life-saving intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Immune restoration after ART dramatically reduces the incidence and severity of opportunistic diseases and death. On some occasions, immune restoration may be erratic, leading to acute inflammatory responses (kn...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Wilson EM,Sereti I

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 share a common chain. Yet, their production in response to pathogens is differentially regulated, and their functions are distinct and often antithetic. IL-12 is involved in the induction or amplification of the T-helper (Th) type 1 response, whereas IL-23 has been associated with the ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Lyakh L,Trinchieri G,Provezza L,Carra G,Gerosa F

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The preceding paragraphs describe several uses of specific antibodies to IL-1. Standard radioimmunoassays and ELISA procedures were developed with demonstrated utility in studies attempting to quantitate the cytokine in cell culture fluids. In part, antibody-based assays circumvent the problems associated with bioassa...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Gaffney EV,Anderson AE,Pfanenstiel YT,Koch GA

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptive immunity has traditionally been considered a unique feature of vertebrate physiology. Unlike innate immune responses, which remain essentially unchanged upon exposure to a recurrent challenge with the same stimulus, adaptive immune cells possess the ability to learn and remember. Thus, secondary adaptive resp...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Paust S,Senman B,von Andrian UH

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-33 is a key cytokine involved in type 2 immunity and allergic airway diseases. Abundantly expressed in lung epithelial cells, IL-33 plays critical roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs. In innate immunity, IL-33 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) provide an essent...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Drake LY,Kita H

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TCR repertoire studies in RA have yielded conflicting data. These studies were initiated on the premise that clonal expression of T cells at the site of inflammation could serve as a target for immune therapies designed on the basis of the option to inactivate or eliminate the presumed pathogenic T cells. These analys...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Breedveld FC,Struyk L,van Laar JM,Miltenburg AM,de Vries RR,van den Elsen PJ

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hookworm infection is a major parasitic cause of morbidity in the developing nations of the tropics. Development of a genetically engineered vaccine would be a useful tool in the control of this infection in highly endemic areas. Recombinant polypeptides belonging to the Ancylostoma secreted protein (ASP)-1 family hav...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hotez PJ,Ghosh K,Hawdon JM,Narasimhan S,Jones B,Shuhua X,Sen L,Bin Z,Haechou X,Hainan R,Heng W,Koski RA

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Idiotypic networks, after being a dominating paradigm for more than a decade, have fallen out of fashion in parallel with the rapid success of molecular immunobiology. Today signs of a possible renaissance in idiotypic network studies are visible. For system biologists and also for physicists, the network idea remains...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Behn U

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a central role in controlling immune responsiveness, susceptibility to certain diseases and histo-incompatibility. A physical map of the complete rat MHC, the RTI complex, is presented based on a PAC clonal contig (RT1n haplotype). Expression profiling of various tissue...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Dressel R,Walter L,Günther E

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS), including nitric oxide, are produced in cells by a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. At high levels, both types of oxidants are used to kill ingested organisms within phagocytes. At low levels, RNOS may diffuse outside cells whe...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Swindle EJ,Metcalfe DD

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complement is a humoral factor of innate immunity and plays important roles in immune surveillance and clearance of invading pathogens. Mammalian complement consists of the classical (antibody-dependent), the alternative (antibody-independent) and the lectin (triggered by mannose-binding lectin) pathways of activation...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Nakao M,Yano T

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enhanced amino acid catabolism is a common response to inflammation, but the immunologic significance of altered amino acid consumption remains unclear. The finding that tryptophan catabolism helped maintain fetal tolerance during pregnancy provided novel insights into the significance of amino acid metabolism in cont...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： McGaha TL,Huang L,Lemos H,Metz R,Mautino M,Prendergast GC,Mellor AL

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review, we briefly cover the critical requirements for interleukin-7 (IL-7) in thymocyte development and peripheral T-cell homeostasis. Part of the IL-7 effect is antiapoptotic or 'trophic' and we have studied the intracellular pathways involved in lymphocyte survival and death regulated by this cytokine. We r...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Khaled AR,Durum SK

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract is colonized by trillions of beneficial commensal bacteria that are essential for promoting normal intestinal physiology. While the majority of commensal bacteria are found in the intestinal lumen, many species have also adapted to colonize different anatomical locations in th...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Fung TC,Artis D,Sonnenberg GF

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis has evolved from a Mycobacterium canettii-like progenitor pool into one of the most successful and widespread human pathogens. The pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis is linked to its ability to secrete/export/release selected mycobacterial proteins, and it is also established that active relea...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Majlessi L,Prados-Rosales R,Casadevall A,Brosch R

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphocytes can interfere with the activity of other lymphocytes in a thousand and one ways. A particular subset of so-called regulatory CD4+ T cells is capable of controlling the activity of other lymphocytes in yet another way. Their function is primarily defined by the ability to protect the integrity of tissues an...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Annacker O,Pimenta-Araujo R,Burlen-Defranoux O,Bandeira A

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of peptide presented by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule by the T-cell receptor (TCR) determines T-cell selection, development, differentiation, fate, and function. Despite intensive studies on the structures, thermodynamic properties, kinetic rates, and affinities of TCR-pMHC interacti...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Zhu C,Jiang N,Huang J,Zarnitsyna VI,Evavold BD

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed analysis of the genes and proteins that participate in the murine immune response to PC has provided key insights at the structural level into the phenomenon of somatic mutation in B cells. Most anti-PC antibodies are encoded by 1 VH gene of the S107 subfamily, and 3 VK genes, VKT15 of the VK22 subfamily, V...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Malipiero UV,Levy NS,Gearhart PJ

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations of the genes encoding T-cell receptor (TCR)-proximal signaling molecules, such as ZAP-70, can be causative of immunological diseases ranging from T-cell immunodeficiency to T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. For example, SKG mice, which carry a hypomorphic point mutation of the Zap-70 gene, spontaneously de...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Takeuchi Y,Hirota K,Sakaguchi S

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The activities of the immune system in repairing tissue injury and combating pathogens were long thought to be independent of the nervous system. However, a major regulatory role of immunomodulatory molecules released locally or systemically by the neuroendocrine system has recently emerged. A number of observations a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Quatrini L,Vivier E,Ugolini S

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune system of the gastrointestinal tract must be tightly regulated to limit pathologic responses toward innocuous antigens while simultaneously allowing for rapid development of effector responses against invading pathogens. Highly specialized antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets present in the gut play a domi...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Grainger JR,Askenase MH,Guimont-Desrochers F,da Fonseca DM,Belkaid Y

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Superantigens (SAGs) are a class of disease-causing and immunostimulatory proteins of bacterial or viral origin that activate T cells by binding to the V beta domain of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). The three-dimensional structure of the complex between a TCR beta chain (mouse V beta 8.2-J beta 2.1-C beta 1) and ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Li H,Llera A,Mariuzza RA

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma c) plays a critical role in lymphoid development through its participation in the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. Absence of gamma c results in abnormal lymphopoiesis and immunodeficiency, as evidence by X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCIDX1)...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Di Santo JP,Kühn R,Müller W

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00