Abstract：
SUMMARY:This volume covers many topics in the field of T-cell costimulation. The need for such a volume is testament to the growth of the field. From its beginning as a concept in the 1980s, we have now progressed to the point where many molecules now have functionally defined roles in T-cell costimulation. In addition, the field has progressed 'from bench to bedside'. Abatacept [cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)-immunoglobulin (Ig) (CTLA-4-Ig)], an inhibitor of CD28-mediated T-cell costimulation, was approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis in 2006 by the Food and Drug Administration and in 2007 by the European Medicines Agency. This chapter first presents a personal historical perspective on the early basic studies on the elucidation of the CD28/B7 T-cell costimulatory pathway and the discovery of CTLA-4-Ig. We next present an overview of studies of CTLA-4-Ig in preclinical animal studies. The material discussed in these first two sections is selective rather than exhaustive; their purpose is to provide context for the final section, a summary of human clinical studies performed with abatacept.
journal_name
Immunol Revjournal_title
Immunological reviewsauthors
Linsley PS,Nadler SGdoi
10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00780.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-05-01 00:00:00pages
307-21issue
1eissn
0105-2896issn
1600-065Xpii
IMR780journal_volume
229pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Human T cell hybridomas were generated by several techniques and the supernatants generated were screened for activity on human B cells. Three general activities were noted; B cell proliferation factor ( BCPF ), B cell differentiation factor (BCDF), and an IgA isotype-specific helper factor. BCPF acts on B cells to in...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1984.tb00479.x
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer cells employ a diverse arsenal of effector mechanisms to target intracellular pathogens. Differentiation of natural killer (NK) cell activation pathways occurs along a continuum from reliance on innate pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress-induced host ligands through to interaction with signals derived...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12798
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ikaros zinc finger transcription factors are important regulators of the gene programs underlying the development of hematopoietic cell lineages. The family consists of five members: Ikaros, Helios, Aiolos, Eos, and Pegasus, which engage in both homo- and heterotypic intrafamilial interactions to exert diverse functio...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12936
更新日期：2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：:In the quest for effective immunization against complex diseases such as cancer, parasitic diseases, AIDS, and other viral infections, numerous peptides and recombinant proteins have been synthesized, examined for the ability to induce antibodies and CTLs, and tested for binding capability and therapeutic or prophylac...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00075.x
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article focuses on four human carboxypeptidases (CPs): two metallo-CPs and two serine CPs. The metallo-CPs are members of the so-called B-type regulatory CP family, as they cleave only the C-terminal basic amino acids Arg or Lys. The plasma membrane-bound CPM and the mainly, but not exclusively, intracellular CPD...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01577.x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the last decade, the paradigm of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) as rare recessive familial diseases that lead to broad, severe, and early-onset immunological defects has shifted toward collectively more common, but sporadic autosomal dominantly inherited isolated defects in the immune response. Patients with PID...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12898
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mast cells (MCs) are major effector cells of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic inflammation. However, it has become increasingly clear that they also play important roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Recent advances have focused on the importance of MCs in both innate and adaptive immune...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00279.x
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatitis is damage and inflammation of the liver. It is triggered by both environmental and endogenous insults and is a platform for developing liver cirrhosis and cancer. Both innate and adaptive immune activation contribute to hepatic inflammation and disease. Viral hepatitis is the most common form of hepatitis an...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12279
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein (Env) and influenza hemagglutinin (HA) are the surface glycoproteins responsible for viral entry into host cells, the first step in the virus life cycle necessary to initiate infection. These glycoproteins exhibit a high degree of sequence variability and glycosy...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12005
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The characterization of the microenvironment of human tumors led to the description of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) characterized by mature dendritic cells in a T-cell zone adjacent to B-cell follicle including a germinal center. TLS represent sites of lymphoid neogenesis that develop in most solid cancers. Anal...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12405
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells respond rapidly to transformed, stressed, or virally infected cells and provide a first-line immune defense against pathogen invasion and cancer. Thought to involve short-lived effector cells that are armed for battle, NK cells were not previously known to contribute in recall responses to pa...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00900.x
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A byproduct of the largely stochastic generation of a diverse B-cell specificity repertoire is production of cells that recognize autoantigens. Indeed, recent studies indicate that more than half of the primary repertoire consists of autoreactive B cells that must be silenced to prevent autoimmunity. While this silenc...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00936.x
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The actin cytoskeleton network forms a key link between T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation and T-cell effector functions, providing a structural basis for T-cell morphological changes and signal transduction. Accumulating evidence positions the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp), a scaffolding protein that...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12112
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is an established risk factor for many cancers and has recently been found to alter the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies. Currently, however, the effects of obesity on immunometabolism remain unclear. Understanding these associations is critical, given the fact that T cell metabolism is tightly linked ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12849
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) contains at least 26 genes which belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily The genes include two clusters of immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)/leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR)/monocyte-macrophage inhibitory receptor (MIR) loci, a cluster of killer cell inhibitor...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1810103.x
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genes that encode molecules involved in antigen presentation within the class I and class II regions of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) include several that are highly polymorphic. There is evidence that this polymorphism is maintained by positive selection, most likely overdominant selection,...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01381.x
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) constitute organized lymphoid aggregates that are capable of T- and B-cell responses to inhaled antigens. BALT, located mostly at bifurcations of the bronchus in animals and humans, is present in the fetus and develops rapid...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00299.x
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mice, the absence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt) expression during fetal and neonatal life provides a window in development where clones of lymphocytes are generated that provide protective immunity. Introducing premature Tdt activity interferes with the development of these clones and results in an...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The induction of polyarthritis and polyarthralgia is a hallmark of arthritogenic alphavirus infections, with an exceptionally higher morbidity observed with chikungunya virus (CHIKV). While the mechanisms underlying these incapacitating acute symptoms remain partially understood, the progression to chronic conditions ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12825
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nutritional status has been indicated as a contributing factor to age-related dysregulation of the immune response. Vitamin E, a lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin, is important for normal function of the immune cells. The elderly are at a greater risk for vitamin E intake that is lower than recommended levels. Vitamin...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00274.x
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Almost four decades of research into the role of human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27) in susceptibility to spondyloarthritis has yet to yield a convincing answer. New results from an HLA-B27 transgenic rat model now demonstrate quite convincingly that CD8(+) T cells are not required for the inflammatory phenotype. Di...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00865.x
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Germinal centers (GCs) are sites of rapid B-cell proliferation and somatic mutation. These ovoid structures develop within the center of follicles and grow to a stereotypic size. The cell migration and interaction dynamics underlying GC B-cell selection events are currently under intense scrutiny. In recent study, we ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2012.01114.x
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current regimens used to treat tuberculosis are largely comprised of serendipitously discovered drugs that are combined based on clinical experience. Despite curing millions, these drug regimens are limited by the long course of therapy, the emergence of resistance, and the persistent tissue damage that remains af...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12267
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Superantigens (SAGs) are a class of disease-causing and immunostimulatory proteins of bacterial or viral origin that activate T cells by binding to the V beta domain of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). The three-dimensional structure of the complex between a TCR beta chain (mouse V beta 8.2-J beta 2.1-C beta 1) and ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01196.x
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple myeloma (MM) is a tumor of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (PCs). Nearly 40% of MM tumors have immunoglobulin H (IgH) translocations involving four recurrent chromosomal loci (oncogenes): 11q13 (cyclin D1), 6p21 (cyclin D3), 4p16 (MMSET and FGFR3), and 16q23 (c-maf). Other MM tumors have Ig translocations...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-065x.2003.00052.x
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For more than 25 years, it has been widely appreciated that Ca2+ influx is essential to trigger T-lymphocyte activation. Patch clamp analysis, molecular identification, and functional studies using blockers and genetic manipulation have shown that a unique contingent of ion channels orchestrates the initiation, intens...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00816.x
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：SUMMARY:African trypanosomes are pathogens for humans and livestock. They are single-cell, extra-cellular parasites that cause persistent infections of the blood and induce profound immunosuppression. Here, we review recent work on experimental African trypanosomiasis, especially infections with Trypanosoma congolense,...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00675.x
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemokines control selective targeting of circulating leukocytes to the microvasculature by triggering inside-out signal transduction pathways leading to integrin-dependent adhesion. Integrin activation by chemokines is very rapid, is downmodulated within minutes and appears to involve both enhanced heterodimer latera...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.18604.x
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aged animals and humans exhibit a decreased T-cell activation response although they also exhibit increased susceptibility to responses to self-antigens and a loss of self-tolerance. The age-related alteration in T-cell reactivity, polyclonal expansion of T cells, and enhanced production of autoantibodies may reflect ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00270.x
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nuclear hormone receptor retinoid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) induces a pro-inflammatory program in lymphoid cells, culminating in the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, IL-22, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor. During ontogeny, the first type of cells expre...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01071.x
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
