Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and repertoire development.

abstract：:The ability to engineer the antibody molecule has now progressed to the stage where one can realistically contemplate creating a pharmacologically useful targeting molecule comprising a single-chain, minimal antibody combining site together with a domain that imparts a second functionality. It will certainly be possib...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Haber E

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hookworm infection is a major parasitic cause of morbidity in the developing nations of the tropics. Development of a genetically engineered vaccine would be a useful tool in the control of this infection in highly endemic areas. Recombinant polypeptides belonging to the Ancylostoma secreted protein (ASP)-1 family hav...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hotez PJ,Ghosh K,Hawdon JM,Narasimhan S,Jones B,Shuhua X,Sen L,Bin Z,Haechou X,Hainan R,Heng W,Koski RA

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) is a highly conserved region in the cytoplasmic domain of signaling chains and receptors and is a critical mediator of intracellular signals. ITAM-mediated signals depend on the Syk or zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa tyrosine kinases, and ITAM signaling is re...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Humphrey MB,Lanier LL,Nakamura MC

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The infiltration of human tumors by T cells is a common phenomenon, and over the past decades, it has become increasingly clear that the nature of such intratumoral T-cell populations can predict disease course. Furthermore, intratumoral T cells have been utilized therapeutically in clinical studies of adoptive T-cell...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Linnemann C,Mezzadra R,Schumacher TN

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells respond rapidly to transformed, stressed, or virally infected cells and provide a first-line immune defense against pathogen invasion and cancer. Thought to involve short-lived effector cells that are armed for battle, NK cells were not previously known to contribute in recall responses to pa...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Sun JC,Beilke JN,Lanier LL

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4(+) T lymphocytes orchestrate adaptive immune responses by differentiating into various subsets of effector T cells such as T-helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells. These subsets have been generally described by master transcription factors that dictate the expression of cytokines and receptors, which u...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Pagani M,Rossetti G,Panzeri I,de Candia P,Bonnal RJ,Rossi RL,Geginat J,Abrignani S

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure and amino acid diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR), similar in nature to that of Fab portions of antibodies, would suggest that these proteins have a nearly infinite capacity to recognize antigen. Yet all currently defined native T cells expressing an α and β chain in their TCR can only sense antigen ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Castro CD,Luoma AM,Adams EJ

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune system of the gastrointestinal tract must be tightly regulated to limit pathologic responses toward innocuous antigens while simultaneously allowing for rapid development of effector responses against invading pathogens. Highly specialized antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets present in the gut play a domi...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Grainger JR,Askenase MH,Guimont-Desrochers F,da Fonseca DM,Belkaid Y

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract is colonized by trillions of beneficial commensal bacteria that are essential for promoting normal intestinal physiology. While the majority of commensal bacteria are found in the intestinal lumen, many species have also adapted to colonize different anatomical locations in th...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Fung TC,Artis D,Sonnenberg GF

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NF-κB proteins were identified in the search for mechanisms that regulate B-lymphocyte-specific transcription of immunoglobulin κ light chain genes. Twenty-five years later, though the function of the κB site in the enhancer remains enigmatic, NF-κB proteins have been shown to have important roles in B-cell developmen...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Kaileh M,Sen R

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a recently identified group of innate lymphocytes that are preferentially located at barrier surfaces. Barrier surfaces are in direct contact with complex microbial ecosystems, collectively referred to as the microbiota. It is now believed that the interplay of the microbiota with host ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Britanova L,Diefenbach A

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In adult mice, the number of B lymphocytes remains constant under homeostatic control, in spite of the fact that B cells are produced continuously in numbers that largely exceed the number required to replenish the peripheral pools. It follows that each newly formed lymphocyte can only persist if another lymphocyte di...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Gaudin E,Rosado M,Agenes F,McLean A,Freitas AA

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) play a critical role in development and normal physiology. Alterations in 5-mC and 5-hmC patterns are common events in hematopoietic neoplasms. In this review, we begin by emphasizing the importance of 5-mC, 5-hmC, and their enzymatic modifiers in hematologic...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Moen EL,Mariani CJ,Zullow H,Jeff-Eke M,Litwin E,Nikitas JN,Godley LA

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Germinal centers (GCs) are sites of rapid B-cell proliferation and somatic mutation. These ovoid structures develop within the center of follicles and grow to a stereotypic size. The cell migration and interaction dynamics underlying GC B-cell selection events are currently under intense scrutiny. In recent study, we ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Green JA,Cyster JG

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The scale and scope of the global epidemic, coupled to challenges with traditional vaccine development approaches, point toward a need for novel methodologies for HIV vaccine research. While the development of vaccines able to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies remains the ultimate goal, to date, vaccines continue...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Ackerman ME,Barouch DH,Alter G

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of T cells to respond to a wide array of foreign antigens while avoiding reactivity to self is largely determined by cellular selection of developing T cells in the thymus. While a great deal is known about the cell types and molecules involved in T-cell selection in the thymus, our understanding of the sp...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Kurd N,Robey EA

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TCR repertoire studies in RA have yielded conflicting data. These studies were initiated on the premise that clonal expression of T cells at the site of inflammation could serve as a target for immune therapies designed on the basis of the option to inactivate or eliminate the presumed pathogenic T cells. These analys...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Breedveld FC,Struyk L,van Laar JM,Miltenburg AM,de Vries RR,van den Elsen PJ

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The activities of the immune system in repairing tissue injury and combating pathogens were long thought to be independent of the nervous system. However, a major regulatory role of immunomodulatory molecules released locally or systemically by the neuroendocrine system has recently emerged. A number of observations a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Quatrini L,Vivier E,Ugolini S

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:αβ T cells are an integral part of protective immunity against pathogens. After precursor cells arise in the adult bone marrow or fetal liver, they migrate to the thymus where they rearrange their T-cell receptor genes (TCR) and undergo selection on the basis of their interactions with ligands expressed by thymic stro...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Su LF,Davis MM

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Almost four decades of research into the role of human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27) in susceptibility to spondyloarthritis has yet to yield a convincing answer. New results from an HLA-B27 transgenic rat model now demonstrate quite convincingly that CD8(+) T cells are not required for the inflammatory phenotype. Di...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Colbert RA,DeLay ML,Klenk EI,Layh-Schmitt G

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DOCK8 immunodeficiency syndrome (DIDS) is a progressive combined immunodeficiency that can be distinguished from other combined immunodeficiencies or hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndromes in featuring (a) profound susceptibility to virus infections of the skin, with associated skin cancers, and (b) severe food allergies...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Su HC,Jing H,Angelus P,Freeman AF

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the biggest barriers to achieving allograft tolerance is the presence of immunological memory within the recipient, which confers a faster, more robust immune response that is in most cases more resistant to pharmacologic immunosuppression. This review will identify the mechanisms by which alloreactive T cells ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hartigan CR,Sun H,Ford ML

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed analysis of the genes and proteins that participate in the murine immune response to PC has provided key insights at the structural level into the phenomenon of somatic mutation in B cells. Most anti-PC antibodies are encoded by 1 VH gene of the S107 subfamily, and 3 VK genes, VKT15 of the VK22 subfamily, V...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Malipiero UV,Levy NS,Gearhart PJ

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Work in the SCID-hu system has progressed significantly over the past 3-4 years. Reliable SCID-hu constructs can now be created for the evaluation of long-term multilineage human hematopoiesis, human immune function, and HIV infection of human hematolymphoid organs in vivo. Given these constructs, a variety of therape...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： McCune JM,Péault B,Streeter PR,Rabin L

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic efficacy of depleting B cells or blocking T-cell costimulation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has confirmed the critical pathogenic role of adaptive immune responses. Yet, RA preferentially affects elderly individuals, in whom adaptive immunity to exogenous antigens begins to fail. Here, we propose that sene...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Goronzy JJ,Weyand CM

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell transplantation and tissue regeneration studies indicate a surprisingly broad developmental potential for lineage-committed hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Under these conditions HSCs transition into myocytes, neurons, hepatocytes or other types of nonhematopoietic effector cells. Equally impressive is the progr...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： French SW,Hoyer KK,Shen RR,Teitell MA

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiments with transgenic mice illustrate clonal elimination of T cells specific for antigens expressed appropriately in the thymus, but presence of inducible T cells when the antigen presented on class I MHC antigens is expressed exclusively on non-lymphohemopoietic cells in the periphery (pancreatic beta islet cel...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Zinkernagel RM,Pircher HP,Ohashi P,Oehen S,Odermatt B,Mak T,Arnheiter H,Bürki K,Hengartner H

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are key immune receptors responsible for the effective control of both humoral and innate immunity and are central to maintaining the balance between generating appropriate responses to infection and preventing autoimmunity. When this balance is lost, pathology results in increased susceptibility...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hargreaves CE,Rose-Zerilli MJ,Machado LR,Iriyama C,Hollox EJ,Cragg MS,Strefford JC

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 share a common chain. Yet, their production in response to pathogens is differentially regulated, and their functions are distinct and often antithetic. IL-12 is involved in the induction or amplification of the T-helper (Th) type 1 response, whereas IL-23 has been associated with the ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Lyakh L,Trinchieri G,Provezza L,Carra G,Gerosa F

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The initiation of T lymphocyte responses within secondary lymphoid organs involves interactions with different subsets of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies have revealed the complexity of microanatomical organization within lymphoid organs. Exactly how T cells and DCs locate each other and the type of cellular int...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Ugur M,Mueller SN

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00