Abstract:
:The induction of polyarthritis and polyarthralgia is a hallmark of arthritogenic alphavirus infections, with an exceptionally higher morbidity observed with chikungunya virus (CHIKV). While the mechanisms underlying these incapacitating acute symptoms remain partially understood, the progression to chronic conditions in some cases remains unanswered. The highly pro-inflammatory nature of alphavirus disease has suggested the involvement of virus-specific, joint-infiltrating Th1 cells as one of the main pathogenic mediators of CHIKV-induced joint pathologies. This review summarizes the role of cell-mediated immune responses in CHIKV pathogenesis, with a specific focus on pro-inflammatory Th1 responses in the development of CHIKV joint inflammation. Furthermore, due to the explosive nature of arthritogenic alphavirus outbreaks and their recent expansion across the world, co-infections with other highly prevalent pathogens such as malaria are likely to occur but the pathological outcomes of such interactions in humans are unknown. This review will also discuss the potential impact of malaria co-infections on CHIKV pathogenesis and their relevance in alphavirus control programs in endemic areas.
journal_name
Immunol Revjournal_title
Immunological reviewsauthors
Torres-Ruesta A,Teo TH,Chan YH,Rénia L,Ng LFPdoi
10.1111/imr.12825subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-01 00:00:00pages
80-91issue
1eissn
0105-2896issn
1600-065Xjournal_volume
294pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Experiments designed to identify all HLA class I genes led to the cloning of the HLA-G gene (Geraghty et al. 1987). Very low levels of HLA-G mRNA expression have been demonstrated in the eye, thymus, peripheral blood lymphocytes and in keratinocytes (Shukla et al. 1990, Ishitani & Geraghty 1992, Kirszenbaum et al. 199...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00087.x
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) is a highly conserved region in the cytoplasmic domain of signaling chains and receptors and is a critical mediator of intracellular signals. ITAM-mediated signals depend on the Syk or zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa tyrosine kinases, and ITAM signaling is re...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00325.x
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hookworm infection is a major parasitic cause of morbidity in the developing nations of the tropics. Development of a genetically engineered vaccine would be a useful tool in the control of this infection in highly endemic areas. Recombinant polypeptides belonging to the Ancylostoma secreted protein (ASP)-1 family hav...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01347.x
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pivotal discovery that two chemokine receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, serve along with the T-cell receptor-interacting CD4 molecule as the principal co-receptors for HIV-1 entry stimulated a search for common genetic polymorphism in their genes which might affect the course of AIDS. Four mutational variants, CCR5-delta3...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1034/j.1600-065x.2000.17710.x
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer cells are subjected to constant selection by the immune system, meaning that tumors that become clinically manifest have managed to subvert or hide from immunosurveillance. Immune control can be facilitated by induction of autophagy, as well as by polyploidization of cancer cells. While autophagy causes the rel...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12582
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five of the 10 human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9), and four of the 12 mouse TLRs (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9) can trigger interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-lambda, which are critical for antiviral immunity. Moreover, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 differ from TLR4 in two particularly i...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00564.x
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review discusses situations when the magnitude and function of immune responses to virus infection are influenced by regulatory T cells (Tregs). The focus is on CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box protein 3+ natural Tregs (nTregs). The immune response may be limited in magnitude and efficacy when animals with normal nTreg fu...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00412.x
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of cell surface markers, mature T cells are considered to have either a naïve or a memory phenotype. These cells exhibit distinct types of kinetic behaviour in vivo. While naïve-phenotype cells persist long term in a non-dividing state, memory-phenotype T cells include cycling cells and exhibit a more rap...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01327.x
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pattern of polymorphisms at MHC loci was studied by computer simulations and by DNA sequence analyses, with special reference to synonymous and non-synonymous divergence among alleles. A model of overdominance plus short-term selection was simulated for a gene family with allelic and non-allelic gene conversion. I...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01401.x
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Probabilistic modeling is fundamental to the statistical analysis of complex data. In addition to forming a coherent description of the data-generating process, probabilistic models enable parameter inference about given datasets. This procedure is well developed in the Bayesian perspective, in which one infers probab...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12664
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::TCR repertoire studies in RA have yielded conflicting data. These studies were initiated on the premise that clonal expression of T cells at the site of inflammation could serve as a target for immune therapies designed on the basis of the option to inactivate or eliminate the presumed pathogenic T cells. These analys...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00063.x
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T cell hybridomas were generated by several techniques and the supernatants generated were screened for activity on human B cells. Three general activities were noted; B cell proliferation factor ( BCPF ), B cell differentiation factor (BCDF), and an IgA isotype-specific helper factor. BCPF acts on B cells to in...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1984.tb00479.x
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In spite of some remarkable progress in our understanding of the immune response to parasites and in the molecular cloning of dozens of genes encoding for potentially protective proteins, no definitive step has yet been made towards operational vaccines against major human parasitic diseases. The reasons for our prese...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1989.tb00551.x
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gammadelta T-cell receptors (TCRs) are limited in their diversity, suggesting that their natural ligands may be few in number. Ligands for gammadeltaTCRs that have thus far been determined are predominantly of host rather than foreign origin. Correlations have been noted between the Vgamma and/or Vdelta genes a ga...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00477.x
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bach2 is a basic region-leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor that forms heterodimers with small Maf oncoproteins and binds to target genes, thus repressing their expression. Bach2 is required for class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells. Bach2 ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12201
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments with transgenic mice illustrate clonal elimination of T cells specific for antigens expressed appropriately in the thymus, but presence of inducible T cells when the antigen presented on class I MHC antigens is expressed exclusively on non-lymphohemopoietic cells in the periphery (pancreatic beta islet cel...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00601.x
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In swine, the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) or swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) is located on chromosome 7 and divided by the centromere. Thus, the telomeric class I and more centromeric class III regions are located on the p arm and the class II region is located on the q arm. The SLA region spans about 2 Mb, i...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01391.x
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initiation of T lymphocyte responses within secondary lymphoid organs involves interactions with different subsets of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies have revealed the complexity of microanatomical organization within lymphoid organs. Exactly how T cells and DCs locate each other and the type of cellular int...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12753
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The response to pathogens and damage in plants and animals involves a series of carefully orchestrated, highly evolved, molecular mechanisms resulting in pathogen resistance and wound healing. In metazoans, damage- or pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs, PAMPs) execute precise intracellular tasks an...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00579.x
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expressed predominantly on myeloid and natural killer (NK) cells, DAP12 is an adapter protein that can associate with a variety of receptors. To date, DAP12 has predominantly been characterized as an adapter protein that activates various myeloid and NK cell effector functions; however, recent findings have demonstrat...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00466.x
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are chimeric proteins designed to treat cancer. They are made up of an Fv or Fab that targets an antigen on a cancer cell fused to a 38-kDa portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38). Because PE38 is a bacterial protein, it is highly immunogenic in patients with solid tumors that have nor...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12390
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, we discuss the possibilities for combining the power of molecular analysis of the antigens expressed in a given individual tumor with the design of a tailored vaccine containing defined antigens. Step 1 is a differential gene expression analysis of tumor and corresponding normal tissue. Step 2 is the a...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.18815.x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophages and neutrophils play a decisive role in host responses to intracellular bacteria including the agent of tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis as they represent the forefront of innate immune defense against bacterial invaders. At the same time, these phagocytes are also primary targets of intracell...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12266
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cells are key players of the mammalian adaptive immune system. They experience different mechanical microenvironments during their life cycle, from the thymus, secondary lymph organs, and peripheral tissues that are free of externally applied force, but display variable substrate rigidities to the blood and lymphati...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12122
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) destroys tumors with infused cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Although successful in some settings, ACT is compromised due to impaired survival or functional inactivation of the CTL. To better understand the mechanisms involved, we have exploited a mouse model of leukemia expressing ovalbumi...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12433
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the regulation of gene expression historically focused on transcription. However, during stress and apoptosis, profound gene expression changes occur more rapidly and globally than is possible by regulating transcription. Posttranscriptional changes in mRNA processing and translation in response to diverse ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12052
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are innate immune system cells that play an essential role in eradicating invading pathogens. PMN migration to sites of infection/inflammation requires exiting the microcirculation and subsequent crossing of epithelial barriers in mucosa-lined organs such as the lungs and intestine...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12446
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) are a diverse subset of innate immune cells that are key regulators of the host response to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-1 directly and indirectly modulates DC function to hinder the formation of effective antiviral immunity and fuel immune activation. This review focuses...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12082
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian Dok protein family has seven members (Dok-1-Dok-7). The Dok proteins share structural similarities characterized by the NH2-terminal pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine-binding domains followed by SH2 target motifs in the COOH-terminal moiety, indicating an adapter function. Indeed, Dok-1 was origina...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00844.x
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation underpins the development of atherosclerosis. Initiation and progression of vascular inflammation involves a complex cellular network, with macrophages as major contributors. Activated macrophages produce proinflammatory mediators, bridge innate and adaptive immunity, regulate lipid retention, and partici...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00554.x
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00