Abstract：
:The vertebrate immune system has evolved to deal with parasitic life forms, so it is hardly surprising that experiments with pathogens have proved illuminating for immunology. Those of us who have worked for years with infectious processes are acutely conscious that we do little more than probe the vast 'experiment of nature.' There is no place for doctrinaire rigidity in this extraordinarily complex area of biology. Though we have obviously tried to do rational experiments, much of the novelty that has been brought in to immunology from the analysis of the virus-specific host response has, in a very real sense, been the product of what we now call 'discovery science'. The following relates some of the research that I was involved in personally and attempts to put it in the context of both the history of the field and the events of the time. Virus infections, particularly HIV, pose enormous challenges for the future. It is generally helpful to know a little of what went before.
journal_name
Immunol Revjournal_title
Immunological reviewsauthors
Doherty PCdoi
10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.18505.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-07-01 00:00:00pages
39-49eissn
0105-2896issn
1600-065Xpii
imr18505journal_volume
185pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract：:Unique Vγ2Vδ2 (Vγ9Vδ2) T cells existing only in human and non-human primates, account for the majority of circulating γδ T cells in human adults. Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are the sole γδ T-cell subpopulation capable of recognizing the microbial (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) produced by selected pathoge...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12927
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphocytes can interfere with the activity of other lymphocytes in a thousand and one ways. A particular subset of so-called regulatory CD4+ T cells is capable of controlling the activity of other lymphocytes in yet another way. Their function is primarily defined by the ability to protect the integrity of tissues an...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1820101.x
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：SUMMARY:This volume covers many topics in the field of T-cell costimulation. The need for such a volume is testament to the growth of the field. From its beginning as a concept in the 1980s, we have now progressed to the point where many molecules now have functionally defined roles in T-cell costimulation. In addition...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00780.x
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:B-cell depletion therapy has beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases. This is only partly explained by an elimination of autoantibodies. How does B-cell depletion improve disease? Here, we review preclinical studies showing that B cells can propagate autoimmune disorders through cytokine production. We also highligh...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12374
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) play a critical role in development and normal physiology. Alterations in 5-mC and 5-hmC patterns are common events in hematopoietic neoplasms. In this review, we begin by emphasizing the importance of 5-mC, 5-hmC, and their enzymatic modifiers in hematologic...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12242
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory disease causing high rates of hospitalizations in infants, significant morbidity in children and adults, and excess mortality in the elderly. Major barriers to vaccine development include early age of RSV infection, capacity of RSV to evade innate ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00972.x
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple myeloma (MM) is a tumor of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (PCs). Nearly 40% of MM tumors have immunoglobulin H (IgH) translocations involving four recurrent chromosomal loci (oncogenes): 11q13 (cyclin D1), 6p21 (cyclin D3), 4p16 (MMSET and FGFR3), and 16q23 (c-maf). Other MM tumors have Ig translocations...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-065x.2003.00052.x
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review emphasizes some of the differences between the fate of allogeneic H2-incompatible T-cells, when injected into immunodeficient, T-depleted mice, or as parental cells injected into F1 hybrids. In both conditions, allogeneic cells are eliminated, a rejection which cannot be predicted from the fate of a skin g...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1983.tb01079.x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systems biology is the comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the interactions between all of the components of biological systems over time. Systems biology involves an iterative cycle, in which emerging biological problems drive the development of new technologies and computational tools. These technologies and ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00721.x
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein (Env) and influenza hemagglutinin (HA) are the surface glycoproteins responsible for viral entry into host cells, the first step in the virus life cycle necessary to initiate infection. These glycoproteins exhibit a high degree of sequence variability and glycosy...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12005
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complement is a humoral factor of innate immunity and plays important roles in immune surveillance and clearance of invading pathogens. Mammalian complement consists of the classical (antibody-dependent), the alternative (antibody-independent) and the lectin (triggered by mannose-binding lectin) pathways of activation...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01250.x
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than 20 years ago, immunologists discovered that resistance and susceptibility to experimental infection with the intracellular protozoan Leishmania major was associated with the development of T-helper 1 (Th1)- and Th2-dominated immune responses, respectively. This infectious disease model was later used to iden...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00983.x
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer cells are subjected to constant selection by the immune system, meaning that tumors that become clinically manifest have managed to subvert or hide from immunosurveillance. Immune control can be facilitated by induction of autophagy, as well as by polyploidization of cancer cells. While autophagy causes the rel...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12582
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thymic dendritic cells (DC) mediate negative selection at a relatively late stage of the T-cell developmental pathway. We present evidence that the development of thymic DC and of T-lineage cells is linked via a common precursor at an early stage of thymocyte development. T-lineage precursor populations from the adult...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01228.x
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophages play essential roles in tissue homeostasis, pathogen elimination, and tissue repair. A defining characteristic of these cells is their ability to efficiently adapt to a variety of abruptly changing and complex environments. This ability is intrinsically linked to a capacity to quickly alter their transcrip...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12213
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Self-tolerance is achieved by deleting or regulating self-reactive lymphocytes at a series of cellular checkpoints placed at many points along the developmental pathways to plasma cells and effector T cells. At each checkpoint, what are the molecular pathways that determine whether a lymphocyte remains quiescent, begi...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-065x.2000.00614.x
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：SUMMARY:African trypanosomes are pathogens for humans and livestock. They are single-cell, extra-cellular parasites that cause persistent infections of the blood and induce profound immunosuppression. Here, we review recent work on experimental African trypanosomiasis, especially infections with Trypanosoma congolense,...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00675.x
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Idiotypic networks, after being a dominating paradigm for more than a decade, have fallen out of fashion in parallel with the rapid success of molecular immunobiology. Today signs of a possible renaissance in idiotypic network studies are visible. For system biologists and also for physicists, the network idea remains...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00496.x
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the cancer from being eliminated by the immune system and allows disease to progress from a very early stage to a lethal state. Immunotherapies are new...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12528
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article focuses on four human carboxypeptidases (CPs): two metallo-CPs and two serine CPs. The metallo-CPs are members of the so-called B-type regulatory CP family, as they cleave only the C-terminal basic amino acids Arg or Lys. The plasma membrane-bound CPM and the mainly, but not exclusively, intracellular CPD...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01577.x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments designed to identify all HLA class I genes led to the cloning of the HLA-G gene (Geraghty et al. 1987). Very low levels of HLA-G mRNA expression have been demonstrated in the eye, thymus, peripheral blood lymphocytes and in keratinocytes (Shukla et al. 1990, Ishitani & Geraghty 1992, Kirszenbaum et al. 199...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00087.x
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bach2 is a basic region-leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor that forms heterodimers with small Maf oncoproteins and binds to target genes, thus repressing their expression. Bach2 is required for class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells. Bach2 ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12201
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) destroys tumors with infused cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Although successful in some settings, ACT is compromised due to impaired survival or functional inactivation of the CTL. To better understand the mechanisms involved, we have exploited a mouse model of leukemia expressing ovalbumi...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12433
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We review a novel strategy for tolerance induction developed in rhesus macaques and termed STEALTH. We summarize the evolution of the STEALTH model, the results of successful trials in inducing long-term, stable transplant tolerance in rhesus kidney and diabetic islet recipients and discuss information related to the ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,收录出版,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1830118.x
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clarifying the signals that lead to dendritic cell (DC) development and identifying cellular intermediates on their way to DC differentiation are essential steps to understand the dynamic regulation of number, localization, and functionality of these cells. In the past decade, much knowledge on cytokines, transcriptio...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00877.x
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For more than 25 years, it has been widely appreciated that Ca2+ influx is essential to trigger T-lymphocyte activation. Patch clamp analysis, molecular identification, and functional studies using blockers and genetic manipulation have shown that a unique contingent of ion channels orchestrates the initiation, intens...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00816.x
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, a Th1-biased autoimmune response arises spontaneously against glutamic acid decarboxylase, concurrent with the onset of insulitis. Subsequently, Th1-type autoreactivity spreads intra- and intermolecularly to other beta-cell autoantigens (beta CAAs), suggesting that a spontaneous ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01214.x
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD4(+) T lymphocytes orchestrate adaptive immune responses by differentiating into various subsets of effector T cells such as T-helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells. These subsets have been generally described by master transcription factors that dictate the expression of cytokines and receptors, which u...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12055
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eosinophils play a prominent pro-inflammatory role in allergic inflammation. Studies utilizing flow chambers, intravital video-microscopy, and cytokine and adhesion molecule-deficient mice have provided important insight into the mechanisms of eosinophil trafficking in inflamed blood vessels and into tissues in vivo. ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.790116.x
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hookworm infection is a major parasitic cause of morbidity in the developing nations of the tropics. Development of a genetically engineered vaccine would be a useful tool in the control of this infection in highly endemic areas. Recombinant polypeptides belonging to the Ancylostoma secreted protein (ASP)-1 family hav...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01347.x
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
