Abstract:
:Unique Vγ2Vδ2 (Vγ9Vδ2) T cells existing only in human and non-human primates, account for the majority of circulating γδ T cells in human adults. Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are the sole γδ T-cell subpopulation capable of recognizing the microbial (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) produced by selected pathogens during infections. Recent seminal studies in non-human primate models have demonstrated that the unique HMBPP-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are fast-acting, multi-functional, and protective during infections. This article reviews the recent seminal observations of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in protective mechanisms against tuberculosis and other infections.
journal_name
Immunol Revjournal_title
Immunological reviewsauthors
Shen L,Huang D,Qaqish A,Frencher J,Yang R,Shen H,Chen ZWdoi
10.1111/imr.12927subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-01 00:00:00pages
254-263issue
1eissn
0105-2896issn
1600-065Xjournal_volume
298pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Upon antigen recognition, T cells undergo substantial membrane and cytoskeletal rearrangements that lead to the formation of the immunological synapse and are necessary for subsequent T-cell activation. However, little is known about how membrane and cytoskeletal molecules interact during these processes. Here we disc...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.18911.x
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory disease causing high rates of hospitalizations in infants, significant morbidity in children and adults, and excess mortality in the elderly. Major barriers to vaccine development include early age of RSV infection, capacity of RSV to evade innate ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00972.x
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of T cells to respond to a wide array of foreign antigens while avoiding reactivity to self is largely determined by cellular selection of developing T cells in the thymus. While a great deal is known about the cell types and molecules involved in T-cell selection in the thymus, our understanding of the sp...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12398
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of immune cells to mediate an immune response is often triggered by potential 'danger' or 'stress' stimuli that the organism receives. Within the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family, the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) group was defined as group of kinases that activated by stimuli that ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00744.x
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD4(+) T lymphocytes orchestrate adaptive immune responses by differentiating into various subsets of effector T cells such as T-helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells. These subsets have been generally described by master transcription factors that dictate the expression of cytokines and receptors, which u...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12055
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Group 1 innate lymphocytes consist of a phenotypically, spatially, and functionally heterogeneous population of NK cells and ILC1s that are engaged during pathogen invasion. We are only beginning to understand the context-dependent roles that different subsets of group 1 innate lymphocytes play during homeostatic pert...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12710
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mice, the absence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt) expression during fetal and neonatal life provides a window in development where clones of lymphocytes are generated that provide protective immunity. Introducing premature Tdt activity interferes with the development of these clones and results in an...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells of the monocyte/macrophage system originate from the bone marrow, reach the organs via the blood, immigrate through postcapillary venules and further differentiate into organ-specific tissue macrophages. In rats and other species, activated monocytes/macrophages aggravate autoimmune reactions, rejection of non-v...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1840104.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how the integrins on leukocytes operate is important because these receptors control the activity of leukocytes in all phases of their lives. Thus integrins control leukocyte development and maturation in bone marrow, the circulation of naive cells in secondary lymphoid tissue, e.g. the lymph nodes, and ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.18614.x
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the regulation of gene expression historically focused on transcription. However, during stress and apoptosis, profound gene expression changes occur more rapidly and globally than is possible by regulating transcription. Posttranscriptional changes in mRNA processing and translation in response to diverse ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12052
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. Noncanonical K63-linked polyubiquitination plays a key regulatory role in NF-κB signaling pathways by functioning as a scaffold to recruit kinase complexes containing ubiquitin-binding domains. Ubiquitination is balanced by ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2012.01100.x
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, a Th1-biased autoimmune response arises spontaneously against glutamic acid decarboxylase, concurrent with the onset of insulitis. Subsequently, Th1-type autoreactivity spreads intra- and intermolecularly to other beta-cell autoantigens (beta CAAs), suggesting that a spontaneous ...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01214.x
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) is a highly conserved region in the cytoplasmic domain of signaling chains and receptors and is a critical mediator of intracellular signals. ITAM-mediated signals depend on the Syk or zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa tyrosine kinases, and ITAM signaling is re...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00325.x
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiotypic networks, after being a dominating paradigm for more than a decade, have fallen out of fashion in parallel with the rapid success of molecular immunobiology. Today signs of a possible renaissance in idiotypic network studies are visible. For system biologists and also for physicists, the network idea remains...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00496.x
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:SUMMARY:Interleukin-21 (IL-21) belongs to a family of cytokines that includes IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, all of which bind to private (or shared) receptors as well as the common cytokine receptor gamma-chain as a component. Most cytokines in this family are critically important for both the maintenance and func...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00631.x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of immunological tolerance is considered from the perspective of contextual discrimination, rather than self-nonself discrimination. According to the adaptive lymphocyte hypothesis, the scale of immune aggression versus tolerance can be regulated at the cell population level, but individual cells also t...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1993.tb01509.x
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genes encoding several serum complement components and the gene(s) for steroid 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) have been located in the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). All these genes are highly polymorphic in man, and these polymorphisms have been used to draw conclusions about the structure an...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1985.tb01148.x
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccines need to be rationally designed in order be delivered to the immune system for maximizing induction of dynamic immune responses. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are ideal platforms for such 3D vaccines, as they allow the display of complex and native antigens in a highly repetitive form on their surface and can ea...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12863
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have discussed some aspects of the structure of the normal immune system, particularly the B-cell compartment. We have argued: that a basic property of the natural antibody repertoire is constituted by high degrees of connectivity within the immune system as well as between the system and other components of the or...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1989.tb00028.x
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::BioBreeding (BB) rats spontaneously develop an autoimmune diabetic syndrome similar to that observed in humans and NOD mice. One of the diabetes susceptibility loci maps to the lyp locus on chromosome 4. In this article we describe the consequences of the BB rat lyp mutation on T-cell homeostasis, repertoire and funct...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1840115.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five of the 10 human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9), and four of the 12 mouse TLRs (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9) can trigger interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-lambda, which are critical for antiviral immunity. Moreover, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 differ from TLR4 in two particularly i...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00564.x
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular analysis of the Class II region of the MHC of mice and of humans has to date led to some important conclusions. These regions encode sizeable families of related loci, at least 2 alpha and 6 beta in mice and 6 alpha and 7 beta in man. In addition to the sizeable number of potential molecules that could b...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1985.tb01125.x
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:SUMMARY:African trypanosomes are pathogens for humans and livestock. They are single-cell, extra-cellular parasites that cause persistent infections of the blood and induce profound immunosuppression. Here, we review recent work on experimental African trypanosomiasis, especially infections with Trypanosoma congolense,...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00675.x
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hookworm infection is a major parasitic cause of morbidity in the developing nations of the tropics. Development of a genetically engineered vaccine would be a useful tool in the control of this infection in highly endemic areas. Recombinant polypeptides belonging to the Ancylostoma secreted protein (ASP)-1 family hav...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01347.x
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus infection is still one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, with a disproportionate human and economic burden especially in poorer countries. Despite many years of intense research, an aspect that still is not well understood is what (immune) mechanisms con...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12691
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ozone (O(3)) and endotoxin are common environmental contaminants that cause asthma exacerbation. These pollutants have similar phenotype response characteristics, including induction of neutrophilic inflammation, changes in airway macrophage immunophenotypes, and ability to enhance response to inhaled allergen. Evoked...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01035.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system is capable of recognizing and eliminating an enormous array of pathogens due to the extremely diverse antigen receptor repertoire of T and B lymphocytes. However, the development of lymphocytes bearing receptors with unique specificities requires the generation of programmed double strand breaks (DSB...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00361.x
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The innate immune system is responsible for detecting microbial invasion of the cell and for stimulating host defense countermeasures. These anti-pathogen procedures include the transcriptional activation of powerful antiviral genes such as the type I interferons (IFNs) or the triggering of inflammatory responses thro...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01051.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are chimeric proteins designed to treat cancer. They are made up of an Fv or Fab that targets an antigen on a cancer cell fused to a 38-kDa portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38). Because PE38 is a bacterial protein, it is highly immunogenic in patients with solid tumors that have nor...
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/imr.12390
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although T-cell clones bearing T-cell receptors with high affinity for self-peptide major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products are generally eliminated in the thymus (recessive tolerance), the peripheral T-cell repertoire remains strongly biased toward self-peptide MHC complexes and includes autoreactive T cells....
journal_title:Immunological reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00247.x
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00