Systems biology of innate immunity.

abstract：:In this review we address questions which must be considered if better attempts are to be made to treat all persons presently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There are thirty million people in the world presently living with HIV, only 10% of whom are likely to be able to access currently available dr...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Gotch F,Hardy G,Imami N

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：SUMMARY:B7-H3 and B7-H4 belong to a new class of immune regulatory molecules, which primarily execute their functions in peripheral tissues to fine tune immune responses in target organs. In normal circumstances, while the mRNA for both molecules is broadly distributed, tight control at the post-transcriptional level i...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Yi KH,Chen L

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the discovery that the recombination-activating gene (RAG) proteins were capable of transposition in vitro, investigators have been trying to uncover instances of transposition in vivo and understand how this transposase has been harnessed to do useful work while being inhibited from causing deleterious chromoso...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Brandt VL,Roth DB

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptive immunity has traditionally been considered a unique feature of vertebrate physiology. Unlike innate immune responses, which remain essentially unchanged upon exposure to a recurrent challenge with the same stimulus, adaptive immune cells possess the ability to learn and remember. Thus, secondary adaptive resp...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Paust S,Senman B,von Andrian UH

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inoculation of plasmid DNA is a simple way to immunize, but it is characterized by low immunogenicity, which has hampered the development of effective DNA vaccines for human use. Here, we discuss how poor immunogenicity can be solved and present our proposal: genetically programmed B lymphocytes as antigen-presenting ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Zanetti M,Castiglioni P,Rizzi M,Wheeler M,Gerloni M

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Idiotypic networks, after being a dominating paradigm for more than a decade, have fallen out of fashion in parallel with the rapid success of molecular immunobiology. Today signs of a possible renaissance in idiotypic network studies are visible. For system biologists and also for physicists, the network idea remains...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Behn U

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ozone (O(3)) and endotoxin are common environmental contaminants that cause asthma exacerbation. These pollutants have similar phenotype response characteristics, including induction of neutrophilic inflammation, changes in airway macrophage immunophenotypes, and ability to enhance response to inhaled allergen. Evoked...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Peden DB

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Work in the SCID-hu system has progressed significantly over the past 3-4 years. Reliable SCID-hu constructs can now be created for the evaluation of long-term multilineage human hematopoiesis, human immune function, and HIV infection of human hematolymphoid organs in vivo. Given these constructs, a variety of therape...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： McCune JM,Péault B,Streeter PR,Rabin L

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We first identified the RANTES chemokine as part of a search for genes expressed by T lymphocytes "late", 3-5 days, after T-cell activation. The kinetics of expression of RANTES and a small number of other genes are unusual and the mechanism of such delayed expression is unknown. In order to uncover a mechanism for su...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Song A,Nikolcheva T,Krensky AM

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The surface molecules that mediate activation of different subsets of T or NK cells have been reviewed. A suitable approach to the study of different lymphocyte activation pathways is provided by mAbs specific for these molecules. MAbs directed to the CD3 surface molecules mediate a polyclonal T-cell activation, where...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Moretta A,Ciccone E,Pantaleo G,Tambussi G,Bottino C,Melioli G,Mingari MC,Moretta L

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：SUMMARY:Interleukin-21 (IL-21) belongs to a family of cytokines that includes IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, all of which bind to private (or shared) receptors as well as the common cytokine receptor gamma-chain as a component. Most cytokines in this family are critically important for both the maintenance and func...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Ettinger R,Kuchen S,Lipsky PE

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genes encoding several serum complement components and the gene(s) for steroid 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) have been located in the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). All these genes are highly polymorphic in man, and these polymorphisms have been used to draw conclusions about the structure an...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： White PC,New MI,Dupont B

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a life-saving intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Immune restoration after ART dramatically reduces the incidence and severity of opportunistic diseases and death. On some occasions, immune restoration may be erratic, leading to acute inflammatory responses (kn...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Wilson EM,Sereti I

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptosis is an important component of normal tissue physiology, and the prompt removal of apoptotic cells is equally essential to avoid the undesirable consequences of their accumulation and disintegration. Professional phagocytes are highly specialized for engulfing apoptotic cells. The recent ability to track cells...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Blander JM

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) constitute organized lymphoid aggregates that are capable of T- and B-cell responses to inhaled antigens. BALT, located mostly at bifurcations of the bronchus in animals and humans, is present in the fetus and develops rapid...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Bienenstock J,McDermott MR

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies on autoimmune ovarian disease (AOD) induced by thymectomy on d3 (d3tx), and AOD induced by immunization with the ovary-specific zona pellucida 3 peptide (pZP3), have yielded the following results. First, female tolerance to pZP3 depends on the persistence of endogenous antigen (Ag). Second, following re...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Tung KS,Agersborg SS,Alard P,Garza KM,Lou YH

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schistosomiasis is a serious global helminthic disease, in which the main immunopathology consists of a granulomatous and fibrosing reaction against tissue-trapped parasite eggs. The severity of this inflammatory process, the product of a CD4(+) T-cell-mediated immune response against parasite egg antigens, is, howeve...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Stadecker MJ,Asahi H,Finger E,Hernandez HJ,Rutitzky LI,Sun J

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines control selective targeting of circulating leukocytes to the microvasculature by triggering inside-out signal transduction pathways leading to integrin-dependent adhesion. Integrin activation by chemokines is very rapid, is downmodulated within minutes and appears to involve both enhanced heterodimer latera...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Laudanna C,Kim JY,Constantin G,Butcher E

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure and amino acid diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR), similar in nature to that of Fab portions of antibodies, would suggest that these proteins have a nearly infinite capacity to recognize antigen. Yet all currently defined native T cells expressing an α and β chain in their TCR can only sense antigen ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Castro CD,Luoma AM,Adams EJ

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leishmania major infections induce the development of a CD4(+) T-helper 1 (Th1) response that not only controls the primary infection but also results in life-long immunity to reinfection. How that immunity is maintained is unknown, although because of the existence of infection-induced immunity, there has been an ass...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Scott P,Artis D,Uzonna J,Zaph C

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammasomes are the central signaling hubs of the inflammatory response. They process cytosolic evidence of infection, cell damage, or metabolic disturbances, and elicit a pro-inflammatory response mediated by members of the interleukin-1 family of cytokines and pyroptotoic cell death. On the molecular level, this i...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Franklin BS,Latz E,Schmidt FI

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the fundamental aspects of the innate immune system is its capacity to discriminate between self and non-self or altered self, and to quickly respond by eliciting effector mechanisms that act in concert to restore normalcy. This capacity is determined by a set of evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition rec...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Saleh M

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Negative regulation of intracellular signaling delivered by the antigen receptors and coreceptors plays an important role in lymphocyte development and activation. Recent data from our laboratory and others have identified the Cbl family of ubiquitin ligases as important negative regulators in both T-cell and B-cell a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Huang F,Gu H

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-cell development is a highly coordinated process that depends on interactions between thymocytes, thymic epithelium, and bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Before entering the peripheral T-cell pool, thymocytes are subject to negative selection, a process that eliminates (or deletes) T cells with high a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Gallegos AM,Bevan MJ

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ikaros zinc finger transcription factors are important regulators of the gene programs underlying the development of hematopoietic cell lineages. The family consists of five members: Ikaros, Helios, Aiolos, Eos, and Pegasus, which engage in both homo- and heterotypic intrafamilial interactions to exert diverse functio...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Read KA,Jones DM,Freud AG,Oestreich KJ

更新日期：2020-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:We have discussed some aspects of the structure of the normal immune system, particularly the B-cell compartment. We have argued: that a basic property of the natural antibody repertoire is constituted by high degrees of connectivity within the immune system as well as between the system and other components of the or...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Holmberg D,Andersson A,Carlsson L,Forsgren S

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Upon antigen recognition, T cells undergo substantial membrane and cytoskeletal rearrangements that lead to the formation of the immunological synapse and are necessary for subsequent T-cell activation. However, little is known about how membrane and cytoskeletal molecules interact during these processes. Here we disc...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Das V,Nal B,Roumier A,Meas-Yedid V,Zimmer C,Olivo-Marin JC,Roux P,Ferrier P,Dautry-Varsat A,Alcover A

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS), including nitric oxide, are produced in cells by a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. At high levels, both types of oxidants are used to kill ingested organisms within phagocytes. At low levels, RNOS may diffuse outside cells whe...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Swindle EJ,Metcalfe DD

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 share a common chain. Yet, their production in response to pathogens is differentially regulated, and their functions are distinct and often antithetic. IL-12 is involved in the induction or amplification of the T-helper (Th) type 1 response, whereas IL-23 has been associated with the ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Lyakh L,Trinchieri G,Provezza L,Carra G,Gerosa F

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a crucial role in orchestrating the humoral arm of adaptive immune responses. Mature Tfh cells localize to follicles in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) where they provide help to B cells in germinal centers (GCs) to facilitate immunoglobulin affinity maturation, class-switch recom...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Song W,Craft J

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00