Abstract：
:Apoptosis is an important component of normal tissue physiology, and the prompt removal of apoptotic cells is equally essential to avoid the undesirable consequences of their accumulation and disintegration. Professional phagocytes are highly specialized for engulfing apoptotic cells. The recent ability to track cells that have undergone apoptosis in situ has revealed a division of labor among the tissue resident phagocytes that sample them. Macrophages are uniquely programmed to process internalized apoptotic cell-derived fatty acids, cholesterol and nucleotides, as a reflection of their dominant role in clearing the bulk of apoptotic cells. Dendritic cells carry apoptotic cells to lymph nodes where they signal the emergence and expansion of highly suppressive regulatory CD4 T cells. A broad suppression of inflammation is executed through distinct phagocyte-specific mechanisms. A clever induction of negative regulatory nodes is notable in dendritic cells serving to simultaneously shut down multiple pathways of inflammation. Several of the genes and pathways modulated in phagocytes in response to apoptotic cells have been linked to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our collective understanding of old and new phagocyte functions after apoptotic cell phagocytosis demonstrates the enormity of ways to mediate immune suppression and enforce tissue homeostasis.
journal_name
Immunol Revjournal_title
Immunological reviewsauthors
Blander JMdoi
10.1111/imr.12537subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-01 00:00:00pages
158-173issue
1eissn
0105-2896issn
1600-065Xjournal_volume
277pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Immunologists working in the field of autoimmunity tend to concentrate all their efforts on the elucidation of possible malfunctions of the immune system, particularly pathologic changes of immune regulation. Also in the OS model various groups of investigators emphasized this approach, although it was already clear e...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1986.tb01167.x
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T-cell development primarily occurs in the thymus and involves in the interactions of many important transcription factors. Until recently, no single transcription factor has been identified to be essential for T-cell lineage commitment or maintenance of T-cell identity. Recent studies have now identified the zinc fin...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00953.x
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For more than a century, immunologists and vaccinologists have existed in parallel universes. Immunologists have for long reveled in using 'model antigens', such as chicken egg ovalbumin or nitrophenyl haptens, to study immune responses in model organisms such as mice. Such studies have yielded many seminal insights a...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12099
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DOCK8 immunodeficiency syndrome (DIDS) is a progressive combined immunodeficiency that can be distinguished from other combined immunodeficiencies or hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndromes in featuring (a) profound susceptibility to virus infections of the skin, with associated skin cancers, and (b) severe food allergies...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12723
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have discussed four specific models which provide different kinds of information about the requirements for T cell activation. The first utilized a CTL clone designated L3, which is reactive specifically with Ld alloantigen, to study the involvement of the associative recognition structure Lyt-2 in cytolysis. The a...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1984.tb01105.x
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/interleukin-12 (IL-12) pathway is a pivotal player in the immune system and is central to controlling mycobacterial infections. We highlight the most recent and relevant advances in understanding this pathway and their repercussions on basic and clinical science. Human mutations in IFN...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00227.x
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malaria, caused by the infection with parasites of the germs Plasmodium, is one of the three most important infectious diseases worldwide, along with tuberculosis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes classically involved in the early defense against viral infection...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00446.x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A successful immune response depends on the migration of lymphocytes into lymph nodes or inflamed tissues where they make contact with antigen-presenting cells. We are interested in how one member of the integrin family, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), controls the function and, in particular, the mig...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00537.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review emphasizes some of the differences between the fate of allogeneic H2-incompatible T-cells, when injected into immunodeficient, T-depleted mice, or as parental cells injected into F1 hybrids. In both conditions, allogeneic cells are eliminated, a rejection which cannot be predicted from the fate of a skin g...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1983.tb01079.x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a life-saving intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Immune restoration after ART dramatically reduces the incidence and severity of opportunistic diseases and death. On some occasions, immune restoration may be erratic, leading to acute inflammatory responses (kn...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12064
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in two-photon microscopy have provided a new way of visualizing the behavior of fluorescently tagged cells within their natural microenvironment. This technology has allowed for generating a detailed picture of the cellular interaction dynamics operant in the activation of T cells and B cells during pr...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00596.x
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An intrinsic (oncogene-driven) pathway and an extrinsic (microenvironment-driven) pathway connect inflammatory reactions and cancer. M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages and the related myeloid-derived suppressor cells are key prototypic components of smoldering inflammation driving neoplastic progression. Howeve...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00607.x
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) is a highly conserved region in the cytoplasmic domain of signaling chains and receptors and is a critical mediator of intracellular signals. ITAM-mediated signals depend on the Syk or zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa tyrosine kinases, and ITAM signaling is re...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00325.x
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the past several years, we have been studying the circulating TCR gamma delta cells expressed in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Biochemical and molecular characterization of the TCR gamma delta heterodimers present on these TCR gamma delta cells identified 3 TCR gamma proteins, V gamma 2-C gamma 1, V gamma 1.2-C ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00585.x
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccines need to be rationally designed in order be delivered to the immune system for maximizing induction of dynamic immune responses. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are ideal platforms for such 3D vaccines, as they allow the display of complex and native antigens in a highly repetitive form on their surface and can ea...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12863
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On the basis of cell surface markers, mature T cells are considered to have either a naïve or a memory phenotype. These cells exhibit distinct types of kinetic behaviour in vivo. While naïve-phenotype cells persist long term in a non-dividing state, memory-phenotype T cells include cycling cells and exhibit a more rap...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01327.x
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Work in the SCID-hu system has progressed significantly over the past 3-4 years. Reliable SCID-hu constructs can now be created for the evaluation of long-term multilineage human hematopoiesis, human immune function, and HIV infection of human hematolymphoid organs in vivo. Given these constructs, a variety of therape...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00615.x
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Probabilistic modeling is fundamental to the statistical analysis of complex data. In addition to forming a coherent description of the data-generating process, probabilistic models enable parameter inference about given datasets. This procedure is well developed in the Bayesian perspective, in which one infers probab...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12664
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have discussed some aspects of the structure of the normal immune system, particularly the B-cell compartment. We have argued: that a basic property of the natural antibody repertoire is constituted by high degrees of connectivity within the immune system as well as between the system and other components of the or...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1989.tb00028.x
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recognition of peptide presented by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule by the T-cell receptor (TCR) determines T-cell selection, development, differentiation, fate, and function. Despite intensive studies on the structures, thermodynamic properties, kinetic rates, and affinities of TCR-pMHC interacti...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12016
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The processes of T-cell development and activation employ similar immature and mature receptors as well as similar signal transduction pathways to achieve different outcomes. Many signaling molecules are shared between the receptor signaling pathways, including two families of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases, the...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01238.x
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies on autoimmune ovarian disease (AOD) induced by thymectomy on d3 (d3tx), and AOD induced by immunization with the ovary-specific zona pellucida 3 peptide (pZP3), have yielded the following results. First, female tolerance to pZP3 depends on the persistence of endogenous antigen (Ag). Second, following re...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1820111.x
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The H-2 restricted nature of the cytotoxic T cell responses to the HY antigen in mice has been reviewed, together with mapping data for the H-2 K and/or D association of responses to male cells of the following haplotypes: H-2b, H-2d, H-2k, H-2s. Ir gene complementation is implicated in the HY response of a number of ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1977.tb00235.x
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The structure and amino acid diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR), similar in nature to that of Fab portions of antibodies, would suggest that these proteins have a nearly infinite capacity to recognize antigen. Yet all currently defined native T cells expressing an α and β chain in their TCR can only sense antigen ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imr.12327
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Germinal centers (GCs) are specialized microenvironments formed after infection where activated B cells can mutate their B-cell receptors to undergo affinity maturation. A stringent process of selection allows high affinity, non-self-reactive B cells to become long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells. While the prec...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00937.x
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solid tumor therapy with chemotherapeutics greatly depends on the efficiency with which drugs are delivered to tumor cells. The typical characteristics of the tumor physiology promote but also appose accumulation of blood-borne agents. The leaky tumor vasculature allows easy passage of drugs. However, the disorganized...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00619.x
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The innate immune system is responsible for detecting microbial invasion of the cell and for stimulating host defense countermeasures. These anti-pathogen procedures include the transcriptional activation of powerful antiviral genes such as the type I interferons (IFNs) or the triggering of inflammatory responses thro...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01051.x
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Superantigens (SAGs) are a class of disease-causing and immunostimulatory proteins of bacterial or viral origin that activate T cells by binding to the V beta domain of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). The three-dimensional structure of the complex between a TCR beta chain (mouse V beta 8.2-J beta 2.1-C beta 1) and ...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01196.x
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of its intrinsic virulence, Toxoplasma gondii induces a potent interleukin-12 (IL-12)-dependent cell-mediated immune response that shuts down the growth of the replicative tachyzoite stage, thus promoting host survival and successful transmission through predation. At the same time, this response must be tight...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00179.x
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The endosomal pathway of antigen presentation leads to the display of peptides on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules at the cell surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The pathway involves two major steps, invariant chain degradation and antigen processing, which take place in the late endo...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00310.x
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
