abstract：:Occupational and environmental exposures contribute to the development and progression of most lung diseases, yet their impact is greatly under-recognized in clinical practice. Clinicians caring for patients with respiratory diseases should maintain a high index of suspicion for occupational and environmental contribu...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： James E,Linde B,Redlich CA

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selected occupational populations are at the highest risk of lung cancer, because they smoke at increased rates and are concurrently exposed to workplace lung carcinogens. Low-dose computed tomography (CT)-based lung cancer screening has an enormous potential to reduce lung cancer mortality in these populations, as sh...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Markowitz SB,Dickens B

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung function testing has undisputed value in the comprehensive assessment and individualized management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a pathologic condition in which a functional abnormality, poorly reversible expiratory airway obstruction, is at the core of its definition. After an overview of the physio...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Neder JA,de-Torres JP,Milne KM,O'Donnell DE

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), when used in combination with long-acting bronchodilators, reduce the risk of exacerbations and improve health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with bronchodilator or ICS therapy alone. Potential side effects of ICSs include ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Mkorombindo T,Dransfield MT

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-small cell lung cancer with very limited extent of metastatic spread commonly is termed, oligometastatic disease (OMD), and typically described as no more than 3 to 5 lesions. Definitive local therapy potentially leads to significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival. OMD may occur de n...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： West H

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung cancer can be diagnosed based on histologic biopsy or cytologic specimens. The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Lung Tumors addressed the diagnosis of lung cancer in resection specimens and in small biopsies and cytology specimens. For these small specimens, diagnostic terms and criteria are recom...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Travis WD

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biologic drugs have revolutionized the treatment of certain hematologic, autoimmune, and malignant diseases, but they may place patients at risk for reactivation or acquisition of tuberculosis. This risk is highest with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors. Amongst this class of drugs, the monoclonal ant...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Godfrey MS,Friedman LN

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditional tuberculosis (TB) infection control focuses on the known patient with TB, usually on appropriate treatment. A refocused, intensified TB infection control approach is presented. Combined with active case finding and rapid molecular diagnostics, an approach called FAST is described as a convenient way to cal...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Nardell EA

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is commonly associated with pulmonary disease that can affect any anatomic compartment of the thorax. The most common intrathoracic manifestations of RA include interstitial lung disease, airway disease, pleural disease, rheumatoid nodules, and drug-induced toxicity. Patients with RA with tho...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Esposito AJ,Chu SG,Madan R,Doyle TJ,Dellaripa PF

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on experimental and clinical biomarkers of autoimmunity and aims to highlight important aspects of the immunologic evaluation of a patient with fibrotic lung disease. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Tzouvelekis A,Karampitsakos T,Bouros E,Tzilas V,Liossis SN,Bouros D

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dlco) remains the only noninvasive pulmonary function test to provide an integrated picture of gas exchange efficiency in human lungs. Due to its critical dependence on the accessible "alveolar" volume (Va), there remains substantial misunderstanding on the interpretation o...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Neder JA,Berton DC,Muller PT,O'Donnell DE

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heart and lungs are intimately linked. Hence, impaired function of one organ may lead to changes in the other. Accordingly, heart failure is associated with airway obstruction, loss of lung volume, impaired gas exchange, and abnormal ventilatory control. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is an excellent tool for ev...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Cundrle I Jr,Olson LJ,Johnson BD

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Corticosteroids are the most effective treatment for asthma; inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the first-line treatment for children and adults with persistent symptoms. ICSs are associated with significant improvements in lung function. The anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids are mediated by both genomic an...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Ramadan AA,Gaffin JM,Israel E,Phipatanakul W

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is a major risk factor for asthma. This association appears related to altered dietary composition and metabolic factors that can directly affect airway reactivity and airway inflammation. This article discusses how specific changes in the western diet and metabolic changes associated with the obese state affe...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Dixon AE,Holguin F

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. However, pneumonia is an unusual outcome of respiratory infection. Most of the time, microbes in the lung can be controlled by a combination of constitutive and recruited defense mechanisms. Inflammation is a key component of recruited defenses. Variations in...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Mizgerd JP

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two recent major guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) recommend consideration of local antibiotic resistance patterns and individual patient risks for resistant pathogens when formulating an initial empiric antibiotic regimen. One recommends against invasive diagnostic techniq...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Metersky ML,Kalil AC

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary embolism remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, with improved recognition and diagnosis, the risk of death diminishes. The diagnosis depends on the clinician's suspicion. Pulmonary emboli are categorized into low, intermediate, or high risk based on the scoring scal...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Islam EA,Winn RE,Test V

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gas exchange between the atmosphere and the human body depends on the lungs and the function of the respiratory pump. The respiratory pump consists of the respiratory control center located in the brain, bony rib cage, diaphragm, and intercostal, accessory, and abdominal muscles. A variety of muscles serve to fine-tun...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Benditt JO

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome has been noted for centuries, yet we still are trying to uncover the exact mechanisms behind the disease and best treatment modalities for patients afflicted by the condition. The syndrome, which results in symptoms based on a diverse spectrum of interactions between obesity, ventilato...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Iftikhar IH,Roland J

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endobronchial ablative therapies, such as mechanical debulking, laser therapy, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation, cryotherapy, brachytherapy, photodynamic therapy, microdebrider bronchoscopy, resector balloon deobstruction, and intratumoral chemotherapy, are performed through a rigid or flexible bronchoscope in...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Bilaçeroğlu S

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current advances in guided bronchoscopy methods permit minimally invasive access to essentially any area of the lungs. This provides a potential means to treat patients with localized lung malignancies who might not otherwise tolerate conventional treatment, which commonly relies on surgical resection. Ablation method...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Hsia DW,Musani AI

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory viruses are common in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and a recognized cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Epidemiology, risk factors, and attributable mortality in both populations are reviewed. In addition, virus-specific prevention and treatment options, including...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Paulsen GC,Danziger-Isakov L

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal pneumonias cause unacceptable morbidity among patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The high incidence of fungal pneumonias in HM/HSCT populations arises from their frequently severe, complex, and persistent immune dysfunction caused by the...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Young AY,Leiva Juarez MM,Evans SE

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral pneumonia is a common complication for patients with hematologic malignancies and after hematopoietic cell transplantation causing significant morbidity, and often mortality. Infections are predominantly caused by herpes viruses, either by reactivation of latent infection, or less commonly primary infection, or ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Green ML

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis has become the standard for viral pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections. Expansion of respiratory viral panels (RVPs) outside of influenza and, possibly, respiratory syncytial virus has led to the ability to diagnose viral infections for which no approved specific a...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Wunderink RG

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews aspects of mechanical ventilation in patients without lung injury, patients in the perioperative period, and those with neurologic injury or disease including spinal cord injury. Specific emphasis is placed on ventilator strategies, including timing and indications for tracheostomy. Lung protectiv...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Bowton DL,Scott LK

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the accumulation of surfactant in alveoli and terminal airways resulting in respiratory failure. PAP comprises part of a spectrum of disorders of surfactant homeostasis (clearance and production). The surfactant production disorders are caused by...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Suzuki T,Trapnell BC

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated serum IgE has many etiologies including parasitic infection, allergy and asthma, malignancy, and immune dysregulation. The hyper-IgE syndromes caused by mutations in STAT3, DOCK8, and PGM3 are monogenic primary immunodeficiencies associated with high IgE, eczema, and recurrent infections. These primary immuno...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Freeman AF,Olivier KN

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Early Goal-Directed Therapy versus Standard Care for Sepsis trial by Rivers and colleagues in 2001 suggested that a significant mortality reduction may be realized through goal-directed interventions early in the care of patients with septic shock. However, the recent publication of the Protocol-Based Care for Ear...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Henning DJ,Shapiro NI

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition and management of agitation, delirium, and pain are key areas. Reduced use of sedatives is an important measure that must be coupled with increased patient engagement, mobilization, and exercise. Use of low tidal volumes and low mean airway pressures during mechanical ventilation is helpful. A key hemodyna...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Gelinas JP,Walley KR

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are important emerging cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens, with estimates of prevalence ranging from 6% to 13%. Diagnosis of NTM disease in patients with CF is challenging, as the infection may remain indolent in some, without evidence of clinical consequence, whereas other patients suffe...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Martiniano SL,Nick JA,Daley CL

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies suggest clinically manifest cardiac involvement occurs in 5% of patients with pulmonary/systemic sarcoidosis. The principal manifestations of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) are conduction abnormalities, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure. Data indicate that an 20% to 25% of patients with pulmonary/systemic s...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Birnie D,Ha AC,Gula LJ,Chakrabarti S,Beanlands RS,Nery P

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ICU-acquired weakness is a common problem and carries significant morbidity. Despite evidence that early mobility can mitigate this, implementation outside of the research setting is lagging. Understanding barriers at the systems as well as individual level is a crucial step in successful implementation of an ICU mobi...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Honiden S,Connors GR

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thoracic imaging is widely used to detect lower respiratory tract infections, identify their complications, and aid in differentiating infectious from noninfectious thoracic disease. Less commonly, the combination of imaging findings and a clinical setting can favor infection with a specific organism. This confluence ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Ketai L,Jordan K,Busby KH

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) include a diverse group of species. We address the treatment of the most commonly isolated RGM-M abscessus complex, M fortuitum, and M chelonae. The M abscessus complex is composed of 3 closely related species: M abscessus senso stricto (hereafter M abscessus), M massiliense, and M b...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kasperbauer SH,De Groote MA

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our ability to define appropriate molecular targets for preclinical development and develop better methods needs to be improved, to determine the clinical value of novel acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) agents. Clinical trials must have realistic sample sizes and meaningful end points and use the available o...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Curley GF,McAuley DF

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleep-related breathing disorder or sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses central sleep apnea (CSA), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and sleep-related hypoventilation or hypoxemic syndromes. SDB is common in neurologic conditions that affect the central and/or peripheral nervous systems. Patients with neurologic...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Deak MC,Kirsch DB

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comprehensive assessment is the foundation of a successful pulmonary rehabilitation programme. There is a broad selection of outcome measures that tend to be categorized into measures of exercise performance (including measures of strength) quality of life (health status), psychological well-being, nutritional statu...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Singh S

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although primarily a lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is now recognized to have extrapulmonary effects on distal organs, the so-called systemic effects and comorbidities of COPD. Skeletal muscle dysfunction, nutritional abnormalities including weight loss, cardiovascular complications, metabo...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Choudhury G,Rabinovich R,MacNee W

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As parenchymal lung disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease becomes increasingly severe there is a diminishing prospect of drug therapies conferring clinically useful benefit. Lung volume reduction surgery is effective in patients with heterogenous upper zone emphysema and reduced exercise tolerance, and is p...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Murphy PB,Zoumot Z,Polkey MI

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00