Abstract：
:Traditional tuberculosis (TB) infection control focuses on the known patient with TB, usually on appropriate treatment. A refocused, intensified TB infection control approach is presented. Combined with active case finding and rapid molecular diagnostics, an approach called FAST is described as a convenient way to call attention to the untreated patient. Natural ventilation is the mainstay of air disinfection in much of the world. Germicidal ultraviolet technology is the most sustainable approach to air disinfection under resource-limited conditions. Testing and treatment of latent TB infection works to prevent reactivation but requires greater risk targeting in both low- and high-risk settings.
journal_name
Clin Chest Medjournal_title
Clinics in chest medicineauthors
Nardell EAdoi
10.1016/j.ccm.2019.07.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-01 00:00:00pages
857-869issue
4eissn
0272-5231issn
1557-8216pii
S0272-5231(19)30063-2journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This article reviews the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the abnormal pulmonary gas exchange often seen in patients with cirrhosis. To summarize, the following keypoints seem appropriate: (1) Patients with cirrhosis have a low pulmonary vascular tone characterized by a poor or absent hypoxic pressor respo...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70298-7
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tobacco dependency syndrome is an organic disease caused by chronic use of inhaled tobacco smoke. It is occasionally controlled by willpower alone, but often requires pharmacotherapy in conjunction with various techniques to manage the psychological manifestations. The two effective drugs are bupropion, which is an or...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70018-6
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the basic principles of drug treatment of tuberculosis, individual pharmacologic agents, current treatment recommendations, and several special situations that clinicians are likely to encounter in medical practice. ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2005.02.011
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gas exchange between the atmosphere and the human body depends on the lungs and the function of the respiratory pump. The respiratory pump consists of the respiratory control center located in the brain, bony rib cage, diaphragm, and intercostal, accessory, and abdominal muscles. A variety of muscles serve to fine-tun...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2018.01.011
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory viruses are common in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and a recognized cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Epidemiology, risk factors, and attributable mortality in both populations are reviewed. In addition, virus-specific prevention and treatment options, including...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2017.07.012
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article review available strategies for mechanically ventilating patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The authors first present the conventional strategies of mechanical ventilation: volume-limited mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at normal inspiratory-expirato...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viral pneumonia is a common complication for patients with hematologic malignancies and after hematopoietic cell transplantation causing significant morbidity, and often mortality. Infections are predominantly caused by herpes viruses, either by reactivation of latent infection, or less commonly primary infection, or ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2016.12.009
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacologic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) differs from that of asthma in several respects. Oral therapy should be the keystone, using a long-acting theophylline or a beta 2-sympathomimetic agent. The addition of a metered dose inhalant aerosol provides additive benefit with low toxici...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spectrum of HIV-associated pulmonary diseases is broad. Opportunistic infections, neoplasms, and noninfectious complications are all major considerations. Clinicians caring for persons infected with HIV must have a systematic approach. The approach begins with a thorough history and physical examination and often ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2013.02.005
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), when used in combination with long-acting bronchodilators, reduce the risk of exacerbations and improve health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with bronchodilator or ICS therapy alone. Potential side effects of ICSs include ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2020.05.006
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article focuses on thoracoscopy for pleural procedures, both diagnostic and therapeutic, and discusses whether there is a difference between pleuroscopy and thoracoscopy or video-assisted thoracic surgery. How thinking should be structured regarding the management of pleural disease in the modern context of avail...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2012.12.002
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Available data show that Africa, together with the Americas and western and central Europe, reported the lowest prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, sub-Saharan Africa has a high TB incidence and the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in the world, and because of the hig...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2009.08.019
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our understanding of chronic bronchitis has been hampered by the fact that the diagnosis is based upon historical evidence of recurrent cough and sputum without any requirement that certain physiologic or microscopic criteria be met. Despite the fact that epidemiological studies have implicated viruses, bacteria, and ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current advances in guided bronchoscopy methods permit minimally invasive access to essentially any area of the lungs. This provides a potential means to treat patients with localized lung malignancies who might not otherwise tolerate conventional treatment, which commonly relies on surgical resection. Ablation method...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2017.11.014
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Military personnel can be exposed to toxicants and conditions that can contribute to lung diseases. This article describes what is known about these exposures and diseases, focusing on the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Adverse lung health outcomes have been reported in US military personnel deployed to Iraq and/or Afghan...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2012.09.001
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corticosteroids are the most effective treatment for asthma; inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the first-line treatment for children and adults with persistent symptoms. ICSs are associated with significant improvements in lung function. The anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids are mediated by both genomic an...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2018.10.010
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditionally, a subset of patients diagnosed as having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had positive results on cellular biopsies (prominent lymphoplasmacytic inflammation), bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis, a clinical response to steroids, and a better long-term prognosis. On review of the lung histopathology, the ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2011.11.003
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptospirosis is a worldwide disease. In this time of globalization knowledge about leptospirosis is important. Although pulmonary involvement has an incidence varying from 20% to 70% and its exteriorization may vary from mild to severe, The severe form appears to be becoming more prevalent (at least in Brazil) and ma...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(01)00010-7
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lung function testing has undisputed value in the comprehensive assessment and individualized management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a pathologic condition in which a functional abnormality, poorly reversible expiratory airway obstruction, is at the core of its definition. After an overview of the physio...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2020.06.004
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are important emerging cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens, with estimates of prevalence ranging from 6% to 13%. Diagnosis of NTM disease in patients with CF is challenging, as the infection may remain indolent in some, without evidence of clinical consequence, whereas other patients suffe...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2015.11.001
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH), are unusually prevalent among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Often these disease states are identified at younger ages than would be expected in the general population. Recent epide...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2013.01.010
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since last reviewed in this forum, there have been remarkable advances in our understanding of the acute inflammatory process and how it contributes to the development of ALI. As stated in the beginning of this article, it is not possible to even begin to review all the specific advances that have been made. Instead, ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70159-3
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Controversy over the use of inhaled beta-agonists has dated almost from their introduction as a treatment for asthma. Their effectiveness as bronchodilators is not disputed, but there is concern that they may worsen asthma control if used regularly and that excessive use may increase the risk of death from asthma. Fiv...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors' data show a higher rate of pleural and meningeal involvement among extrapulmonary TB cases than expected by previous works. Special attention should be given to tuberculous meningitis cases among all extrapulmonary TB cases because of its high mortality rate. The most common extrapulmonary involvement is ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(02)00002-3
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood gas analyses are an essential part of modern patient care. Although all blood gas instruments have pH, PCO2, and PO2 electrodes based on the same principles, instruments in current use vary greatly in design, operator dependence, and accuracy. For the clinician to obtain accurate and timely results there must be...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review focuses on the top ten causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), updating an earlier study. These pathogens have specific risk factors, different patterns of clinical resolution, and a wide range of attributable mortality. The discussion herein analyzes these aspects, placing particular emphasis on ...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccm.2004.10.017
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with MAC-PD and pre-existing lung disease are a distinct group from the more common and recently recognized group of predominantly middle- to older-aged women without pre-existing lung disease. Those with pre-existing disease are expected to have more sputum positivity and slower conversion of sputum with tre...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-5231(02)00022-9
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prophylaxis for DVT unequivocally is beneficial in patients identified to be at high risk. Heparin prophylaxis with subcutaneous low-dose UFH is adequate in some clinical settings but less effective in others. LMWH preparations are effective and safe as prophylaxis in certain medical patients as well as in general sur...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonresolving pneumonia is a common and frequently misunderstood problem faced by the practicing pulmonologist. While radiographic resolution of most infections is relatively long and lags behind clinical signs of recovery, data suggest that a variety of host defense problems are a consequence of systemic illness and a...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with diagnosed or suspected lung cancer first require appropriate staging and proven anatomic resectability. Excellent pre-operative spirometric data (FEV1 > 2.0 L, > 60% predicted) should recommend the patient for surgery immediately without further testing. Those whose preoperative FEV1 is less than 60% pre...
journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
