解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can stratify populations into cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk groups. We aimed to quantify the potential advantage of adding information on PRSs to conventional risk factors in the primary prevention of CVD. METHODS AND FINDINGS:Using data from UK Biobank on 306,654 individual...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003498
更新日期:2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with multimorbidities have the greatest healthcare needs and generate the highest expenditure in the health system. There is an increasing focus on identifying specific disease combinations for addressing poor outcomes. Existing research has identified a small number of prevalent "clusters" in the g...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003514
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Effective implementation strategies are needed to increase engagement in HIV services in hyperendemic settings. We conducted a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial in a high-risk, highly mobile fishing community (HIV prevalence: approximately 38%) in Rakai, Uganda, to assess the impact of a community health wo...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003475
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003293.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003517
更新日期:2020-12-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Animal studies suggest vital roles of sphingolipids, especially ceramides, in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) via pathways involved in insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and inflammation, but human studies are limited. We aimed to evaluate the associations of circulating sphingolipids with inc...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003451
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The risk of perinatal death and severe neonatal morbidity increases gradually after 41 weeks of pregnancy. Several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed if induction of labour (IOL) in uncomplicated pregnancies at 41 weeks will improve perinatal outcomes. We performed an individual participant da...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003436
更新日期:2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:trans-fatty acids (TFAs) are a well-known risk factor of ischemic heart disease (IHD). In Australia, the highest TFA intake is concentrated to the most socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Elimination of industrial TFA (iTFA) from the Australian food supply could result in reduced IHD mortality and morbid...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003407
更新日期:2020-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Midwifery continuity of care is the only health system intervention shown to reduce preterm birth (PTB) and improve perinatal survival, but no trial evidence exists for women with identified risk factors for PTB. We aimed to assess feasibility, fidelity, and clinical outcomes of a model of midwifery continui...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003350
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Identifying stage II patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) at higher risk of progression is a clinical priority in order to optimize the advantages of adjuvant chemotherapy while avoiding unnecessary toxicity. Recently, the intensity and the quality of the host immune response in the tumor microenvironment h...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003292
更新日期:2020-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is growing concern that racial and ethnic minority communities around the world are experiencing a disproportionate burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated racial and ethnic disparities in patterns of COVI...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003379
更新日期:2020-09-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lifetime glycemic exposure and its relationship with age at diagnosis in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are unknown. Pharmacologic glycemic management strategies for young-onset T2D (age at diagnosis <40 years) are poorly defined. We studied how age at diagnosis affects glycemic exposure, glycemic deterioration, and ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003316
更新日期:2020-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Nina Finley and co-authors discuss public involvement in planning and reporting medical research. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003246
更新日期:2020-09-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:At the beginning of June 2020, there were nearly 7 million reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide and over 400,000 deaths in people with COVID-19. The objective of this study was to determine associations between comorbidities listed in the Charlson comorbidity index and mortality am...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003321
更新日期:2020-09-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Experimental and observational research has suggested the potential for increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among populations taking statins for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, few studies have directly compared statin-associated benefits and harms or exami...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003280
更新日期:2020-08-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In common with many other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), rural to urban migrants in India are at increased risk of obesity, but it is unclear whether this is due to increased energy intake, reduced energy expenditure, or both. Knowing this and the relative contribution of specific dietary and phys...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003234
更新日期:2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In June 2016, the first phase of the Chilean Food Labelling and Advertising Law that mandated front-of-package warning labels and marketing restrictions for unhealthy foods and beverages was implemented. We assess foods and beverages reformulation after this initial implementation. METHODS AND FINDINGS:A da...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003220
更新日期:2020-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease whereby there is often deterioration in glucose control despite escalation in treatment. There is significant heterogeneity to this progression of glycemia after onset of diabetes, yet the factors that influence glycemic progression are not well understood. Give...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003209
更新日期:2020-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Growing prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the ageing population and its associated life-changing health and resource implications have led to a need to improve its early detection. Primary care is an ideal place to screen for AF; however, this is limited by shortages in general practitioner (GP) reso...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003197
更新日期:2020-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tissue advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulation has been proposed as a marker of cumulative metabolic stress that can be assessed noninvasively by measurement of skin autofluorescence (SAF). In persons on haemodialysis, SAF is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events (CVEs) and all-cause...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003163
更新日期:2020-07-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with unprovoked (i.e., without the presence of apparent transient risk factors such as recent surgery) venous thromboembolism (VTE) are at risk of recurrence if anticoagulants are stopped after 3-6 months, yet their risk remains heterogeneous. Thus, prolonging anticoagulant treatment should be consi...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003142
更新日期:2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Policymakers worldwide are considering requiring warnings for sugary drinks. A growing number of experimental studies have examined sugary drink warnings' impacts, but no research to our knowledge has synthesized this literature. To inform ongoing policy debates, this study aimed to identify the effects of s...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003120
更新日期:2020-05-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale requires treatment with primaquine or tafenoquine to clear dormant liver stages. Either drug can induce haemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, necessitating screening. The reference diagnostic method for G6PD activ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003084
更新日期:2020-05-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Temporary labor migration is an increasingly important mode of migration that generates substantial remittance flows, but raises important concerns for migrant well-being. The migration and health literature has seen a growing call for longitudinal, binational surveys that compare migrants to relevant non-mi...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003081
更新日期:2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In South Africa, within-country migration is common. Mobility affects many of the factors in the pathway for entry to or retention in care among people living with HIV. We characterized the patterns of migration (i.e., change in residency) among peripartum women from rural South Africa and their association ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003085
更新日期:2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fibre is promoted as part of a healthy dietary pattern and in diabetes management. We have considered the role of high-fibre diets on mortality and increasing fibre intake on glycaemic control and other cardiometabolic risk factors of adults with prediabetes or diabetes. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We conducted a ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003053
更新日期:2020-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::Christian Lienhardt and co-authors discuss the conclusions of the PLOS Medicine Collection on advances in clinical trial design for development of new tuberculosis treatments. ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003059
更新日期:2020-02-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HVTN 100 evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of an HIV subtype C pox-protein vaccine regimen, investigating a 12-month booster to extend vaccine-induced immune responses. METHODS AND FINDINGS:A phase 1-2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial enrolled 252 participants (210 vaccine/42 placebo; ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003038
更新日期:2020-02-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is very limited data on the time trend of diabetes incidence in Asia. Using population-level data, we report the secular trend of the incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong between 2002 and 2015. METHODS AND FINDINGS:The Hong Kong Diabetes Surveillance Database hosts clinical information...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003052
更新日期:2020-02-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The disease burden attributable to mental health problems and to excess or harmful alcohol use is considerable. Despite a strong relationship between these 2 important factors in population health, there are few studies quantifying the mortality risk associated with their co-occurrence in the general populat...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003030
更新日期:2020-02-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It remains unclear when standard systematic reviews and meta-analyses that rely on published aggregate data (AD) can provide robust clinical conclusions. We aimed to compare the results from a large cohort of systematic reviews and meta-analyses based on individual participant data (IPD) with meta-analyses o...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003019
更新日期:2020-01-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Suboptimal weight gain during pregnancy is a potentially modifiable risk factor. We aimed to investigate the association between suboptimal gestational weight gain and severe adverse birth outcomes by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories, including obesity class I to III. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We c...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003009
更新日期:2019-12-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In patients treated with cardiotoxic chemotherapies, the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and previous cardiac disease have been strongly correlated to the onset of cardiotoxicity. The influence of overweight and obesity as risk factors in the development of treatment-related cardiotoxicity in breast ...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002989
更新日期:2019-12-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To reduce the risk of drug-induced haemolysis, all patients should be tested for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (G6PDd) prior to prescribing primaquine (PQ)-based radical cure for the treatment of vivax malaria. This systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis assessed the uti...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002992
更新日期:2019-12-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Published research on prescribed opioid analgesic (POA) use during pregnancy and birth outcomes is limited in scope and has not adequately adjusted for potential confounding factors. To help address these gaps, we estimated associations between maternal POAs during pregnancy and two adverse birth outcomes us...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002980
更新日期:2019-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Puberty is a critical period for bone mass accrual, and late puberty in boys is associated with reduced bone mass in adult men. The role of variations in pubertal timing within the normal range for adult fracture risk in men is, however, unknown. We, therefore, assessed the association between age at peak he...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002986
更新日期:2019-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rare diseases affect as many as 60 million people in the United States and Europe. However, most rare diseases lack effective therapies and are in critical need of clinical research. Our objective was to determine the frequency of noncompletion and nonpublication of trials studying rare diseases. METHODS AN...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002966
更新日期:2019-11-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Opioid misuse and deaths are increasing in the United States. In 2017, Ohio had the second highest overdose rates in the US, with the city of Cincinnati experiencing a 50% rise in opioid overdoses since 2015. Understanding the temporal and geographic variation in overdose emergencies may help guide public po...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002956
更新日期:2019-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prescription opioid misuse has become a leading cause of unintentional injury and death among adolescents and young adults in the United States. However, there is limited information on how adolescents and young adults obtain prescription opioids. There are also inadequate recent data on the prevalence of ad...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002922
更新日期:2019-11-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Whole genome sequencing provides better delineation of transmission clusters in Mycobacterium tuberculosis than traditional methods. However, its ability to reveal individual transmission links within clusters is limited. Here, we used a 2-step approach based on Bayesian transmission reconstruction to (1) id...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002961
更新日期:2019-10-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nutritional supplements may improve development of infants born small (preterm or small for gestational age [SGA]) but may increase the risk of later metabolic disease. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of macronutrient supplements for infants born small on later develo...
journal_title:PLoS medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002952
更新日期:2019-10-30 00:00:00