abstract：:Small open reading frames (smORFs) and their encoded microproteins play central roles in microbes. However, there is a vast unexplored space of smORFs within human-associated microbes. A recent bioinformatic analysis used evolutionary conservation signals to enhance prediction of small protein families. To facilitate ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Durrant MG,Bhatt AS

更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses through evolution of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) poses a significant obstacle to polio eradication. Understanding the early genetic changes that occur as OPV evolves and transmits is important for preventing future outbreaks. Here, we use deep sequencing to de...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Valesano AL,Taniuchi M,Fitzsimmons WJ,Islam MO,Ahmed T,Zaman K,Haque R,Wong W,Famulare M,Lauring AS

更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Studying the microbial composition of internal organs and their associations with disease remains challenging due to the difficulty of acquiring clinical biopsies. We designed a statistical model to analyze the prevalence of species across sample types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), revealing that species equipr...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Dohlman AB,Arguijo Mendoza D,Ding S,Gao M,Dressman H,Iliev ID,Lipkin SM,Shen X

更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Eradication of pathogens from the bloodstream is critical to prevent disseminated infections and sepsis. Kupffer cells in the liver form an intravascular firewall that captures and clears pathogens from the blood. Here, we show that the catching and killing of circulating pathogens by Kupffer cells in vivo are promote...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： McDonald B,Zucoloto AZ,Yu IL,Burkhard R,Brown K,Geuking MB,McCoy KD

更新日期：2020-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:In 2014, an outbreak of avian A/H10N7 influenza virus occurred among seals along North-European coastal waters, significantly impacting seal populations. Here, we examine the cross-species transmission and mammalian adaptation of this influenza A virus, revealing changes in the hemagglutinin surface protein that incre...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Herfst S,Zhang J,Richard M,McBride R,Lexmond P,Bestebroer TM,Spronken MIJ,de Meulder D,van den Brand JM,Rosu ME,Martin SR,Gamblin SJ,Xiong X,Peng W,Bodewes R,van der Vries E,Osterhaus ADME,Paulson JC,Skehel JJ,Fouch

更新日期：2020-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) can play a crucial role in the generation of new human pandemic viruses. In this study, in-depth passive surveillance comprising nearly 2,500 European swine holdings and more than 18,000 individual samples identified a year-round presence of up to four major swIAV lineages on more th...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Henritzi D,Petric PP,Lewis NS,Graaf A,Pessia A,Starick E,Breithaupt A,Strebelow G,Luttermann C,Parker LMK,Schröder C,Hammerschmidt B,Herrler G,Beilage EG,Stadlbauer D,Simon V,Krammer F,Wacheck S,Pesch S,Schwemmle M

更新日期：2020-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The ecological dynamics underlying the coexistence between antagonistic populations of bacteria and their viruses, bacteriophages (phages), in the mammalian gut microbiota remain poorly understood. We challenged a murine synthetic bacterial community with phages to study the factors allowing phages-bacteria coexistenc...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Lourenço M,Chaffringeon L,Lamy-Besnier Q,Pédron T,Campagne P,Eberl C,Bérard M,Stecher B,Debarbieux L,De Sordi L

更新日期：2020-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccines are the most effective means available for preventing infectious diseases. However, vaccine-induced immune responses are highly variable between individuals and between populations in different regions of the world. Understanding the basis of this variation is, thus, of fundamental importance to human health....

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： de Jong SE,Olin A,Pulendran B

更新日期：2020-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Lifestyle, obesity, and the gut microbiome are important risk factors for metabolic disorders. We demonstrate in 1,976 subjects of a German population cohort (KORA) that specific microbiota members show 24-h oscillations in their relative abundance and identified 13 taxa with disrupted rhythmicity in type 2 diabetes (...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Reitmeier S,Kiessling S,Clavel T,List M,Almeida EL,Ghosh TS,Neuhaus K,Grallert H,Linseisen J,Skurk T,Brandl B,Breuninger TA,Troll M,Rathmann W,Linkohr B,Hauner H,Laudes M,Franke A,Le Roy CI,Bell JT,Spector T,Bau

更新日期：2020-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The human microbiome encodes extensive metabolic capabilities, but our understanding of the mechanisms linking gut microbes to human metabolism remains limited. Here, we focus on the conversion of cholesterol to the poorly absorbed sterol coprostanol by the gut microbiota to develop a framework for the identification ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Kenny DJ,Plichta DR,Shungin D,Koppel N,Hall AB,Fu B,Vasan RS,Shaw SY,Vlamakis H,Balskus EP,Xavier RJ

更新日期：2020-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, two papers by Osuna et al. describe the characterization of AcrIIA1, an anti-CRISPR protein distributed widely among Listeria phages. AcrIIA1 functions as an anti-CRISPR and as a dynamic repressor of acr loci, suggesting it may play an important role in lysogeny. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Johnson WE

更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The Salmonella enterica effector SteD depletes mature MHC class II (mMHCII) molecules from the surface of infected antigen-presenting cells through ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tail of the mMHCII β chain. Here, through a genome-wide mutant screen of human antigen-presenting cells, we show that the NEDD4 family HE...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Alix E,Godlee C,Cerny O,Blundell S,Tocci R,Matthews S,Liu M,Pruneda JN,Swatek KN,Komander D,Sleap T,Holden DW

更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Trypanosomiasis is a devastating neglected tropical disease affecting livestock and humans. Humans are susceptible to two Trypanosoma brucei subspecies but protected from other trypanosomes by circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) complexes called trypanosome lytic factors (TLFs) 1 and 2. TLFs contain apolipoprot...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Verdi J,Zipkin R,Hillman E,Gertsch RA,Pangburn SJ,Thomson R,Papavasiliou N,Sternberg J,Raper J

更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems employ RNA-guided nucleases to destroy phage (viral) DNA. Phages, in turn, have evolved diverse "anti-CRISPR" proteins (Acrs) to counteract acquired immunity. In Listeria monocytogenes, prophages encode two to three distinct anti-Cas9 proteins, with acrIIA1 always present. However, the sig...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Osuna BA,Karambelkar S,Mahendra C,Christie KA,Garcia B,Davidson AR,Kleinstiver BP,Kilcher S,Bondy-Denomy J

更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Jia et al. used a vesicular stomatitis virus-based probe to isolate B cells expressing broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies. Besides identifying neutralizing epitopes, this study highlights potential protection afforded by IgA arising from either direct IgM-to-IgA or sequential I...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Magri G,Cerutti A

更新日期：2020-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonelleae (NTS) cause typhoid fever and gastroenteritis, respectively, in humans. Salmonella typhoid toxin contributes to typhoid disease progression and chronic infection, but little is known about the role of its NTS ortholog. We found that typhoid toxin and its NTS ortholog induce dif...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Lee S,Yang YA,Milano SK,Nguyen T,Ahn C,Sim JH,Thompson AJ,Hillpot EC,Yoo G,Paulson JC,Song J

更新日期：2020-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The Arabidopsis immune receptors RPS4 and RRS1 interact to co-confer responsiveness to bacterial effectors. The RRS1-R allele, with RPS4, responds to AvrRps4 and PopP2, whereas RRS1-S responds only to AvrRps4. Here, we show that the C terminus of RRS1-R but not RRS1-S is phosphorylated. Phosphorylation at Thr1214 in t...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Guo H,Ahn HK,Sklenar J,Huang J,Ma Y,Ding P,Menke FLH,Jones JDG

更新日期：2020-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) facilitates spead of antibiotic resistance elements. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Domenech et al. discover that compounds disrupting proton motive force block natural competence (COM) and interrupt intraspecies HGT and exchange of antibiotic resistance. Such strategies might min...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Rosch JW,Tuomanen EI

更新日期：2020-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:How gut cells distinguish between beneficial symbionts and deleterious pathobionts is a central question. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Kim et al. (2020) demonstrate that the nucleoside catabolism pathway controlling bacterial uracil and ribose production is an essential trigger of the commensal to pathogen tr...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Joshi M,Royet J

更新日期：2020-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Type I interferons (IFNs-I) fulfil multiple protective functions during pathogenic infections, but they can also cause detrimental effects and enhance immunopathology. Here, we report that IFNs-I promote the dysregulation of iron homeostasis in macrophages during systemic infections with the intracellular pathogen Can...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Riedelberger M,Penninger P,Tscherner M,Seifert M,Jenull S,Brunnhofer C,Scheidl B,Tsymala I,Bourgeois C,Petryshyn A,Glaser W,Limbeck A,Strobl B,Weiss G,Kuchler K

更新日期：2020-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Rabies virus (RABV), the etiological agent for the lethal disease of rabies, is a deadly zoonotic pathogen. The RABV glycoprotein (RABV-G) is a key factor mediating virus entry and the major target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we report the crystal structures of RABV-G solved in the free form at ∼pH-8.0 and in th...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Yang F,Lin S,Ye F,Yang J,Qi J,Chen Z,Lin X,Wang J,Yue D,Cheng Y,Chen Z,Chen H,You Y,Zhang Z,Yang Y,Yang M,Sun H,Li Y,Cao Y,Yang S,Wei Y,Gao GF,Lu G

更新日期：2020-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Evolution of antibody repertoire against the Ebola virus (EBOV) proteome was characterized in an acutely infected patient receiving supportive care alone to elucidate virus-host interactions over time. Differential kinetics are observed for IgM-IgG-IgA epitope diversity, antibody binding, and affinity maturation to EB...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Khurana S,Ravichandran S,Hahn M,Coyle EM,Stonier SW,Zak SE,Kindrachuk J,Davey RT Jr,Dye JM,Chertow DS

更新日期：2020-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of gut bacteria in complications of heart inflammation has previously not been fully understood. Gil-Cruz et al. (2019) demonstrate a commensal Bacteroides species that triggers a cross-immune response against a bacterial protein and heart epitope, causing cardiomyopathy. This study links commensal bacteria w...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Mandelbaum N,Gefen T,Geva-Zatorsky N

更新日期：2020-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficient nutrient acquisition in the human gut is essential for microbial persistence. Although polysaccharides have been well-studied nutrients for the gut microbiome, other resources such as nucleic acids and nucleosides are less studied. We describe several ribose-utilization systems (RUSs) that are broadly repres...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Glowacki RWP,Pudlo NA,Tuncil Y,Luis AS,Sajjakulnukit P,Terekhov AI,Lyssiotis CA,Hamaker BR,Martens EC

更新日期：2020-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Proviral latency is a major barrier to a cure for HIV. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Hataye et al. (2019) show that reactivation of HIV latency is a non-deterministic, highly stochastic (i.e., noisy) process and propose that stochastic transitions to exponential viral expansion require a critical threshold of ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Hansen MMK,Martin B,Weinberger LS

更新日期：2019-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Fecal transfer from healthy donors is being explored as a microbiome modality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to affect the microbiome. Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have been shown to have an altered gut microbiome. Here, we unexpectedly found that transfer of feces harvested at peak disease from the experimen...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Liu S,Rezende RM,Moreira TG,Tankou SK,Cox LM,Wu M,Song A,Dhang FH,Wei Z,Costamagna G,Weiner HL

更新日期：2019-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Gut-dwelling Prevotella copri (P. copri), the most prevalent Prevotella species in the human gut, have been associated with diet and disease. However, our understanding of their diversity and function remains rudimentary because studies have been limited to 16S and metagenomic surveys and experiments using a single ty...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Fehlner-Peach H,Magnabosco C,Raghavan V,Scher JU,Tett A,Cox LM,Gottsegen C,Watters A,Wiltshire-Gordon JD,Segata N,Bonneau R,Littman DR

更新日期：2019-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxoplasma can reach distant organs, especially the brain, leading to a lifelong chronic phase. However, genes involved in related in vivo processes are currently unknown. Here, we use focused CRISPR libraries to identify Toxoplasma genes that affect in vivo fitness. We focus on TgWIP, whose deletion affects Toxoplasm...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Sangaré LO,Ólafsson EB,Wang Y,Yang N,Julien L,Camejo A,Pesavento P,Sidik SM,Lourido S,Barragan A,Saeij JPJ

更新日期：2019-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of gut microbes in health and disease has often been surmised from stool, which is easily sampled and rich in microbial diversity, density, and abundance. Microbial analyses of stool have been accepted as measures to determine the relationship of gut microbiomes with host health and disease, based on the beli...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Martinez-Guryn K,Leone V,Chang EB

更新日期：2019-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Eukaryotic small RNAs (sRNAs) are short non-coding regulatory molecules that induce RNA interference (RNAi). During microbial infection, host RNAi machinery is highly regulated and contributes to reprogramming gene expression and balancing plant immunity and growth. While most sRNAs function endogenously, some can tra...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Huang CY,Wang H,Hu P,Hamby R,Jin H

更新日期：2019-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Biofilms are surface-associated bacterial communities that play both beneficial and harmful roles in nature, medicine, and industry. Tolerant and persister cells are thought to underlie biofilm-related bacterial recurrence in medical and industrial contexts. Here, we review recent progress aimed at understanding the m...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Yan J,Bassler BL

更新日期：2019-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs) are secreted by bacteria to signal population density. Upon reaching a critical concentration, QSMs induce transcriptional alterations in bacteria, which enable virulence factor expression and biofilm formation. It is unclear whether mammalian hosts can recognize QSMs to trigger respons...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Pundir P,Liu R,Vasavda C,Serhan N,Limjunyawong N,Yee R,Zhan Y,Dong X,Wu X,Zhang Y,Snyder SH,Gaudenzio N,Vidal JE,Dong X

更新日期：2019-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The Cullin-RING E3 ligase (CRL) family is commonly hijacked by pathogens to redirect the host ubiquitin proteasome machinery to specific targets. During HIV infection, CRL5 is hijacked by HIV Vif to target viral restriction factors of the APOBEC3 family for ubiquitination and degradation. Here, using a quantitative pr...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Hüttenhain R,Xu J,Burton LA,Gordon DE,Hultquist JF,Johnson JR,Satkamp L,Hiatt J,Rhee DY,Baek K,Crosby DC,Frankel AD,Marson A,Harper JW,Alpi AF,Schulman BA,Gross JD,Krogan NJ

更新日期：2019-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The fusion peptide (FP) of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is essential for mediating viral entry. Detection of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that interact with the FP has revealed it as a site of vulnerability. We delineate X-ray and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of bnAb ACS202, from an HI...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Yuan M,Cottrell CA,Ozorowski G,van Gils MJ,Kumar S,Wu NC,Sarkar A,Torres JL,de Val N,Copps J,Moore JP,Sanders RW,Ward AB,Wilson IA

更新日期：2019-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Liang et al. (2019) show that α-defensins in the gastrointestinal tract sustain defenses to enteric pathogens during starvation. mTOR-dependent sensing of nutrient loss promotes production of an α-defensin regulator, which sustains α-defensin levels, loss of which increases lethal...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Foerster EG,Girardin SE

更新日期：2019-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are highly antibiotic-resistant and readily transmissible pathogens that cause severe infections in hospitalized patients. We discovered that lithocholic acid (LCA), a secondary bile acid prevalent in the cecum and colon of mice and humans, impairs separation of growing VRE dipl...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： McKenney PT,Yan J,Vaubourgeix J,Becattini S,Lampen N,Motzer A,Larson PJ,Dannaoui D,Fujisawa S,Xavier JB,Pamer EG

更新日期：2019-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the number one hospital-acquired infection in the United States. CDI is more common and severe in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Here, we studied the mechanism by which prior colitis exacerbates CDI. Mice were given dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis, recovered for 2 we...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Saleh MM,Frisbee AL,Leslie JL,Buonomo EL,Cowardin CA,Ma JZ,Simpson ME,Scully KW,Abhyankar MM,Petri WA Jr

更新日期：2019-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Thanabalasuriar et al. (2019) show how neutrophils and biofilm-forming bacteria respond reciprocally, resulting in the formation of a barricade comprised of neutrophil extracellular traps. Disrupting this exchange and the resulting barrier can be detrimental unless balanced in fav...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Papayannopoulos V

更新日期：2019-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Probiotics are living microorganisms that are increasingly used as gastrointestinal therapeutics by virtue of their innate or engineered genetic function. Unlike abiotic therapeutics, probiotics can replicate in their intended site, subjecting their genomes and therapeutic properties to natural selection. We exposed t...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Crook N,Ferreiro A,Gasparrini AJ,Pesesky MW,Gibson MK,Wang B,Sun X,Condiotte Z,Dobrowolski S,Peterson D,Dantas G

更新日期：2019-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, two articles (Lee et al., 2019; Henry et al., 2019) find the influenza-specific antibody repertoire in humans becomes static over time and with age, despite repeated exposures. Identified persistent dominant clones target conserved viral epitopes, supporting the feasibility of a u...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Devarajan P,Swain SL

更新日期：2019-03-13 00:00:00