听力与言语-语言病理学

行为科学

医学伦理学

你正在浏览Annual Review of Physiology期刊下所有文献
  • Hedgehog Signaling in Intestinal Development and Homeostasis.

    abstract::The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays several diverse regulatory and patterning roles during organogenesis of the intestine and in the regulation of adult intestinal homeostasis. In the embryo, fetus, and adult, intestinal Hh signaling is paracrine: Hh ligands are expressed in the endodermally derived epithelium, ...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094324

    authors: Walton KD,Gumucio DL

    更新日期:2020-10-09 00:00:00

  • Contributions of Aging to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

    abstract::Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by changes in the pial and parenchymal microcirculations. SVD produces reductions in cerebral blood flow and impaired blood-brain barrier function, which are leading contributors to age-related reductions in brain health. End-organ effects are diverse, resulting in ...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034338

    authors: De Silva TM,Faraci FM

    更新日期:2020-02-10 00:00:00

  • Gestational Exposure to Common Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Impact on Neurodevelopment and Behavior.

    abstract::Endocrine disrupting chemicals are common in our environment and act on hormone systems and signaling pathways to alter physiological homeostasis. Gestational exposure can disrupt developmental programs, permanently altering tissues with impacts lasting into adulthood. The brain is a critical target for developmental ...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034555

    authors: Nesan D,Kurrasch DM

    更新日期:2020-02-10 00:00:00

  • Branched Chain Amino Acids.

    abstract::Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are building blocks for all life-forms. We review here the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in mammalian physiology. Decades of studies have elicited a deep understanding of biochemical reactions involved in BCAA catabolism. In addition, BCAAs and various catabolic products act as sig...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114455

    authors: Neinast M,Murashige D,Arany Z

    更新日期:2019-02-10 00:00:00

  • Macrophages in Renal Injury and Repair.

    abstract::Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a growing global health concern, yet no treatment is currently available to prevent it or to promote kidney repair after injury. Animal models demonstrate that the macrophage is a major contributor to the inflammatory response to AKI. Emerging data from human biopsies also corroborate the ...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034219

    authors: Huen SC,Cantley LG

    更新日期:2017-02-10 00:00:00

  • Macrophage Polarization.

    abstract::Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and the normal tissue environment. Three broad pathways control polar...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034339

    authors: Murray PJ

    更新日期:2017-02-10 00:00:00

  • Microglia in Physiology and Disease.

    abstract::As the immune-competent cells of the brain, microglia play an increasingly important role in maintaining normal brain function. They invade the brain early in development, transform into a highly ramified phenotype, and constantly screen their environment. Microglia are activated by any type of pathologic event or cha...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034406

    authors: Wolf SA,Boddeke HW,Kettenmann H

    更新日期:2017-02-10 00:00:00

  • Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

    abstract::Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders characterized by abnormal hepatic fat accumulation, inflammation, and hepatocyte dysfunction. Importantly, it is also closely linked to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD predisposes susceptible individuals to cirrhosis, hepatoce...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105331

    authors: Haas JT,Francque S,Staels B

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cilia dysfunction in lung disease.

    abstract::A characteristic feature of the human airway epithelium is the presence of ciliated cells bearing motile cilia, specialized cell surface projections containing axonemes composed of microtubules and dynein arms, which provide ATP-driven motility. In the airways, cilia function in concert with airway mucus to mediate th...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021014-071931

    authors: Tilley AE,Walters MS,Shaykhiev R,Crystal RG

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cellular homeostasis and repair in the mammalian liver.

    abstract::The mammalian liver is one of the most regenerative tissues in the body, capable of fully recovering mass and function after a variety of injuries. This factor alone makes the liver unusual among mammalian tissues, but even more atypical is the widely held notion that the method of repair depends on the manner of inju...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170255

    authors: Stanger BZ

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • A new era in brown adipose tissue biology: molecular control of brown fat development and energy homeostasis.

    abstract::Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized to dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat as a defense against cold and excessive feeding. Interest in the field of BAT biology has exploded in the past few years because of the therapeutic potential of BAT to counteract obesity and obesity-related diseases, including i...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170252

    authors: Kajimura S,Saito M

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Exocytosis and endocytosis: modes, functions, and coupling mechanisms.

    abstract::Vesicle exocytosis releases content to mediate many biological events, including synaptic transmission essential for brain functions. Following exocytosis, endocytosis is initiated to retrieve exocytosed vesicles within seconds to minutes. Decades of studies in secretory cells reveal three exocytosis modes coupled to ...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170305

    authors: Wu LG,Hamid E,Shin W,Chiang HC

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Trafficking of epidermal growth factor receptor ligands in polarized epithelial cells.

    abstract::A largely unilamellar epithelial layer lines body cavities and organ ducts such as the digestive tract and kidney tubules. This polarized epithelium is composed of biochemically and functionally separate apical and basolateral surfaces. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is a critical regula...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170406

    authors: Singh B,Coffey RJ

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Metabolic and neuropsychiatric effects of calorie restriction and sirtuins.

    abstract::Most living organisms, including humans, age. Over time the ability to do physical and intellectual work deteriorates, and susceptibility to infectious, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases increases, which leads to general fitness decline and ultimately to death. Work in model organisms has demonstrated that gen...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183800

    authors: Libert S,Guarente L

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Coping with endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cardiovascular system.

    abstract::The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional intracellular organelle, a component of the cellular reticular network that allows cells to adjust to a wide variety of conditions. The cardiomyocyte reticular network is the ideal location of sensors for both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that disrupt energy and/o...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183707

    authors: Groenendyk J,Agellon LB,Michalak M

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Regulation of renal NaCl transport by nitric oxide, endothelin, and ATP: clinical implications.

    abstract::NaCl absorption along the nephron is regulated not just by humoral factors but also by factors that do not circulate or act on the cells where they are produced. Generally, nitric oxide (NO) inhibits NaCl absorption along the nephron. However, the effects of NO in the proximal tubule are controversial and may be bipha...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142247

    authors: Garvin JL,Herrera M,Ortiz PA

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Venous valvular stasis-associated hypoxia and thrombosis: what is the link?

    abstract::This review focuses on the role of the venous valves in the genesis of thrombus formation in venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Clinical VTE and the evidence for the valvular origin of venous thrombosis are reviewed. Virchow's triad is then used as a framework for discussion to approach the question posed regarding ...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142305

    authors: Bovill EG,van der Vliet A

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Circadian organization of behavior and physiology in Drosophila.

    abstract::Circadian clocks organize behavior and physiology to adapt to daily environmental cycles. Genetic approaches in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have revealed widely conserved molecular gears of these 24-h timers. Yet much less is known about how these cell-autonomous clocks confer temporal information to modul...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135815

    authors: Allada R,Chung BY

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cellular maintenance and repair of the kidney.

    abstract::The mammalian kidney is a highly complex organ that requires the precise structural arrangement of multiple cell types for effective function. The need to filter large volumes of plasma at the glomerulus followed by active reabsorption of nearly 99% of that filtrate by the tubules creates vulnerability in both compart...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163245

    authors: Guo JK,Cantley LG

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Living in the now: physiological mechanisms to tolerate a rapidly changing environment.

    abstract::Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide has resulted in scientific projections of changes in global temperatures, climate in general, and surface seawater chemistry. Although the consequences to ecosystems and communities of metazoans are only beginning to be revealed, a key to forecasting expected changes in animal communi...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135900

    authors: Hofmann GE,Todgham AE

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Plant ion channels: gene families, physiology, and functional genomics analyses.

    abstract::Distinct potassium, anion, and calcium channels in the plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane of plant cells have been identified and characterized by patch clamping. Primarily owing to advances in Arabidopsis genetics and genomics, and yeast functional complementation, many of the corresponding genes have been identif...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163204

    authors: Ward JM,Mäser P,Schroeder JI

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Dendritic spine dynamics.

    abstract::Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic components of most excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain. Spines accumulate rapidly during early postnatal development and undergo a substantial loss as animals mature into adulthood. In past decades, studies have revealed that the number and size of dendritic spines are regu...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163140

    authors: Bhatt DH,Zhang S,Gan WB

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Hypoxia-induced signaling in the cardiovascular system.

    abstract::Low oxygen (O2) levels are a naturally occurring feature of embryonic development, adult physiology, and diseases such as those of the cardiovascular system. Although many responses to O2 deprivation are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), researchers are finding a growing number of HIF-independent pathways ...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100526

    authors: Simon MC,Liu L,Barnhart BC,Young RM

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.

    abstract::Calcium (Ca) is a universal intracellular second messenger. In muscle, Ca is best known for its role in contractile activation. However, in recent years the critical role of Ca in other myocyte processes has become increasingly clear. This review focuses on Ca signaling in cardiac myocytes as pertaining to electrophys...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455

    authors: Bers DM

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Gastrointestinal satiety signals.

    abstract::The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has imparted renewed impetus to the study of the mechanisms of appetite regulation. Digestion and nutrient absorption take place in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, whereas food intake is controlled by neuronal circuits in the central nervous system. The need for gut-brai...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100506

    authors: Chaudhri OB,Salem V,Murphy KG,Bloom SR

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Hypoxia tolerance in reptiles, amphibians, and fishes: life with variable oxygen availability.

    abstract::The ability of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles to survive extremes of oxygen availability derives from a core triad of adaptations: profound metabolic suppression, tolerance of ionic and pH disturbances, and mechanisms for avoiding free-radical injury during reoxygenation. For long-term anoxic survival, enhanced stor...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.69.031905.162529

    authors: Bickler PE,Buck LT

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Sgk kinases and their role in epithelial transport.

    abstract::The serum/glucocorticoid-induced kinase Sgk1 plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial ion transport. This kinase is very rapidly regulated at the transcriptional level as well as via posttranslational modifications involving phosphorylation by the MAP or PI-3 kinase pathways and/or ubiquitylation. Altho...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040104.131654

    authors: Loffing J,Flores SY,Staub O

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • LXRS and FXR: the yin and yang of cholesterol and fat metabolism.

    abstract::Liver X receptors (LXRs) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are nuclear receptors that function as intracellular sensors for sterols and bile acids, respectively. In response to their ligands, these receptors induce transcriptional responses that maintain a balanced, finely tuned regulation of cholesterol and bile acid me...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.033104.152158

    authors: Kalaany NY,Mangelsdorf DJ

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Novel renal amino acid transporters.

    abstract::Reabsorption of amino acids, similar to that of glucose, is a major task of the proximal kidney tubule. Various amino acids are actively transported across the luminal brush border membrane into proximal tubule epithelial cells, most of which by cotransport. An important player is the newly identified cotransporter (s...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.031103.153949

    authors: Verrey F,Ristic Z,Romeo E,Ramadan T,Makrides V,Dave MH,Wagner CA,Camargo SM

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Lessons in estrogen biology from knockout and transgenic animals.

    abstract::Tremendous progress has been made in elucidating numerous critical aspects of estrogen signaling. New tools and techniques have enabled detailed molecular analysis of components that direct estrogen responses. At the other end of the spectrum, generation of a multiplicity of transgenic animals has allowed analysis of ...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.040403.115914

    authors: Hewitt SC,Harrell JC,Korach KS

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Unlocking the secrets of cell signaling.

    abstract::My scientific life has been spent trying to understand how cells communicate with each other. This interest in cell signaling began with studies on the control of fluid secretion by an insect salivary gland, and the subsequent quest led to the discovery of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and its role in calcium signaling...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.040103.152647

    authors: Berridge MJ

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Interpreting the BOLD signal.

    abstract::The development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has brought together a broad community of scientists interested in measuring the neural basis of the human mind. Because fMRI signals are an indirect measure of neural activity, interpreting these signals to make deductions about the nervous system requir...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.082602.092845

    authors: Logothetis NK,Wandell BA

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Learning mechanisms in addiction: synaptic plasticity in the ventral tegmental area as a result of exposure to drugs of abuse.

    abstract::One of the central questions in neurobiology is how experience modifies neural function, and how changes in the nervous system permit an animal to adapt its behavior to a changing environment. Learning and adaptation to a host of different environmental stimuli exemplify processes we know must alter the nervous system...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.112534

    authors: Kauer JA

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Structure and function of glutamate receptor ion channels.

    abstract::A vast number of proteins are involved in synaptic function. Many have been cloned and their functional role defined with varying degrees of success, but their number and complexity currently defy any molecular understanding of the physiology of synapses. A beacon of success in this medieval era of synaptic biology is...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.050802.084104

    authors: Mayer ML,Armstrong N

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiac hypertrophy: the good, the bad, and the ugly.

    abstract::Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart's response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli that impose increased biomechanical stress. While hypertrophy can eventually normalize wall tension, it is associated with an unfavorable outcome and threatens affected patients with sudden death or progression to overt heart f...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.65.092101.142243

    authors: Frey N,Olson EN

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Stress-activated cytokines and the heart: from adaptation to maladaptation.

    abstract::The ability of the myocardium to successfully compensate for and adapt to environmental stress ultimately determines whether the heart will decompensate and fail or maintain preserved function. Despite the importance of the myocardial response to environmental stress, very little is known with respect to the biochemic...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.65.092101.142249

    authors: Mann DL

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Dynamics of phosphoinositides in membrane retrieval and insertion.

    abstract::The phosphoinositides PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 are concentrated in plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells, and excluded from endosomes, whereas PtdIns(3)P is formed in these latter intracellular membranes and is apparently excluded from the plasma membrane. The logic of this asymmetric disposition is now reveal...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.65.092101.142522

    authors: Czech MP

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents: from molecules to physiological function.

    abstract::Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents, termed If, Ih, or Iq, were initially discovered in heart and nerve cells over 20 years ago. These currents contribute to a wide range of physiological functions, including cardiac and neuronal pacemaker activity, the setting of resting potentials, input conductance and leng...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.65.092101.142734

    authors: Robinson RB,Siegelbaum SA

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • The gastric biology of Helicobacter pylori.

    abstract::Helicobacter pylori is a neutralophilic, gram-negative, ureolytic organism that is able to colonize the human stomach but does not survive in a defined medium with a pH <4.0 unless urea is present. In order to live in the gastric environment, it has developed a repertoire of acid resistance mechanisms that can be clas...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.65.092101.142156

    authors: Sachs G,Weeks DL,Melchers K,Scott DR

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Renal genetic disorders related to K+ and Mg2+.

    abstract::The recent knowledge of the renal epithelial transport systems has exploded with the identification, cloning, and characterization of a large number of membrane transport proteins. The fundamental aspects of these transporters are beginning to emerge at the molecular level and are summarized in the accompanying contri...

    journal_title:Annual review of physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081501.160000

    authors: Warnock DG

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

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