Abstract:
:Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide has resulted in scientific projections of changes in global temperatures, climate in general, and surface seawater chemistry. Although the consequences to ecosystems and communities of metazoans are only beginning to be revealed, a key to forecasting expected changes in animal communities is an understanding of species' vulnerability to a changing environment. For example, environmental stressors may affect a particular species by driving that organism outside a tolerance window, by altering the costs of metabolic processes under the new conditions, or by changing patterns of development and reproduction. Implicit in all these examples is the foundational understanding of physiological mechanisms and how a particular environmental driver (e.g., temperature and ocean acidification) will be transduced through the animal to alter tolerances and performance. In this review, we highlight examples of mechanisms, focusing on those underlying physiological plasticity, that operate in contemporary organisms as a means to consider physiological responses that are available to organisms in the future.
journal_name
Annu Rev Physioljournal_title
Annual review of physiologyauthors
Hofmann GE,Todgham AEdoi
10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135900subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-01 00:00:00pages
127-45eissn
0066-4278issn
1545-1585journal_volume
72pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::My scientific life has been spent trying to understand how cells communicate with each other. This interest in cell signaling began with studies on the control of fluid secretion by an insect salivary gland, and the subsequent quest led to the discovery of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and its role in calcium signaling...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.040103.152647
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tremendous progress has been made in elucidating numerous critical aspects of estrogen signaling. New tools and techniques have enabled detailed molecular analysis of components that direct estrogen responses. At the other end of the spectrum, generation of a multiplicity of transgenic animals has allowed analysis of ...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.040403.115914
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intercellular channels present in gap junctions allow cells to share small molecules and thus coordinate a wide range of behaviors. Remarkably, although junctions provide similar functions in all multicellular organisms, vertebrates and invertebrates use unrelated gene families to encode these channels. The recent ide...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.283
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple mechanisms contribute to the regulation of G protein-coupled receptors and their transmembrane signaling. Post-translational modifications of the receptors, such as phosphorylation, and changes in receptor gene expression can occur in either a strictly agonist-dependent fashion or through second messenger-med...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.53.030191.002433
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulated exocytosis involves the tightly controlled fusion of a transport vesicle with the plasma membrane. It includes processes as diverse as the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic nerve endings and the sperm-triggered deposition of a barrier preventing polyspermy in oocytes. Cell-free model systems have...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.777
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium and sodium absorption by the kidney normally proceed in parallel. However, a number of physiological, pharmacological, pathological, and genetic conditions dissociate this relation. In each instance, the dissociation can be traced to the distal convoluted tubule, where calcium and sodium transport are inversel...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.179
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by changes in the pial and parenchymal microcirculations. SVD produces reductions in cerebral blood flow and impaired blood-brain barrier function, which are leading contributors to age-related reductions in brain health. End-organ effects are diverse, resulting in ...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034338
更新日期:2020-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxia elicits an array of compensatory responses in animals ranging from protozoa to mammals. Central among these responses is anapyrexia, the regulated decrease of body temperature. The importance of anapyrexia lies in the fact that it reduces oxygen consumption, increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, and...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081501.155856
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A precise description of the involvement of G proteins in regulation of the cardiovascular system is not possible at the present time although it is clear that they do have important regulatory roles. The cardiovascular system is composed of a variety of cell types, which are subject to control by several different ho...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.51.030189.001305
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on the role of the venous valves in the genesis of thrombus formation in venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Clinical VTE and the evidence for the valvular origin of venous thrombosis are reviewed. Virchow's triad is then used as a framework for discussion to approach the question posed regarding ...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142305
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The life of a human lung can be subdivided into five distinct phases: embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar. The embryonic period, during which the lung primordium is laid down as a diverticulum of the foregut, lasts for about seven weeks. From the 5th to the 17th week the lung looks much lik...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.46.030184.003153
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of the myocardium to successfully compensate for and adapt to environmental stress ultimately determines whether the heart will decompensate and fail or maintain preserved function. Despite the importance of the myocardial response to environmental stress, very little is known with respect to the biochemic...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.65.092101.142249
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low oxygen (O2) levels are a naturally occurring feature of embryonic development, adult physiology, and diseases such as those of the cardiovascular system. Although many responses to O2 deprivation are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), researchers are finding a growing number of HIF-independent pathways ...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100526
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A characteristic feature of the human airway epithelium is the presence of ciliated cells bearing motile cilia, specialized cell surface projections containing axonemes composed of microtubules and dynein arms, which provide ATP-driven motility. In the airways, cilia function in concert with airway mucus to mediate th...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021014-071931
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endocrine disrupting chemicals are common in our environment and act on hormone systems and signaling pathways to alter physiological homeostasis. Gestational exposure can disrupt developmental programs, permanently altering tissues with impacts lasting into adulthood. The brain is a critical target for developmental ...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034555
更新日期:2020-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::The cost of living can be measured as an animal's metabolic rate. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is factorially related to other metabolic rates. Analysis of BMR variation suggests that metabolism is a series of linked processes varying in unison. Membrane processes, such as maintenance of ion gradients, are important cos...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.62.1.207
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glycolytic enzyme glucokinase plays a key role in glucose sensing by the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells, and mutations in the gene encoding this enzyme are a common cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), a form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus characterized by autosomal-dominant i...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.001131
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple organic anion transporters in the proximal tubule of the kidney are involved in the secretion of drugs, toxic compounds, and their metabolites. Many of these compounds are potentially hazardous on accumulation, and it is therefore not surprising that the proximal tubule is also an important target for toxicit...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081501.155913
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiotensin receptors are present in a number of organs and systems including heart, kidney, gonad, and placenta; pituitary and adrenal glands; the peripheral vessels, and the central nervous system. This octapeptide exerts diverse effects that include induction of cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia and a stimulation...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.395
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian kidney is a highly complex organ that requires the precise structural arrangement of multiple cell types for effective function. The need to filter large volumes of plasma at the glomerulus followed by active reabsorption of nearly 99% of that filtrate by the tubules creates vulnerability in both compart...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163245
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent knowledge of the renal epithelial transport systems has exploded with the identification, cloning, and characterization of a large number of membrane transport proteins. The fundamental aspects of these transporters are beginning to emerge at the molecular level and are summarized in the accompanying contri...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081501.160000
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ceramide is a sphingosine-based lipid signaling molecule that regulates cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The emerging picture suggests that coupling of ceramide to specific signaling cascades is both stimulus and cell-type specific. Ceramide action is determined within the context of other stimu...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.643
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to control cell functions, hormones and neurotransmitters generate an amazing diversity of Ca2+ signals such as local and global Ca2+ elevations and also Ca2+ oscillations. In pancreatic acinar cells, cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates secretion of digestive enzyme and promotes cell growth, whereas acetylcholin...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.63.1.99
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart's response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli that impose increased biomechanical stress. While hypertrophy can eventually normalize wall tension, it is associated with an unfavorable outcome and threatens affected patients with sudden death or progression to overt heart f...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.65.092101.142243
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocardial K+ currents function to control resting membrane potentials, the heights and durations of action potentials, and refractoriness and automaticity. They are important targets for the actions of transmitters and hormones or drugs known, or postulated, to modulate cardiac functioning. A variety of K+ currents t...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.002051
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium (Ca) is a universal intracellular second messenger. In muscle, Ca is best known for its role in contractile activation. However, in recent years the critical role of Ca in other myocyte processes has become increasingly clear. This review focuses on Ca signaling in cardiac myocytes as pertaining to electrophys...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung development differs in the embryo and fetus with regard to branching pattern and organization of the epithelial cells. The surrounding mesodermal component, the capsule, has long been known to play a role in branching. As a result of recent analyses of distribution of components of the extracellular matrix couple...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.000521
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian liver is one of the most regenerative tissues in the body, capable of fully recovering mass and function after a variety of injuries. This factor alone makes the liver unusual among mammalian tissues, but even more atypical is the widely held notion that the method of repair depends on the manner of inju...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170255
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last five years, cDNAs and genes encoding more than 20 neuroendocrine peptides have been cloned. The information gleaned from these genes has been largely structural to this point, and illustrates the great versatility of neuroendocrine genes in generating diverse sets of bioactive peptides. An ongoing cont...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.48.030186.002243
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A largely unilamellar epithelial layer lines body cavities and organ ducts such as the digestive tract and kidney tubules. This polarized epithelium is composed of biochemically and functionally separate apical and basolateral surfaces. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is a critical regula...
journal_title:Annual review of physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170406
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00