Fetal and postnatal development of the lung.

abstract：:This review focuses on the role of the venous valves in the genesis of thrombus formation in venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Clinical VTE and the evidence for the valvular origin of venous thrombosis are reviewed. Virchow's triad is then used as a framework for discussion to approach the question posed regarding ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bovill EG,van der Vliet A

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has imparted renewed impetus to the study of the mechanisms of appetite regulation. Digestion and nutrient absorption take place in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, whereas food intake is controlled by neuronal circuits in the central nervous system. The need for gut-brai...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Chaudhri OB,Salem V,Murphy KG,Bloom SR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As stated earlier, the mammalian ovary maintains the continuous development of follicles, but only a few are selected to ovulate and form corpora lutea. These processes are regulated primarily by the gonadotropins and involve specific, sequential changes in the function of theca cells and granulosa cells. Data from re...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Richards JS,Hedin L

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three families of growth factors/hormones have major effects on the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells. Two (FGF and TGF-beta) are potent inhibitors, and the third (IGF) exhibits a biphasic stimulatory action (but is not inhibitory even at high concentrations). All of these affect the expression of myogenin, one...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Florini JR,Ewton DZ,Magri KA

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart's response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli that impose increased biomechanical stress. While hypertrophy can eventually normalize wall tension, it is associated with an unfavorable outcome and threatens affected patients with sudden death or progression to overt heart f...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Frey N,Olson EN

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Practical limitations of the patch-clamp technique when recording mechanogated membrane ion channels are considered. Mechanical overstimulation of the patch or the cell from excessive suction/pressure protocols induces morphological and functional changes. In particular, the plasma membrane becomes decoupled from the ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Hamill OP,McBride DW Jr

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular architectures of SMP and SRP differ, yet the functional analogies between CAM-associated SMP and SRP are numerous. Most of the divergences observed may have their root in different behavior during dephosphorylation (see Table 1). ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Schatzmann HJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular and functional evidence indicates that a variety of Ca(2+)-dependent chloride (Cl(Ca)) channels are involved in fluid secretion from secretory epithelial cells in different tissues and species. Most Cl(Ca) channels so far characterized have an I- permeability greater than Cl-, and most are sensitive to 4,4'-...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Kidd JF,Thorn P

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence indicates that PDGF is a major cytokine that impacts on the biology of renal cells and the pathogenesis of renal disease. The biologic effects of PDGF on cells and tissue, whether contraction, proliferation, matrix expansion, or cell migration, can result in beneficial or injurious consequences depending on t...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Abboud HE

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current information indicates that the mammalian kidney is a significant site of EGF synthesis, second only to the salivary gland in the rodent and probably exceeding most other tissues in the human species. The prepro EGF mRNA is localized to the cells of the TALH and the DCT. The EGF mRNA transcript in kidney is sim...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Fisher DA,Salido EC,Barajas L

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Helicobacter pylori is a neutralophilic, gram-negative, ureolytic organism that is able to colonize the human stomach but does not survive in a defined medium with a pH <4.0 unless urea is present. In order to live in the gastric environment, it has developed a repertoire of acid resistance mechanisms that can be clas...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Sachs G,Weeks DL,Melchers K,Scott DR

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are building blocks for all life-forms. We review here the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in mammalian physiology. Decades of studies have elicited a deep understanding of biochemical reactions involved in BCAA catabolism. In addition, BCAAs and various catabolic products act as sig...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Neinast M,Murashige D,Arany Z

更新日期：2019-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by changes in the pial and parenchymal microcirculations. SVD produces reductions in cerebral blood flow and impaired blood-brain barrier function, which are leading contributors to age-related reductions in brain health. End-organ effects are diverse, resulting in ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： De Silva TM,Faraci FM

更新日期：2020-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia elicits an array of compensatory responses in animals ranging from protozoa to mammals. Central among these responses is anapyrexia, the regulated decrease of body temperature. The importance of anapyrexia lies in the fact that it reduces oxygen consumption, increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, and...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Steiner AA,Branco LG

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to the well established action of PTH in proximal tubules and of AVP in collecting tubules, polypeptide hormones were recently shown to regulate transport properties in other tubular portions. Although still scarce, such physiological studies using isolated perfused tubules demonstrated hormonal effects in...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Morel F,Imbert-Teboul M,Chabardès D

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last five years, cDNAs and genes encoding more than 20 neuroendocrine peptides have been cloned. The information gleaned from these genes has been largely structural to this point, and illustrates the great versatility of neuroendocrine genes in generating diverse sets of bioactive peptides. An ongoing cont...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Mayo KE,Evans RM,Rosenfeld GM

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When compiling results obtained with various techniques, it appears that the apical Na translocators are channels of high Na, Li selectivity that permit large transport rates at low driving forces. The concentration dependence of the transport rate is linear at least up to 60 mM Nao. The voltage dependence is of the G...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Lindemann B

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A thorough consideration of the evidence for striated muscle cell transmembrane nucleotide movement provides only equivocal support for adenine nucleotide specific translocation across cell membranes. It is obvious that nucleotide-derived adenosine is taken up into cells in preference to free adenosine, and it is impo...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Rovetto MJ

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrine disrupting chemicals are common in our environment and act on hormone systems and signaling pathways to alter physiological homeostasis. Gestational exposure can disrupt developmental programs, permanently altering tissues with impacts lasting into adulthood. The brain is a critical target for developmental ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Nesan D,Kurrasch DM

更新日期：2020-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Distinct potassium, anion, and calcium channels in the plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane of plant cells have been identified and characterized by patch clamping. Primarily owing to advances in Arabidopsis genetics and genomics, and yeast functional complementation, many of the corresponding genes have been identif...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Ward JM,Mäser P,Schroeder JI

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents, termed If, Ih, or Iq, were initially discovered in heart and nerve cells over 20 years ago. These currents contribute to a wide range of physiological functions, including cardiac and neuronal pacemaker activity, the setting of resting potentials, input conductance and leng...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Robinson RB,Siegelbaum SA

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium and sodium absorption by the kidney normally proceed in parallel. However, a number of physiological, pharmacological, pathological, and genetic conditions dissociate this relation. In each instance, the dissociation can be traced to the distal convoluted tubule, where calcium and sodium transport are inversel...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Friedman PA

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ceramide is a sphingosine-based lipid signaling molecule that regulates cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The emerging picture suggests that coupling of ceramide to specific signaling cascades is both stimulus and cell-type specific. Ceramide action is determined within the context of other stimu...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Kolesnick RN,Krönke M

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past three years have seen remarkable progress in research on the molecular basis of inward rectification, with significant implications for basic understanding and pharmacological manipulation of cellular excitability. Expression cloning of the first inward rectifier K channel (Kir) genes provided the necessary b...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Nichols CG,Lopatin AN

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Congestive heart failure is associated with ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation, increased circulating catecholamines, and peripheral vasoconstriction. The extent to which these changes occur, whether they are a favorable "compensatory mechanism" or contribute to cardiocirculatory dysfunction, depends on the cause ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Zelis R,Flaim SF,Liedtke AJ,Nellis SH

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tremendous progress has been made in elucidating numerous critical aspects of estrogen signaling. New tools and techniques have enabled detailed molecular analysis of components that direct estrogen responses. At the other end of the spectrum, generation of a multiplicity of transgenic animals has allowed analysis of ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Hewitt SC,Harrell JC,Korach KS

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reabsorption of amino acids, similar to that of glucose, is a major task of the proximal kidney tubule. Various amino acids are actively transported across the luminal brush border membrane into proximal tubule epithelial cells, most of which by cotransport. An important player is the newly identified cotransporter (s...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Verrey F,Ristic Z,Romeo E,Ramadan T,Makrides V,Dave MH,Wagner CA,Camargo SM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent availability of reagents to study the IGFs, their receptors, and binding proteins has led to an explosive growth in the study of IGF physiology. However, most studies to date have been descriptive, and studies delineating mechanisms of action are limited. It is apparent that most organ systems synthesize se...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Cohick WS,Clemmons DR

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intercellular channels present in gap junctions allow cells to share small molecules and thus coordinate a wide range of behaviors. Remarkably, although junctions provide similar functions in all multicellular organisms, vertebrates and invertebrates use unrelated gene families to encode these channels. The recent ide...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： White TW,Paul DL

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium (Ca) is a universal intracellular second messenger. In muscle, Ca is best known for its role in contractile activation. However, in recent years the critical role of Ca in other myocyte processes has become increasingly clear. This review focuses on Ca signaling in cardiac myocytes as pertaining to electrophys...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bers DM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00