Induced membrane hypo/hyper-mechanosensitivity: a limitation of patch-clamp recording.

abstract：:This review focuses on the role of the venous valves in the genesis of thrombus formation in venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Clinical VTE and the evidence for the valvular origin of venous thrombosis are reviewed. Virchow's triad is then used as a framework for discussion to approach the question posed regarding ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bovill EG,van der Vliet A

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite continuous interest in cardiac hypertrophy, our knowledge of its molecular aspects is still elementary. Recently, however, several advancements of particular interest have been made: (a) Nuclei of muscle and nonmuscle cells have been separated, allowing for the first time the study of nuclear activity in speci...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Zak R,Rabinowitz M

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium (Ca) is a universal intracellular second messenger. In muscle, Ca is best known for its role in contractile activation. However, in recent years the critical role of Ca in other myocyte processes has become increasingly clear. This review focuses on Ca signaling in cardiac myocytes as pertaining to electrophys...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bers DM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by changes in the pial and parenchymal microcirculations. SVD produces reductions in cerebral blood flow and impaired blood-brain barrier function, which are leading contributors to age-related reductions in brain health. End-organ effects are diverse, resulting in ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： De Silva TM,Faraci FM

更新日期：2020-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulated exocytosis involves the tightly controlled fusion of a transport vesicle with the plasma membrane. It includes processes as diverse as the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic nerve endings and the sperm-triggered deposition of a barrier preventing polyspermy in oocytes. Cell-free model systems have...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Avery J,Jahn R,Edwardson JM

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A characteristic feature of the human airway epithelium is the presence of ciliated cells bearing motile cilia, specialized cell surface projections containing axonemes composed of microtubules and dynein arms, which provide ATP-driven motility. In the airways, cilia function in concert with airway mucus to mediate th...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Tilley AE,Walters MS,Shaykhiev R,Crystal RG

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to the well established action of PTH in proximal tubules and of AVP in collecting tubules, polypeptide hormones were recently shown to regulate transport properties in other tubular portions. Although still scarce, such physiological studies using isolated perfused tubules demonstrated hormonal effects in...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Morel F,Imbert-Teboul M,Chabardès D

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last five years, cDNAs and genes encoding more than 20 neuroendocrine peptides have been cloned. The information gleaned from these genes has been largely structural to this point, and illustrates the great versatility of neuroendocrine genes in generating diverse sets of bioactive peptides. An ongoing cont...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Mayo KE,Evans RM,Rosenfeld GM

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NaCl absorption along the nephron is regulated not just by humoral factors but also by factors that do not circulate or act on the cells where they are produced. Generally, nitric oxide (NO) inhibits NaCl absorption along the nephron. However, the effects of NO in the proximal tubule are controversial and may be bipha...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Garvin JL,Herrera M,Ortiz PA

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple organic anion transporters in the proximal tubule of the kidney are involved in the secretion of drugs, toxic compounds, and their metabolites. Many of these compounds are potentially hazardous on accumulation, and it is therefore not surprising that the proximal tubule is also an important target for toxicit...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Russel FG,Masereeuw R,van Aubel RA

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung development differs in the embryo and fetus with regard to branching pattern and organization of the epithelial cells. The surrounding mesodermal component, the capsule, has long been known to play a role in branching. As a result of recent analyses of distribution of components of the extracellular matrix couple...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Hilfer SR

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the central questions in neurobiology is how experience modifies neural function, and how changes in the nervous system permit an animal to adapt its behavior to a changing environment. Learning and adaptation to a host of different environmental stimuli exemplify processes we know must alter the nervous system...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Kauer JA

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Identification of the sites and mechanisms underlying the generation of respiratory rhythm is of longstanding interest to physiologists and neurobiologists. Recently, with the development of novel experimental preparations, especially in vitro en bloc and slice preparations of rodent brainstem, progress has been made ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Rekling JC,Feldman JL

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Helicobacter pylori is a neutralophilic, gram-negative, ureolytic organism that is able to colonize the human stomach but does not survive in a defined medium with a pH <4.0 unless urea is present. In order to live in the gastric environment, it has developed a repertoire of acid resistance mechanisms that can be clas...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Sachs G,Weeks DL,Melchers K,Scott DR

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low oxygen (O2) levels are a naturally occurring feature of embryonic development, adult physiology, and diseases such as those of the cardiovascular system. Although many responses to O2 deprivation are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), researchers are finding a growing number of HIF-independent pathways ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Simon MC,Liu L,Barnhart BC,Young RM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Liver X receptors (LXRs) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are nuclear receptors that function as intracellular sensors for sterols and bile acids, respectively. In response to their ligands, these receptors induce transcriptional responses that maintain a balanced, finely tuned regulation of cholesterol and bile acid me...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Kalaany NY,Mangelsdorf DJ

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular architectures of SMP and SRP differ, yet the functional analogies between CAM-associated SMP and SRP are numerous. Most of the divergences observed may have their root in different behavior during dephosphorylation (see Table 1). ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Schatzmann HJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart's response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli that impose increased biomechanical stress. While hypertrophy can eventually normalize wall tension, it is associated with an unfavorable outcome and threatens affected patients with sudden death or progression to overt heart f...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Frey N,Olson EN

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles to survive extremes of oxygen availability derives from a core triad of adaptations: profound metabolic suppression, tolerance of ionic and pH disturbances, and mechanisms for avoiding free-radical injury during reoxygenation. For long-term anoxic survival, enhanced stor...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bickler PE,Buck LT

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Circadian clocks organize behavior and physiology to adapt to daily environmental cycles. Genetic approaches in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have revealed widely conserved molecular gears of these 24-h timers. Yet much less is known about how these cell-autonomous clocks confer temporal information to modul...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Allada R,Chung BY

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The life of a human lung can be subdivided into five distinct phases: embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar. The embryonic period, during which the lung primordium is laid down as a diverticulum of the foregut, lasts for about seven weeks. From the 5th to the 17th week the lung looks much lik...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Burri PH

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian liver is one of the most regenerative tissues in the body, capable of fully recovering mass and function after a variety of injuries. This factor alone makes the liver unusual among mammalian tissues, but even more atypical is the widely held notion that the method of repair depends on the manner of inju...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Stanger BZ

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cost of living can be measured as an animal's metabolic rate. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is factorially related to other metabolic rates. Analysis of BMR variation suggests that metabolism is a series of linked processes varying in unison. Membrane processes, such as maintenance of ion gradients, are important cos...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Hulbert AJ,Else PL

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The most striking characteristics of the myenteric plexus are the heterogeneity of its neuronal populations and the complexity of its organization. Myenteric neurons greatly differ in their morphological characteristics, projection patterns, and topographical arrangement within the ganglia. The discovery of histochemi...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Sternini C

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the immune-competent cells of the brain, microglia play an increasingly important role in maintaining normal brain function. They invade the brain early in development, transform into a highly ramified phenotype, and constantly screen their environment. Microglia are activated by any type of pathologic event or cha...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Wolf SA,Boddeke HW,Kettenmann H

更新日期：2017-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The question of respiratory factors limiting exercise has been examined in terms of possible limitations arising from the function of gas exchange, the respiratory mechanics, the energetics of the respiratory muscles, or the development of respiratory muscle fatigue. Exercise capacity is curtailed in the presence of m...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bye PT,Farkas GA,Roussos C

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nearly every cell in the kidney can volume regulate in response to a hypertonic challenge. Some are able to respond immediately to hyperosmotic media by a RVI. Other cells require stimulation prior to exposure to hyperosmolarity to demonstrate RVI. An increase of intracellular osmolytes during RVI usually occurs by an...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Montrose-Rafizadeh C,Guggino WB

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The last seven years have been exciting in the world of mucin biology. Molecular analyses of mucin genes and deduced protein structures have provided insight into structural features of mucins and tools with which to examine expression, secretion, and glycosylation, thereby enabling a better understanding of the role ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Gendler SJ,Spicer AP

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian kidney is a highly complex organ that requires the precise structural arrangement of multiple cell types for effective function. The need to filter large volumes of plasma at the glomerulus followed by active reabsorption of nearly 99% of that filtrate by the tubules creates vulnerability in both compart...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Guo JK,Cantley LG

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia elicits an array of compensatory responses in animals ranging from protozoa to mammals. Central among these responses is anapyrexia, the regulated decrease of body temperature. The importance of anapyrexia lies in the fact that it reduces oxygen consumption, increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, and...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Steiner AA,Branco LG

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00