Distribution of hormone-dependent adenylate cyclase in the nephron and its physiological significance.

abstract：:Tremendous progress has been made in elucidating numerous critical aspects of estrogen signaling. New tools and techniques have enabled detailed molecular analysis of components that direct estrogen responses. At the other end of the spectrum, generation of a multiplicity of transgenic animals has allowed analysis of ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Hewitt SC,Harrell JC,Korach KS

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cl- transport in the loop of Henle is responsible for reclamation of 25-40% of the filtered NaCl load and for the formation of dilute urine. Our understanding of the physiologic and molecular mechanisms responsible for Cl- reabsorption in both the thin ascending limb and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop has increa...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Reeves WB,Winters CJ,Andreoli TE

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles to survive extremes of oxygen availability derives from a core triad of adaptations: profound metabolic suppression, tolerance of ionic and pH disturbances, and mechanisms for avoiding free-radical injury during reoxygenation. For long-term anoxic survival, enhanced stor...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bickler PE,Buck LT

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last five years, cDNAs and genes encoding more than 20 neuroendocrine peptides have been cloned. The information gleaned from these genes has been largely structural to this point, and illustrates the great versatility of neuroendocrine genes in generating diverse sets of bioactive peptides. An ongoing cont...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Mayo KE,Evans RM,Rosenfeld GM

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent knowledge of the renal epithelial transport systems has exploded with the identification, cloning, and characterization of a large number of membrane transport proteins. The fundamental aspects of these transporters are beginning to emerge at the molecular level and are summarized in the accompanying contri...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Warnock DG

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review, we have traced the path of estradiol from its entry into the cell to the time of its release from the receptor. We feel that all of the current models are limited in one respect or another. We have examined most critically those currently most in vogue. The entry of estradiol into the cell is widely as...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Gorski J,Gannon F

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional intracellular organelle, a component of the cellular reticular network that allows cells to adjust to a wide variety of conditions. The cardiomyocyte reticular network is the ideal location of sensors for both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that disrupt energy and/o...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Groenendyk J,Agellon LB,Michalak M

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by changes in the pial and parenchymal microcirculations. SVD produces reductions in cerebral blood flow and impaired blood-brain barrier function, which are leading contributors to age-related reductions in brain health. End-organ effects are diverse, resulting in ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： De Silva TM,Faraci FM

更新日期：2020-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A largely unilamellar epithelial layer lines body cavities and organ ducts such as the digestive tract and kidney tubules. This polarized epithelium is composed of biochemically and functionally separate apical and basolateral surfaces. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is a critical regula...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Singh B,Coffey RJ

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of the myocardium to successfully compensate for and adapt to environmental stress ultimately determines whether the heart will decompensate and fail or maintain preserved function. Despite the importance of the myocardial response to environmental stress, very little is known with respect to the biochemic...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Mann DL

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pituitary gonadotropic hormones, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (lutienizing hormone) play important roles in regulating both the steroidogenic and gametogenic functions of the ovary. The secretion of pituitary gonadotropins is controlled, in turn, by feedback influences, both negative and positive, ex...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Leung PC,Armstrong DT

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:I was pleased to receive the invitation to write this prefactory chapter. In doing so, I join a number of physiologists whose work and writings I have often admired. There are two aspects of my experience in physiology that I discuss here. The first concerns my own research accomplishments. The second is my role in de...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Hunt CC

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, it has become apparent that ligand-gated ion channels (ionotropic receptors) in the neuronal plasma membrane interact via their cytoplasmic domains with a multitude of intracellular proteins. Different classes of ligand-gated channels associate with distinct sets of intracellular proteins, often throu...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Sheng M,Pak DT

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and the normal tissue environment. Three broad pathways control polar...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Murray PJ

更新日期：2017-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:When compiling results obtained with various techniques, it appears that the apical Na translocators are channels of high Na, Li selectivity that permit large transport rates at low driving forces. The concentration dependence of the transport rate is linear at least up to 60 mM Nao. The voltage dependence is of the G...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Lindemann B

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Practical limitations of the patch-clamp technique when recording mechanogated membrane ion channels are considered. Mechanical overstimulation of the patch or the cell from excessive suction/pressure protocols induces morphological and functional changes. In particular, the plasma membrane becomes decoupled from the ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Hamill OP,McBride DW Jr

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An intriguing aspect of animal diversity is the wide range of maximal mass-specific metabolic rates attainable by various species. Metabolic ceilings vary with respect to whether hypermetabolic states involve relatively short bouts of burst or aerobic exercise, or long-term physical activity wherein time-averaged rate...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Suarez RK

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite continuous interest in cardiac hypertrophy, our knowledge of its molecular aspects is still elementary. Recently, however, several advancements of particular interest have been made: (a) Nuclei of muscle and nonmuscle cells have been separated, allowing for the first time the study of nuclear activity in speci...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Zak R,Rabinowitz M

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The last seven years have been exciting in the world of mucin biology. Molecular analyses of mucin genes and deduced protein structures have provided insight into structural features of mucins and tools with which to examine expression, secretion, and glycosylation, thereby enabling a better understanding of the role ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Gendler SJ,Spicer AP

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium and sodium absorption by the kidney normally proceed in parallel. However, a number of physiological, pharmacological, pathological, and genetic conditions dissociate this relation. In each instance, the dissociation can be traced to the distal convoluted tubule, where calcium and sodium transport are inversel...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Friedman PA

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has brought together a broad community of scientists interested in measuring the neural basis of the human mind. Because fMRI signals are an indirect measure of neural activity, interpreting these signals to make deductions about the nervous system requir...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Logothetis NK,Wandell BA

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiotensin receptors are present in a number of organs and systems including heart, kidney, gonad, and placenta; pituitary and adrenal glands; the peripheral vessels, and the central nervous system. This octapeptide exerts diverse effects that include induction of cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia and a stimulation...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Matsusaka T,Ichikawa I

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple organic anion transporters in the proximal tubule of the kidney are involved in the secretion of drugs, toxic compounds, and their metabolites. Many of these compounds are potentially hazardous on accumulation, and it is therefore not surprising that the proximal tubule is also an important target for toxicit...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Russel FG,Masereeuw R,van Aubel RA

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the efforts to find a place map of sound direction within the auditory system of mammals has been reinspired by the recent discoveries in owl, progress to date has not been encouraging. Neither the inferior colliculus nor auditory cortex has yielded immediate evidence of such a map, despite ingenious and pers...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Masterton RB,Imig TJ

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is apparent that proton transport plays an important role in many essential hepatocyte functions. Important unanswered issues include the location of the H+-ATPase and its role in hepatic functions, the regulators of Na+-H+ exchange, the exact role of Na+-H+ exchange in bile formation and in hepatic regeneration, a...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Scharschmidt BF,Van Dyke RW

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to control cell functions, hormones and neurotransmitters generate an amazing diversity of Ca2+ signals such as local and global Ca2+ elevations and also Ca2+ oscillations. In pancreatic acinar cells, cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates secretion of digestive enzyme and promotes cell growth, whereas acetylcholin...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Cancela JM

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current information indicates that the mammalian kidney is a significant site of EGF synthesis, second only to the salivary gland in the rodent and probably exceeding most other tissues in the human species. The prepro EGF mRNA is localized to the cells of the TALH and the DCT. The EGF mRNA transcript in kidney is sim...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Fisher DA,Salido EC,Barajas L

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many behaviors require rapid and precisely timed synaptic transmission. These include the determination of a sound's direction by detecting small interaural time differences and visual processing, which relies on synchronous activation of large populations of neurons. In addition, throughout the brain, concerted firin...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Sabatini BL,Regehr WG

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phosphoinositides PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 are concentrated in plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells, and excluded from endosomes, whereas PtdIns(3)P is formed in these latter intracellular membranes and is apparently excluded from the plasma membrane. The logic of this asymmetric disposition is now reveal...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Czech MP

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A thorough consideration of the evidence for striated muscle cell transmembrane nucleotide movement provides only equivocal support for adenine nucleotide specific translocation across cell membranes. It is obvious that nucleotide-derived adenosine is taken up into cells in preference to free adenosine, and it is impo...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Rovetto MJ

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00