Myocardial nucleotide transport.

abstract：:Calcium and sodium absorption by the kidney normally proceed in parallel. However, a number of physiological, pharmacological, pathological, and genetic conditions dissociate this relation. In each instance, the dissociation can be traced to the distal convoluted tubule, where calcium and sodium transport are inversel...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Friedman PA

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite continuous interest in cardiac hypertrophy, our knowledge of its molecular aspects is still elementary. Recently, however, several advancements of particular interest have been made: (a) Nuclei of muscle and nonmuscle cells have been separated, allowing for the first time the study of nuclear activity in speci...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Zak R,Rabinowitz M

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last five years, cDNAs and genes encoding more than 20 neuroendocrine peptides have been cloned. The information gleaned from these genes has been largely structural to this point, and illustrates the great versatility of neuroendocrine genes in generating diverse sets of bioactive peptides. An ongoing cont...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Mayo KE,Evans RM,Rosenfeld GM

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As stated earlier, the mammalian ovary maintains the continuous development of follicles, but only a few are selected to ovulate and form corpora lutea. These processes are regulated primarily by the gonadotropins and involve specific, sequential changes in the function of theca cells and granulosa cells. Data from re...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Richards JS,Hedin L

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by changes in the pial and parenchymal microcirculations. SVD produces reductions in cerebral blood flow and impaired blood-brain barrier function, which are leading contributors to age-related reductions in brain health. End-organ effects are diverse, resulting in ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： De Silva TM,Faraci FM

更新日期：2020-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The pituitary gonadotropic hormones, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (lutienizing hormone) play important roles in regulating both the steroidogenic and gametogenic functions of the ovary. The secretion of pituitary gonadotropins is controlled, in turn, by feedback influences, both negative and positive, ex...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Leung PC,Armstrong DT

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays several diverse regulatory and patterning roles during organogenesis of the intestine and in the regulation of adult intestinal homeostasis. In the embryo, fetus, and adult, intestinal Hh signaling is paracrine: Hh ligands are expressed in the endodermally derived epithelium, ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Walton KD,Gumucio DL

更新日期：2020-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular and functional evidence indicates that a variety of Ca(2+)-dependent chloride (Cl(Ca)) channels are involved in fluid secretion from secretory epithelial cells in different tissues and species. Most Cl(Ca) channels so far characterized have an I- permeability greater than Cl-, and most are sensitive to 4,4'-...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Kidd JF,Thorn P

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cl- transport in the loop of Henle is responsible for reclamation of 25-40% of the filtered NaCl load and for the formation of dilute urine. Our understanding of the physiologic and molecular mechanisms responsible for Cl- reabsorption in both the thin ascending limb and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop has increa...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Reeves WB,Winters CJ,Andreoli TE

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has imparted renewed impetus to the study of the mechanisms of appetite regulation. Digestion and nutrient absorption take place in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, whereas food intake is controlled by neuronal circuits in the central nervous system. The need for gut-brai...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Chaudhri OB,Salem V,Murphy KG,Bloom SR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized to dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat as a defense against cold and excessive feeding. Interest in the field of BAT biology has exploded in the past few years because of the therapeutic potential of BAT to counteract obesity and obesity-related diseases, including i...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Kajimura S,Saito M

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intercellular channels present in gap junctions allow cells to share small molecules and thus coordinate a wide range of behaviors. Remarkably, although junctions provide similar functions in all multicellular organisms, vertebrates and invertebrates use unrelated gene families to encode these channels. The recent ide...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： White TW,Paul DL

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low oxygen (O2) levels are a naturally occurring feature of embryonic development, adult physiology, and diseases such as those of the cardiovascular system. Although many responses to O2 deprivation are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), researchers are finding a growing number of HIF-independent pathways ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Simon MC,Liu L,Barnhart BC,Young RM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A precise description of the involvement of G proteins in regulation of the cardiovascular system is not possible at the present time although it is clear that they do have important regulatory roles. The cardiovascular system is composed of a variety of cell types, which are subject to control by several different ho...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Robishaw JD,Foster KA

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium (Ca) is a universal intracellular second messenger. In muscle, Ca is best known for its role in contractile activation. However, in recent years the critical role of Ca in other myocyte processes has become increasingly clear. This review focuses on Ca signaling in cardiac myocytes as pertaining to electrophys...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bers DM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many behaviors require rapid and precisely timed synaptic transmission. These include the determination of a sound's direction by detecting small interaural time differences and visual processing, which relies on synchronous activation of large populations of neurons. In addition, throughout the brain, concerted firin...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Sabatini BL,Regehr WG

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the immune-competent cells of the brain, microglia play an increasingly important role in maintaining normal brain function. They invade the brain early in development, transform into a highly ramified phenotype, and constantly screen their environment. Microglia are activated by any type of pathologic event or cha...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Wolf SA,Boddeke HW,Kettenmann H

更新日期：2017-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:I was pleased to receive the invitation to write this prefactory chapter. In doing so, I join a number of physiologists whose work and writings I have often admired. There are two aspects of my experience in physiology that I discuss here. The first concerns my own research accomplishments. The second is my role in de...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Hunt CC

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia elicits an array of compensatory responses in animals ranging from protozoa to mammals. Central among these responses is anapyrexia, the regulated decrease of body temperature. The importance of anapyrexia lies in the fact that it reduces oxygen consumption, increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, and...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Steiner AA,Branco LG

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiotensin receptors are present in a number of organs and systems including heart, kidney, gonad, and placenta; pituitary and adrenal glands; the peripheral vessels, and the central nervous system. This octapeptide exerts diverse effects that include induction of cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia and a stimulation...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Matsusaka T,Ichikawa I

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulated exocytosis involves the tightly controlled fusion of a transport vesicle with the plasma membrane. It includes processes as diverse as the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic nerve endings and the sperm-triggered deposition of a barrier preventing polyspermy in oocytes. Cell-free model systems have...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Avery J,Jahn R,Edwardson JM

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular architectures of SMP and SRP differ, yet the functional analogies between CAM-associated SMP and SRP are numerous. Most of the divergences observed may have their root in different behavior during dephosphorylation (see Table 1). ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Schatzmann HJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart's response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli that impose increased biomechanical stress. While hypertrophy can eventually normalize wall tension, it is associated with an unfavorable outcome and threatens affected patients with sudden death or progression to overt heart f...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Frey N,Olson EN

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is apparent that proton transport plays an important role in many essential hepatocyte functions. Important unanswered issues include the location of the H+-ATPase and its role in hepatic functions, the regulators of Na+-H+ exchange, the exact role of Na+-H+ exchange in bile formation and in hepatic regeneration, a...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Scharschmidt BF,Van Dyke RW

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focuses on the role of the venous valves in the genesis of thrombus formation in venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Clinical VTE and the evidence for the valvular origin of venous thrombosis are reviewed. Virchow's triad is then used as a framework for discussion to approach the question posed regarding ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bovill EG,van der Vliet A

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past three years have seen remarkable progress in research on the molecular basis of inward rectification, with significant implications for basic understanding and pharmacological manipulation of cellular excitability. Expression cloning of the first inward rectifier K channel (Kir) genes provided the necessary b...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Nichols CG,Lopatin AN

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The glycolytic enzyme glucokinase plays a key role in glucose sensing by the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells, and mutations in the gene encoding this enzyme are a common cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), a form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus characterized by autosomal-dominant i...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bell GI,Pilkis SJ,Weber IT,Polonsky KS

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serum/glucocorticoid-induced kinase Sgk1 plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial ion transport. This kinase is very rapidly regulated at the transcriptional level as well as via posttranslational modifications involving phosphorylation by the MAP or PI-3 kinase pathways and/or ubiquitylation. Altho...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Loffing J,Flores SY,Staub O

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide has resulted in scientific projections of changes in global temperatures, climate in general, and surface seawater chemistry. Although the consequences to ecosystems and communities of metazoans are only beginning to be revealed, a key to forecasting expected changes in animal communi...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Hofmann GE,Todgham AE

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The last seven years have been exciting in the world of mucin biology. Molecular analyses of mucin genes and deduced protein structures have provided insight into structural features of mucins and tools with which to examine expression, secretion, and glycosylation, thereby enabling a better understanding of the role ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Gendler SJ,Spicer AP

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00