Abstract:
:Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and the normal tissue environment. Three broad pathways control polarization: epigenetic and cell survival pathways that prolong or shorten macrophage development and viability, the tissue microenvironment, and extrinsic factors, such as microbial products and cytokines released in inflammation. A plethora of advances have provided a framework for rationally purifying, describing, and manipulating macrophage polarization. Here, I assess the current state of knowledge about macrophage polarization and enumerate the major questions about how activated macrophages regulate the physiology of normal and damaged tissues.
journal_name
Annu Rev Physioljournal_title
Annual review of physiologyauthors
Murray PJdoi
10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034339subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-02-10 00:00:00pages
541-566eissn
0066-4278issn
1545-1585journal_volume
79pub_type
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