Role of platelet-derived growth factor in renal injury.

abstract：:Angiotensin receptors are present in a number of organs and systems including heart, kidney, gonad, and placenta; pituitary and adrenal glands; the peripheral vessels, and the central nervous system. This octapeptide exerts diverse effects that include induction of cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia and a stimulation...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Matsusaka T,Ichikawa I

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrine disrupting chemicals are common in our environment and act on hormone systems and signaling pathways to alter physiological homeostasis. Gestational exposure can disrupt developmental programs, permanently altering tissues with impacts lasting into adulthood. The brain is a critical target for developmental ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Nesan D,Kurrasch DM

更新日期：2020-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:As the immune-competent cells of the brain, microglia play an increasingly important role in maintaining normal brain function. They invade the brain early in development, transform into a highly ramified phenotype, and constantly screen their environment. Microglia are activated by any type of pathologic event or cha...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Wolf SA,Boddeke HW,Kettenmann H

更新日期：2017-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents, termed If, Ih, or Iq, were initially discovered in heart and nerve cells over 20 years ago. These currents contribute to a wide range of physiological functions, including cardiac and neuronal pacemaker activity, the setting of resting potentials, input conductance and leng...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Robinson RB,Siegelbaum SA

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Marine teleosts at high latitudes can encounter ice-laden seawater that is approximately 1 degrees C colder than the colligative freezing point of their body fluids. They avoid freezing by producing small antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that adsorb to ice and halt its growth, thereby producing an additional non-colligative...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Fletcher GL,Hew CL,Davies PL

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays several diverse regulatory and patterning roles during organogenesis of the intestine and in the regulation of adult intestinal homeostasis. In the embryo, fetus, and adult, intestinal Hh signaling is paracrine: Hh ligands are expressed in the endodermally derived epithelium, ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Walton KD,Gumucio DL

更新日期：2020-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:My scientific life has been spent trying to understand how cells communicate with each other. This interest in cell signaling began with studies on the control of fluid secretion by an insect salivary gland, and the subsequent quest led to the discovery of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and its role in calcium signaling...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Berridge MJ

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by changes in the pial and parenchymal microcirculations. SVD produces reductions in cerebral blood flow and impaired blood-brain barrier function, which are leading contributors to age-related reductions in brain health. End-organ effects are diverse, resulting in ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： De Silva TM,Faraci FM

更新日期：2020-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Myocardial K+ currents function to control resting membrane potentials, the heights and durations of action potentials, and refractoriness and automaticity. They are important targets for the actions of transmitters and hormones or drugs known, or postulated, to modulate cardiac functioning. A variety of K+ currents t...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Barry DM,Nerbonne JM

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ceramide is a sphingosine-based lipid signaling molecule that regulates cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The emerging picture suggests that coupling of ceramide to specific signaling cascades is both stimulus and cell-type specific. Ceramide action is determined within the context of other stimu...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Kolesnick RN,Krönke M

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A vast number of proteins are involved in synaptic function. Many have been cloned and their functional role defined with varying degrees of success, but their number and complexity currently defy any molecular understanding of the physiology of synapses. A beacon of success in this medieval era of synaptic biology is...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Mayer ML,Armstrong N

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple mechanisms contribute to the regulation of G protein-coupled receptors and their transmembrane signaling. Post-translational modifications of the receptors, such as phosphorylation, and changes in receptor gene expression can occur in either a strictly agonist-dependent fashion or through second messenger-med...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Collins S,Caron MG,Lefkowitz RJ

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a growing global health concern, yet no treatment is currently available to prevent it or to promote kidney repair after injury. Animal models demonstrate that the macrophage is a major contributor to the inflammatory response to AKI. Emerging data from human biopsies also corroborate the ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Huen SC,Cantley LG

更新日期：2017-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The serum/glucocorticoid-induced kinase Sgk1 plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial ion transport. This kinase is very rapidly regulated at the transcriptional level as well as via posttranslational modifications involving phosphorylation by the MAP or PI-3 kinase pathways and/or ubiquitylation. Altho...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Loffing J,Flores SY,Staub O

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tremendous progress has been made in elucidating numerous critical aspects of estrogen signaling. New tools and techniques have enabled detailed molecular analysis of components that direct estrogen responses. At the other end of the spectrum, generation of a multiplicity of transgenic animals has allowed analysis of ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Hewitt SC,Harrell JC,Korach KS

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are building blocks for all life-forms. We review here the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in mammalian physiology. Decades of studies have elicited a deep understanding of biochemical reactions involved in BCAA catabolism. In addition, BCAAs and various catabolic products act as sig...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Neinast M,Murashige D,Arany Z

更新日期：2019-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The most striking characteristics of the myenteric plexus are the heterogeneity of its neuronal populations and the complexity of its organization. Myenteric neurons greatly differ in their morphological characteristics, projection patterns, and topographical arrangement within the ganglia. The discovery of histochemi...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Sternini C

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past three years have seen remarkable progress in research on the molecular basis of inward rectification, with significant implications for basic understanding and pharmacological manipulation of cellular excitability. Expression cloning of the first inward rectifier K channel (Kir) genes provided the necessary b...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Nichols CG,Lopatin AN

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The glycolytic enzyme glucokinase plays a key role in glucose sensing by the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells, and mutations in the gene encoding this enzyme are a common cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), a form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus characterized by autosomal-dominant i...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bell GI,Pilkis SJ,Weber IT,Polonsky KS

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart's response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli that impose increased biomechanical stress. While hypertrophy can eventually normalize wall tension, it is associated with an unfavorable outcome and threatens affected patients with sudden death or progression to overt heart f...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Frey N,Olson EN

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular architectures of SMP and SRP differ, yet the functional analogies between CAM-associated SMP and SRP are numerous. Most of the divergences observed may have their root in different behavior during dephosphorylation (see Table 1). ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Schatzmann HJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Distinct potassium, anion, and calcium channels in the plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane of plant cells have been identified and characterized by patch clamping. Primarily owing to advances in Arabidopsis genetics and genomics, and yeast functional complementation, many of the corresponding genes have been identif...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Ward JM,Mäser P,Schroeder JI

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional intracellular organelle, a component of the cellular reticular network that allows cells to adjust to a wide variety of conditions. The cardiomyocyte reticular network is the ideal location of sensors for both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that disrupt energy and/o...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Groenendyk J,Agellon LB,Michalak M

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When compiling results obtained with various techniques, it appears that the apical Na translocators are channels of high Na, Li selectivity that permit large transport rates at low driving forces. The concentration dependence of the transport rate is linear at least up to 60 mM Nao. The voltage dependence is of the G...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Lindemann B

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic components of most excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain. Spines accumulate rapidly during early postnatal development and undergo a substantial loss as animals mature into adulthood. In past decades, studies have revealed that the number and size of dendritic spines are regu...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Bhatt DH,Zhang S,Gan WB

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three families of growth factors/hormones have major effects on the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells. Two (FGF and TGF-beta) are potent inhibitors, and the third (IGF) exhibits a biphasic stimulatory action (but is not inhibitory even at high concentrations). All of these affect the expression of myogenin, one...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Florini JR,Ewton DZ,Magri KA

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reabsorption of amino acids, similar to that of glucose, is a major task of the proximal kidney tubule. Various amino acids are actively transported across the luminal brush border membrane into proximal tubule epithelial cells, most of which by cotransport. An important player is the newly identified cotransporter (s...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Verrey F,Ristic Z,Romeo E,Ramadan T,Makrides V,Dave MH,Wagner CA,Camargo SM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular and functional evidence indicates that a variety of Ca(2+)-dependent chloride (Cl(Ca)) channels are involved in fluid secretion from secretory epithelial cells in different tissues and species. Most Cl(Ca) channels so far characterized have an I- permeability greater than Cl-, and most are sensitive to 4,4'-...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Kidd JF,Thorn P

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low oxygen (O2) levels are a naturally occurring feature of embryonic development, adult physiology, and diseases such as those of the cardiovascular system. Although many responses to O2 deprivation are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), researchers are finding a growing number of HIF-independent pathways ...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Simon MC,Liu L,Barnhart BC,Young RM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent knowledge of the renal epithelial transport systems has exploded with the identification, cloning, and characterization of a large number of membrane transport proteins. The fundamental aspects of these transporters are beginning to emerge at the molecular level and are summarized in the accompanying contri...

journal_title：Annual review of physiology

authors： Warnock DG

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00