abstract：:One major determinant of systemic immunity during homeostasis and in certain complex multifactorial diseases (e.g. cancer and autoimmune conditions), is the gut microbiota. These commensals can shape systemic immune responses via translocation of metabolites, microbial cell wall components, and viable microbes. In the...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： McPherson AC,Pandey SP,Bender MJ,Meisel M

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An exemplar outcome of an immunology-based intervention is vaccine development; the current COVID-19 pandemic is a case in point. Can we build an immunology research ecosystem in Africa that nurtures discovery and enables translation? We see African immunologists as key agents of change and discuss obstacles and oppor...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Osier FHA,Mwandumba HC,Gray CM

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) have been classified into distinct subsets based on phenotype and ontogeny. In the past few years, high throughput single-cell approaches have revealed further heterogeneity of human DCs, in particular at the transcriptomic level. Herein examined, are recent studies describing new human DC popula...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Villar J,Segura E

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have reported paradoxical roles of inflammation in tumor immunity triggered by PD-1 checkpoint antibody (Ab) blockade. Here, we elaborate on this controversy and propose a new perspective that might help understand this paradox. Since inflammatory cytokines and PD-1 blockade are known to target differen...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Hill M,Segovia M,Russo S,Girotti MR,Rabinovich GA

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse class of hematological cancers, many of which arise from germinal center (GC)-experienced B cells. Thus GCs, the sites of antibody affinity maturation triggered during immune responses, also provide an environment that facilitates B cell oncogenic transformation. miRNAs provide ...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Fuertes T,Ramiro AR,de Yebenes VG

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the function of the circulating immune cell compartment has been studied in detail for decades, limitations in terms of access and cell yields from peripheral tissues have restricted our understanding of tissue-based immunity, particularly in humans. Recent advances in high-throughput protein analyses, transc...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Meininger I,Carrasco A,Rao A,Soini T,Kokkinou E,Mjösberg J

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy highlights the power of the immune system to control tumors, although a small patient subset responds to current immunotherapies. Additional approaches to mobilize antitumor immunity are required to overcome primary and acquired resistance to immunotherapy such as immune checkpo...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Kim HJ,Cantor H,Cosmopoulos K

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that ubiquitously tile the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to playing essential roles in healthy tissue, astrocytes exhibit an evolutionarily ancient response to all CNS insults, referred to as astrocyte reactivity. Long regarded as passive and homogeneous, astrocyte r...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Sofroniew MV

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The full potential of T cell-based immunotherapies remains limited by a variety of T cell extrinsic and intrinsic immunosuppressive mechanisms that can become imprinted to stably reduce the antitumor ability of T cells. Here, we discuss recent insights into memory CD8+ T cell differentiation and exhaustion and the ass...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Zebley CC,Gottschalk S,Youngblood B

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation-Induced cytidine Deaminase (AID) initiates affinity maturation and isotype switching by deaminating deoxycytidines within immunoglobulin genes, leading to somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). AID thus potentiates the humoral response to clear pathogens. Marking the 20th annivers...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Feng Y,Seija N,Di Noia JM,Martin A

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How innate immunity gave rise to adaptive immunity in vertebrates remains unknown. We propose an evolutionary scenario beginning with pathogen-associated molecular pattern(s) (PAMPs) being presented by molecule(s) on one cell to specific receptor(s) on other cells, much like MHC molecules and T cell receptors (TCRs). ...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Tsakou-Ngouafo L,Paganini J,Kaufman J,Pontarotti P

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation is usually considered as harmful; however, it is also necessary for tissue recovery after injury. Macrophages exert immune and nonimmune functions throughout this process. During skeletal muscle regeneration, they mount an inflammatory response while exerting trophic roles on muscle and mesenchymal stem c...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Chazaud B

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The typical functions of antibodies are based on linking the process of antigen recognition with initiation of innate immune reactions. With the introduction of modern research technologies and the use of sophisticated model systems, recent years have witnessed the discovery of a number of noncanonical functions of an...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Dimitrov JD,Lacroix-Desmazes S

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclically, during the day, increased permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier, allowing nutrient uptake, must be compensated for, to achieve increased protection against potentially harmful components. Seillet et al. demonstrate that, upon food intake, enteric neuron-derived VIP promotes anticipatory mucosal...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Quatrini L,Moretta L,Mingari MC

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD8+ T cell immunological memory of past antigen exposure can confer long-lived protection against infections or tumors. The fact that CD8+ memory T cells can have features of both naïve and effector cells has forced the field to struggle with several conceptual questions about the developmental origin of the cell and...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Lugli E,Galletti G,Boi SK,Youngblood BA

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are responsible for the early production of type 2 cytokines at mucosal barriers upon exposure to allergen. Inflammatory tissue environmental cues can influence ILC2 activity, and this cellular population can be further categorized into subtypes with additional or altern...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Ebihara T,Taniuchi I

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three studies published in Cell Reports (Hinks et al., Lamichhane et al., and Leng et al.) describe the transcriptome of human and mouse mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells after cognate and noncognate stimulation. The results confirm the variability of MAIT cell effector functions and provide evidence of a ne...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Salou M,Lantz O

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Platelets are central players in thrombosis and hemostasis but are increasingly recognized as key components of the immune system. They shape ensuing immune responses by recruiting leukocytes, and support the development of adaptive immunity. Recent data shed new light on the complex role of platelets in immunity. Her...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Nicolai L,Gaertner F,Massberg S

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult neurogenesis plays an important role in brain function and declines with aging. A recent report demonstrates clonal T cell expansion within neurogenic niches of the aged brain, impairing neurogenesis through IFNγ signaling (Dulken et al.,Nature, 2019). These results highlight T cells as important contributors to...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Rustenhoven J,Herz J,Kipnis J

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evolutionarily, how RAG endonucleases in vertebrate immune systems could shed dangerous transposon-like propensities, and instead, support the organized assembly of antigen receptor variable domains, has been unclear. Recent structural work by Schatz and colleagues (Nature, 2019) identifies features of the RAG endonuc...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Lieber MR

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyloid formation contributes to the development of progressive metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, while also serving functional roles in host defense. Emerging evidence suggests that as amyloidogenic peptides populate distinct aggregation states, they interact with different combinations of pattern recognition...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Westwell-Roper C,Verchere CB

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The termination of inflammation is governed by endogenous molecules collectively referred to as 'mediators of resolution' of inflammation. There is now strong evidence to suggest that failed resolution may underpin autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and could thus be targeted to decrease inflammation. There are many...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Sugimoto MA,Vago JP,Perretti M,Teixeira MM

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune 'checkpoint' inhibitors can increase the activity of tumor-resident cytotoxic lymphocytes and have revolutionized cancer treatment. Current therapies block inhibitory pathways in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and recent studies have shown similar programs in other effector populations such as natural killer (...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F,Cursons J,Huntington ND

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Homodimeric antibodies devoid of light chains have evolved multiple times through convergent evolution, yet their specific immunological functions remain poorly understood. We survey the molecular and structural features of these antibodies, their immunological functions in host defense, and reflect on the long-standi...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Brooks CL,Rossotti MA,Henry KA

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung capillaries, best known for vital gas exchange, also contribute to neutrophil margination, a phenomenon resulting in large numbers of pulmonary vascular neutrophils. Importantly, the functional relevance of neutrophil margination is unknown. Recent advances in microscopy have altered our understanding of why neut...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Granton E,Kim JH,Podstawka J,Yipp BG

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two studies show that adding NOTCH ligands to Flt3L cultures increases the yield of cDC1s from mouse and human progenitors. Moreover, these NOTCH-DCs more closely resemble in vivo DCs transcriptionally and functionally. This will be extremely valuable for studying DCs in vitro and for further developing autologous DC-...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Guilliams M,Scott CL

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Langerhans cells (LCs) are classically viewed as unique antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that originate from embryonic precursors and maintain themselves independently in the epidermis. However, recent studies have demonstrated that murine LCs in mucosal epithelia arise and are continuously replenished from circulating...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Hovav AH

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to exogenous ligands derived from pathogens, natural killer (NK) and other innate cells can recognize endogenous ligands that often act as markers of stress or damage. A recent study reports that one of these receptors, human NKp44, recognizes PDGF-DD, providing a rare example of the recognition of a solub...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Trinchieri G

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ocular surface is a unique mucosal immune compartment in which anatomical, physiological, and immunological features act in concert to foster a particularly tolerant microenvironment. These mechanisms are vital to the functional competence of the eye, a fact underscored by the devastating toll of excessive inflamm...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Foulsham W,Coco G,Amouzegar A,Chauhan SK,Dana R

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T follicular helper (TFH) cells are characteristically defined by their CXCR5 positivity and homing to B cell follicles in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). An expanded subpopulation of functionally comparable and phenotypically similar PD-1hiCXCR5-CD4+ T cells were recently identified in breast cancer (BC) and rheumat...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Gu-Trantien C,Willard-Gallo K

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NOD1 and NOD2 are pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system with well-established roles in sensing fragments of bacterial peptidoglycan. In addition to their role as microbial sensors, recent evidence indicates that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs) can also recognize a broader array of...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Keestra-Gounder AM,Tsolis RM

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mast cells are powerful immune modulators of the tissue microenvironment. Within seconds of activation, these cells release a variety of preformed biologically active products, followed by a wave of mediator synthesis and secretion. Increasing evidence suggests that an intricate network of inhibitory and activating re...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Bulfone-Paus S,Nilsson G,Draber P,Blank U,Levi-Schaffer F

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has created an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine. There is still a dearth of knowledge about ZIKV immunity, but years of investigation into the immunobiology of other flaviviruses has helped to accelerate the development of a ZIKV vaccine. Although the humoral immune re...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Lima NS,Rolland M,Modjarrad K,Trautmann L

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic viral infections and cancer often lead to the emergence of dysfunctional or 'exhausted' CD8+ T cells, and the restoration of their functions is currently the focus of therapeutic interventions. In this review, we detail recent advances in the annotation of the gene modules and the epigenetic landscape associat...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Wang C,Singer M,Anderson AC

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoires aims to comprehend Ig diversity with the goal of predicting humoral immune responses in the context of infection, vaccination, autoimmunity, and malignancies. The first next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses of bulk B cell populations dramatically advanced sampling depth ...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Wardemann H,Busse CE

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Beyond their role in neutralization, antibodies mediate functions such as phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Two modifications to the constant domain control antibody activity: theirreversible genomic selection of isotype/subclass and alterations in glycosylation. Because glycosylation ...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Jennewein MF,Alter G

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NLRP6, a member of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) innate immune receptor family, regulates inflammation and host defense against microorganisms. Similar to other NLRs, NLRP6 not only participates in inflammasome formation, but is also involved in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitog...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Levy M,Shapiro H,Thaiss CA,Elinav E

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-bet was originally described as the key transcription factor defining type 1 T helper (Th) cells. However, it is now clear that it drives the orchestrated generation of effector and memory cells in multiple different lymphocyte lineages. In addition to Th1 cells, CD8 T cells, B cells and some innate lymphocyte popul...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Kallies A,Good-Jacobson KL

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an immune disorder that not only causes increased susceptibility to infection, but also to inflammatory complications such as autoimmunity, lymphoid proliferation, malignancy, and granulomatous disease. Recent findings implicate the microbiome as a driver of this systemic imm...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Berbers RM,Nierkens S,van Laar JM,Bogaert D,Leavis HL

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glioblastoma is an aggressive and incurable primary brain tumor. While the blockade of immune checkpoints leads to reversal of T cell exhaustion in many cancers, the efficacy of this therapy in glioblastoma requires further consideration of the brain microenvironment beyond T cell activity. Neural cells are crucially ...

journal_title：Trends in immunology

authors： Mirzaei R,Sarkar S,Yong VW

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00