Abstract:
:How innate immunity gave rise to adaptive immunity in vertebrates remains unknown. We propose an evolutionary scenario beginning with pathogen-associated molecular pattern(s) (PAMPs) being presented by molecule(s) on one cell to specific receptor(s) on other cells, much like MHC molecules and T cell receptors (TCRs). In this model, mutations in MHC-like molecule(s) that bound new PAMP(s) would not be recognized by original TCR-like molecule(s), and new MHC-like gene(s) would be lost by neutral drift. Integrating recombination activating gene (RAG) transposon(s) in a TCR-like gene would result in greater recognition diversity, with new MHC-like variants recognized and selected, along with a new RAG/TCR-like system. MHC genes would be selected to present many peptides, through multigene families, allelic polymorphism, and peptide-binding promiscuity.
journal_name
Trends Immunoljournal_title
Trends in immunologyauthors
Tsakou-Ngouafo L,Paganini J,Kaufman J,Pontarotti Pdoi
10.1016/j.it.2020.05.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-07-01 00:00:00pages
561-571issue
7eissn
1471-4906issn
1471-4981pii
S1471-4906(20)30097-1journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::One major determinant of systemic immunity during homeostasis and in certain complex multifactorial diseases (e.g. cancer and autoimmune conditions), is the gut microbiota. These commensals can shape systemic immune responses via translocation of metabolites, microbial cell wall components, and viable microbes. In the...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.12.005
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are brain macrophages that emerge from early erythro-myeloid precursors in the embryonic yolk sac and migrate to the brain mesenchyme before the blood brain barrier is formed. They seed the brain, and proliferate until they have formed a grid-like distribution in the central nervous system that is maintained...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2015.08.005
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses are crucial in establishing the control of persistent virus infections. Population studies of HIV-1-infected individuals suggest that CD8(+) CTL responses targeting epitopes that take the greatest toll on virus replication are instrumental in immune control. A major questi...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2009.12.003
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of chronic, progressive disorders characterized by the gradual loss of neurons in discrete areas of the central nervous system (CNS). The mechanism(s) underlying their progressive nature remains unknown but a timely and well-controlled inflammatory reaction is essential for the i...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2008.05.002
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protection against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) by vaccination is often ascribed to the presence of TB-reactive T cells in the lung before infection. Challenging this view, new studies analyzing vaccine-induced T cells in various tissue compartments after parenteral immunization suggest a poor correlation between the p...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.it.2010.05.002
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic sclerosis (SSc, also known as scleroderma) has the highest case-specific mortality among the rheumatic diseases; however, advances in understanding of pathogenesis and an appreciation of the clinical heterogeneity of this disease, together with therapeutic advances in other areas, have raised the possibility ...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2005.09.002
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activation and differentiation of CD8 T cells is a necessary first step that endows these cells with the phenotypic and functional properties required for the control of intracellular pathogens. The induction of the CD8 T cell responses typically results in the development of a massive overall population of effect...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2011.01.004
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The highly polymorphic MHC class Ia molecules have a central role in adaptive immunity. By contrast, the closely related MHC class Ib molecules, which show limited polymorphism, are best known for regulating innate immune responses. Nevertheless, a recent area of interest is the emerging role of class Ib molecules in ...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2006.07.006
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral tolerance is a well-characterized phenomenon in animals and is highly effective when induced as a treatment for experimental autoimmune disease. However, its use as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of autoimmune disease in humans has been disappointing. Much of the rationale for its use in humans is based...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(01)01892-0
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To maintain prolonged colonization of the human gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori must avoid both innate and adaptive immune responses. During its long coexistence with humans, it has evolved complex strategies to maintain a mild inflammation of the gastric epithelium while limiting the extent of immune effector act...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2005.01.007
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic debilitating conditions, which impair the patient's quality of life significantly. Among them, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are idiopathic disorders for which an infective etiology has long been sought. Here, we present an opinion in support of the hypothesis th...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02000-2
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent epidemiological studies have shown that, in addition to disease-specific effects, vaccines against infectious diseases have nonspecific effects on the ability of the immune system to handle other pathogens. For instance, in randomized trials tuberculosis and measles vaccines are associated with a substantial re...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2013.04.004
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphocyte development has long served as an experimental paradigm, revealing fundamental mechanisms of gene regulation and cellular differentiation in mammals. The study of E-protein-mediated transcriptional regulation in lymphocyte development provides a means to address these mechanistic issues. Both genetic and bi...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2005.03.011
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-deletional tolerance resulting in the generation of regulatory T cells within the thymus is a key mechanism for the establishment of immunological self-tolerance. How the high-affinity self-reactive regulatory T cells escape negative selection and what type of antigen-presenting cells positively select them within...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.it.2006.03.004
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In lymphatic tissue, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs), mature after sensing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and subsequently activate T cell immunity. Non-pathogenic MAMPs, derived for example from commensal bacteria, are ...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2010.06.001
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory process resulting from activation of the well-defined interleukin (IL)-23/T17 cytokine axis. We review the role of key cytokines IL-17 and IL-23 in psoriasis, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, focusing on therapeutic cytokine interventions and what they reveal about psoriatic...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2012.11.005
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are in widespread use for the treatment of cancer. Their success as cancer therapeutics relies substantially on their ability to engage the immune system. Specifically, Fc-receptor-expressing immune cells mediate the killing of tumor cells by mAbs. Stimulation of these immune effector cell...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.it.2011.07.003
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is usually considered as harmful; however, it is also necessary for tissue recovery after injury. Macrophages exert immune and nonimmune functions throughout this process. During skeletal muscle regeneration, they mount an inflammatory response while exerting trophic roles on muscle and mesenchymal stem c...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.04.006
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms underlying the failure to control the growth and systemic spread of Leishmania parasites in human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are not well understood. Although the absence of antigen-specific Th1 responses in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from VL patients is thought to be causally related to di...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.07.004
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mast cells are currently recognized as effector cells in many settings beyond just allergic reactions, including innate immunity, autoimmunity, chronic inflammatory disorders and atherosclerosis. Signaling pathways of the mast cell response have been widely explored in the past but these are still linked with single a...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.06.007
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The workshop on Multiple Sclerosis and Chemokines: Prospects for Therapeutic and Prophylactic Intervention was held in Chevy Chase, MD, USA, from 9-10 July 2001. ...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type:
doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02056-7
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immune 'checkpoint' inhibitors can increase the activity of tumor-resident cytotoxic lymphocytes and have revolutionized cancer treatment. Current therapies block inhibitory pathways in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and recent studies have shown similar programs in other effector populations such as natural killer (...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2018.12.003
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cells have an amazing ability to discern and differentially respond to MHC-embedded peptides that can differ by only a single amino acid. This potential involves a combination of the precise ligand-binding specificities of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the distinct intracellular signaling processes it transmits. Sig...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2003.08.003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Senescent cells, albeit not proliferating, are metabolically and transcriptionally active, thereby capable of affecting their microenvironment, notably via the production of inflammatory mediators. These mediators maintain and propagate the senescence process to neighboring cells, and then recruit immune cells for cle...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2015.02.009
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy highlights the power of the immune system to control tumors, although a small patient subset responds to current immunotherapies. Additional approaches to mobilize antitumor immunity are required to overcome primary and acquired resistance to immunotherapy such as immune checkpo...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.08.010
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manipulating the immune system in order to induce clinically relevant responses against cancer is a longstanding goal. Interventions to enhance tumor-specific immunity through vaccination, sustaining effector T cell activation, or increasing the numbers of tumor-specific T cells using ex vivo expansion, have all resul...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2012.08.004
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The entry of exogenous antigen into the MHC class I-restricted cross-presentation pathway can contribute to CD8(+) T cell tolerance and immunity, in particular to peripheral self-antigens or selected viruses and bacteria showing restricted tissue tropism. Dendritic cells are the key cross-presenting cells and, as such...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.it.2006.12.008
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that ubiquitously tile the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to playing essential roles in healthy tissue, astrocytes exhibit an evolutionarily ancient response to all CNS insults, referred to as astrocyte reactivity. Long regarded as passive and homogeneous, astrocyte r...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.07.004
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dynamics plays an important but underappreciated role in the interaction between the T cell receptor (TCR) and peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). Crystallographic studies have provided key molecular insights into this interaction; however, due to inherent features of the structural approach, the im...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2014.10.005
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulated secretion of cellular proteins is central to the correct function of many cell types, including immune cells. Lymphocyte control of the storage, transport and exocytosis of immunomodulatory molecules is a highly specialised task triggered by T cell receptor engagement. The regulated secretory pathway in ...
journal_title:Trends in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.08.008
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00