abstract：:Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease of young chickens that causes considerable economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccination with live attenuated vaccines is still the most important method used for the control and prevention of IBD in chickens. Here...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Huić Babić K,Ljuma Skupnjak L,Zorman Rojs O,Halas M,Vrdoljak A

更新日期：2021-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The resolution revolution of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has made a significant impact on the structural analysis of the Pneumoviridae multifunctional RNA polymerases. In recent months, several high-resolution structures of apo RNA polymerases of Pneumoviridae, which includes the human respiratory syncytial vir...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Cao D,Liang B

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunization with hepatitis B vaccine is an effective measure for prevention and control of hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. Although lots of efforts to improve the effect of hepatitis B vaccine have been made, the function of human beta defensin 2 (hBD2) on hepatitis B vaccine keeps unclear. In this article, we rep...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Wang M,Zeng W,Zhang Z,Zhang W,Su H,Zhang Z,Jiang L,Liu Y,Shi Q

更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:We aimed to characterize the contribution of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in perpetuating the cytokine-mediated inflammatory setting related to liver damage in the context of obesity. Herein, serum samples from patients with liver disease were retrospectively analyzed and categorized as normal-weight patients (NW), overwei...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Viera-Segura O,Panduro A,Trujillo-Ochoa JL,Copado-Villagrana E,Torres-Valadez R,Sepulveda-Villegas M,Roman S,Fierro NA

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the WHO declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, huge efforts were made to understand the disease, its pathogenesis, and treatment. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), which is closely related to SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Assaf AM,Haddadin RN,Akour AA

更新日期：2020-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most profound enigmas in B cell biology is how activation-induced deaminase (AID) is targeted to a very small region of DNA in the immunoglobulin loci. Two specific regions are singled out: the variable region of 2 kb that contains rearranged genes on the heavy, κ light, and λ light chain loci, and the swit...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Heltzel JMH,Gearhart PJ

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and risk factors associated with CMV acquisition among pregnant women in Zimbabwe. In a cross-sectional study, pregnant women were recruited in late gestation, seeking antenatal care at council clinics in three high-density suburbs i...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Mhandire D,Duri K,Kaba M,Mhandire K,Musarurwa C,Chimusa E,Munjoma P,Mazengera L,Stray-Pedersen B,Dandara C

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is usually asymptomatic, therefore, early diagnosis is rare. It may remain undiagnosed in individuals who progress to chronic infection, often until serious liver damage has developed. To incorporate the diagnosis of this viral disease in a multiple-diagnostic assay, we first an...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Gauna A,Losada S,Lorenzo M,Toledo M,Bermúdez H,D'Angelo P,Sánchez D,Noya O

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 signaling pathway is known to induce type 1 interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory mediators leading to antiviral response against many viral infections. Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) has been shown to act as a ligand for TLR3 and, as such, has been a focus as a potential antiviral...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Ahmed-Hassan H,Abdul-Cader MS,Ahmed Sabry M,Hamza E,Sharif S,Nagy E,Abdul-Careem MF

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Altered T cell profiles have been linked with metrics of persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in healthy aging and older HIV patients stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this study, we use CMV DNA to identify active infections, and levels of CMV-reactive antibody to assess the persistent burden of CMV in...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Ariyanto IA,Estiasari R,Waters S,Wulandari EAT,Fernandez S,Lee S,Price P

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stage of liver fibrosis is critical for treatment decision and prediction of outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography (TE)-FibroScan and noninvasive serum markers tests in the assessment of liver fibrosis in CHC patients, in reference to liver biops...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Omran D,Zayed RA,Nabeel MM,Mobarak L,Zakaria Z,Farid A,Hassany M,Saif S,Mostafa M,Saad OK,Yosry A

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocannabinoid system plays an important role in pathophysiologic processes such as immune functions and impacts on disease severity. Our previous study showed that cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) affects clinical course of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. In this study, we investigated the role of cannabino...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Tahamtan A,Tavakoli-Yaraki M,Shadab A,Rezaei F,Marashi SM,Shokri F,Mokhatri-Azad T,Salimi V

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) signifies an important health issue as it is a globally prevalent pathogen and poses a great threat to human health. Direct antiviral therapy became a landmark in treatment against chronic HCV infection as they have proven to increase sustained virological response (SVR) rate, provide shortened...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Aziz H,Aziz M,Gill ML

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Empirically derived vaccines have in the past relied on the isolation and growth of disease-causing microorganisms that are then inactivated or attenuated before being administered. This is often done without prior knowledge of the mechanisms involved in conferring protective immunity. Recent advances in scientific te...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Chua BY,Sekiya T,Jackson DC

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important causal agent of premalignant cervical epithelial changes and cervical cancers. These cancers account for ∼5% of all cancers globally and kill more than a quarter million women annually. HPV infections also associate with certain anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Event...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Frazer IH

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza virus infections remain a significant health burden worldwide, despite available vaccines. Factors that contribute to this include a lack of broad coverage by current vaccines and continual emergence of novel virus strains. Further complicating matters, when influenza viruses infect a host, severe infections...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Smith AM,Huber VC

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to develop a new antigen delivery system using an alphavirus replicon particle (RP) to induce humoral antibody responses against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) recombinant antigen produced from envelope glycoprotein E2. An alphavirus RP expressing the E2 glycoprotein of BVDV was use...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Hossain MM,Rowland RR

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous research has evaluated antibody responses toward an influenza virus vaccine in the context of deficiencies for vitamins A and D (VAD+VDD). Results showed that antibodies and antibody-forming cells in the respiratory tract were reduced in VAD+VDD mice. However, effectors were recovered when oral supplements of...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Surman SL,Jones BG,Woodland DL,Hurwitz JL

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Essen regimen, the Thai Red Cross two-site ID regimen, Zagreb schedule, and the eight-site ID regimen are the standard rabies vaccines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, a liposomal rabies vaccine (LipoRV) was developed, which was found to facilitate the production of rabies virus neutr...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Miao L,Yang Y,Yan M,Li Y,Zhao J,Guo J,Zheng D

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs) are distributed worldwide in poultry farms. Some FAdVs are the causative agents of inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome that cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. In contrast with human adenovirus, the study of the molecular biology of FAdV is still f...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Deng L,Griffin BD,Pei Y,Leishman D,McBey BA,Sharif S,Nagy É

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe respiratory disease with significant mortality. Two testing methods are currently used for MERS-CoV diagnostics: nucleic acid detection (the gold standard) and serological analysis. In this study, we evaluated the detection of MERS-CoV-IgG in suspec...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Alhetheel A,Altalhi H,Albarrag A,Shakoor Z,Mohamed D,El-Hazmi M,Somily A,Barry M,Bakhrebah M,Nassar M

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To prepare the dominant multiepitope fusion antigen ROP2-SAG1 (RSmultiepitope) from Toxoplasma gondii in a prokaryotic system, the major immunodominant region (MIR) of the human hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg(MIR)) was used as a delivery vector. The gene encoding the RSmultiepitope was inserted into HBcAg(MIR),...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Wang W,Feng F,Lv J,Xie Z,Chen J,Zhang L,Li W

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptive B cell response is a key arm of protective immunity against influenza viruses. Owing to the acutely infectious and cytopathic nature of these viruses, efficient containment of viral spread relies on the prompt provision of protective antibodies to the site of virus infection, the respiratory tract (RT). To ac...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Takahashi Y,Onodera T,Adachi Y,Ato M

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus emerged in 1997 as a zoonotic disease in Hong Kong. It has since spread to Asia and Europe and is a serious threat to both the poultry industry and human health. For effective surveillance and possible prevention/control of HPAI H5N1 viruses, it is necessary to under...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Daidoji T,Watanabe Y,Arai Y,Kajikawa J,Hirose R,Nakaya T

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The innate immune system is the first line of defense against virus infection that triggers the expression of type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokines. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, resulting in the induction of innate immune responses. Viral RNA in...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Okamoto M,Tsukamoto H,Kouwaki T,Seya T,Oshiumi H

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Yellow fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV) and transmitted by mosquitoes of the family Culicidae. It is well known that cellular and viral microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in modulation of viral and cellular gene expression, as well as immune response, and are considered by the scientific...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Holanda GM,Casseb SMM,Mello KFL,Vasconcelos PFC,Cruz ACR

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) from two acute fatal cases of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) were analyzed using molecular detection and sequencing of the pVIII, E3, and fiber protein genes. Pathological findings in affected dogs were typical for CAdV-1 associated disease, characterized by severe centril...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Wong M,Woolford L,Hasan NH,Hemmatzadeh F

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study is an improvement on the antibody binding test, known as ABT method, to develop a simple and fast method in comparison with NIH for determination of rabies vaccine potency. In the current study, several commercial human and veterinary vaccines were tested using both modified ABT and NIH methods. The ED50 wa...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Asgary V,Mojtabavi N,Janani A,Mousavi T,Hadjati J,Khosravy MS,Ahangari Cohan R

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV infection is characterized by a high degree of immune activation. It has an impact on CD4 cell count and populations' distribution and function. T regulatory cells (Tregs) were found to play a controversial role in the course of infection because of their beneficial effect on the degree of immune activation and un...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Terzieva VI,Popova DN,Elenkov II

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was to evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) as an adjuvant for improving a commercial live attenuated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine efficacy in mice. Mice in the experimental group were intraperitoneally immunized with a solution of HT...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Tao W,Fu T,He Z,Hu R,Jia L,Hong Y

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis B and C infections can be either acute or chronic. The chronic infection can culminate in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Influence of the host genetic makeup on conversion of acute to chronic infection, development of cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma is an interesting area of research. ...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Rehman SU,Rauf M,Abbas Z,Hamed MH,Qadri I

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleotide-binding domain leucine repeats (NLRs) are required for the recognition of various molecules that are expressed within microbes and are able to actuate appropriate immune responses via activation of cytokines. The current study evaluates the expression levels of NLRP1 and NLRC4, which are components of infla...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Askari A,Nosratabadi R,Khaleghinia M,Zainodini N,Kennedy D,Shabani Z,Kazemi Arababadi M

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the developing countries, Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a predominant cause of sporadic acute hepatitis in adults and waterborne epidemics leading to high mortality in pregnant women. Vaccine development mainly focuses on the structural capsid protein open-reading-frame-2 (ORF-2) of the virus. We successfully evaluate...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Joshi SS,Arankalle VA

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A massive vaccination in Argentina was implemented recently. The antigenic dominants of VP7 in G9 and G1 rotavirus strains, circulating in La Rioja, Argentina with strain vaccines were compared. From 2000 to 2010 in several attention centers of La Rioja, at northwestern Argentina, 418 stool samples from children young...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Cuffia VI,Díaz Ariza Mdel C,Silvera A,Sabini LI,Cordoba PA

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Today, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered as one of the most significant international health concerns. Although novel therapeutic regimens against the infection have shown satisfactory results, no approved vaccine exists yet. This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for ...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Behzadi MA,Alborzi A,Kalani M,Pouladfar G,Dianatpour M,Ziyaeyan M

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the primary causative agents of acute hepatitis. It is noteworthy that HEV can develop chronic infection and even lead to liver cirrhosis; however, the mechanism has not been revealed. In this study, the ELISA assay was used to detect protein levels, and we found that HEV open reading...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Lei Q,Li L,Cai J,Huang W,Qin B,Zhang S

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue virus (DENV) is an arthropod-borne virus, which belongs to the Flaviviridae family, and completes its life cycle in two hosts: humans and mosquitoes. For DENV maturation, the surface pre-membrane (prM) protein is cleaved to form a mature membrane protein (M) by furin, which is a cellular enzyme subsequently rel...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Raheel U,Jamal M,Zaidi NU

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which is prevalent in many countries causing severe economic loss to the poultry industry, causes infectious bronchitis (IB) in birds. Recombinant single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) have been proven to effectively inhibit many viruses, both in vitro and in vivo, and they c...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Lin Y,Li B,Ye J,Wang M,Wang J,Zhang Y,Zhu J

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts, many of whom undergo significant periods of lymphopenia. However, the impact of lymphopenia and subsequent immune reconstitution on T cell responses and pulmonary pathology are poorly understood. Using a model of primar...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Shah PD,Zhong Q,Lendermon EA,Pipeling MR,McDyer JF

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the study was to evaluate pathologically the reproductive system of nonvaccinated and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-vaccinated sows/gilts, as well as the assessment of vaccination impact on their endometrium/myometrium and ovaries. In a farrow-to-finish farm, all sows and g...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Papatsiros V,Psalla D,Papaioannou D,Tassis P,Tzika E,Papaioannou N

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00