abstract：:Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal kinds of cancer; numerous patients die from it every year all over the word. Fewer than 5% of people with pancreatic cancer survive death and recover. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation parameters, such as Th17 cells and Tregs, affect the progression and even the dia...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Fu LQ,Yang X,Cai MH,Yao JY,Jin WW,Mou YP,Ma YY

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article is about my amazing immunological journey for more than a decade with Eli Sercarz as an achaarya, which in Sanskrit means enlightened mentor. My training and routine interactions with colleagues not only at Eli's laboratory but at University of California at Los Angeles, La Jolla Institute for Immunology,...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Chaturvedi VK

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The physicochemical properties of an antigen (Ag) influence the type, specificity, as well as duration of emerging immune responses. Like immune responses arising to nominal protein Ags, reactivities to protozoan parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei, the causative agents of human and mouse malaria, respecti...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Krzych U,Althubaiti N

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Operational tolerance (OT) is the phenomenon occurring in human renal and liver transplantation in which the body does not reject the organ after discontinuing immunosuppression for at least a year. We revisited the data generated by The Brazilian Multicenter Study on Operational Tolerance involving different conceptu...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Coelho V,Cabral A,Martins F,Arcuri H,Carmona P,Moraes-Vieira PMM,Lemos F,Fonseca SG,de Faria AC,Monteiro SM,Noronha I,Saitovitch D,Nakaya H,Ferreira LRP,Kalil J

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Communication between the nervous and immune systems is required for the body to regulate physiological homeostasis. Beta-adrenergic receptors expressed on immune cells mediate the modulation of immune response by neural activity. Activation of beta-adrenergic signaling results in suppression of antitumor immune respo...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Wang W,Cao X

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections in humans. This organism can exist as a commensal on the skin. However, it can also lead to severe infections. The immune system has evolved mechanisms to deal with microorganisms and has strategies to combat bacteria. The initial defense a...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Rasoul M,Rokhsareh M,Mohammad SM,Sajad K,Ahmadreza M

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Liver failure is a clinical syndrome with many causes, a complicated pathogenesis, diverse clinical manifestations, and very high mortality. No effective treatment is yet available. Main pathological processes of liver failure include direct damage to parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells that might be caused by ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Wu J,Han M,Li J,Yang X,Zhen X,Schlaak JF,Yang D,Lu M

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells equipped with the ability to rapidly kill stressed cells that are neoplastic or virally infected. These cells are especially important in settings where these stressed cells downregulate MHC class I molecules and evade recognition by cytotoxic T cells. However, the act...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Freund-Brown J,Chirino L,Kambayashi T

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3) is a transcriptional coactivator that interacts with nuclear receptors such as the estrogen receptor and the androgen receptor and several other transcription factors to enhance their effects on target gene expression. SRC-3 plays important roles in many developmental, physiologi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Chen W,Mo P,Yu C

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although immunotherapy has been at the forefront of cancer therapy for the last several years, better clinical responses are still desired. Interleukin-33 is perhaps one of the most overlooked antitumor cytokines. Its ability to promote type 1 immune responses, which control tumor growth in preclinical animal models i...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Dominguez D,Zhang Y,Zhang B

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-4 has been called the "prototypic immunoregulatory cytokine." Like many cytokines, it can affect a variety of target cells in multiple ways. IL-4 has an important role in regulating antibody production, hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the development of effector T-cell responses. It is produced only by a subset...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Brown MA,Hural J

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two signals are required for induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production in resting T cells. Occupancy of the T cell receptor by antigen/MHC complexes delivers the first signal to the T cell, while the second signal is provided by interaction with costimulatory ligands on APC. CD2, LFA-1, and CD28 are the ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Wingren AG,Parra E,Varga M,Kalland T,Sjogren HO,Hedlund G,Dohlsten M

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Implied under the rubric of the hygiene hypothesis is that helminth infection can protect against allergic disease. It is well known that helminths induce processes associated with type 2 immune responses, but they also induce important regulatory responses that can modulate these type 2-associated responses-modulatio...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Santiago Hda C,Nutman TB

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribosomal proteins have long been known to serve critical roles in facilitating the biogenesis of the ribosome and its ability to synthesize proteins. However, evidence is emerging that suggests ribosomal proteins are also capable of performing tissue-restricted, regulatory functions that impact normal development and...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Fahl SP,Wang M,Zhang Y,Duc AC,Wiest DL

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza infection remains a global threat to human health. Influenza viruses are normally controlled by antibodies specific for the surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Standard influenza vaccines are aimed at inducing these antibodies, but they must be administered annually and can be re...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Grant EJ,Chen L,Quiñones-Parra S,Pang K,Kedzierska K,Chen W

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since tumor cell plasticity was first shown to be crucial in tumor promotion and immune surveillance evasion, it has become an issue of intense investigation. Several mechanisms are associated with the acquisition of tumor cell plasticity and immune evasion, including loss of epithelial phenotype through epithelial-to...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Chouaib S,Janji B,Tittarelli A,Eggermont A,Thiery JP

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is a recently discovered lipid-derived mediator that is endogenously synthesized from the polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid. RvE1 is locally generated in response to inflammation where it enhances the resolution phase of inflammation by diminishing neutrophil chemotaxis and by enhanci...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Gyurko R,Van Dyke TE

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intake of nutrients from the environment is fundamental to cellular activity. The requirement of nutrients depends on the situation in which cells are placed. Activation of T cells changes the structure and scale of cellular metabolism, which requires a large amount of nutrients. Hydrophilic nutrients such as glucose ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Hayashi K,Anzai N

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer are heterogeneous even when considering common features such as stage, response to therapy, and grade. This disparity in outcomes warrants further exploration into tumor and host characteristics. One compelling host characteristic is the immune response to ovarian cancer. While seve...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Charbonneau B,Goode EL,Kalli KR,Knutson KL,Derycke MS

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic infectious diseases such as HIV, HBV, and HCV, among others, cause severe morbidity and mortality globally. Progressive decline in CD8 functionality, survival, and proliferative potential-a phenomenon referred to as CD8 exhaustion-is believed to be responsible for poor pathogen control in chronic infectious di...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Bhadra R,Cobb DA,Khan IA

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic diseases are an increasing health concern, particularly in the developed world. The standard clinical approach to treatment of allergic disease focuses on allergen avoidance and symptom control but does little to address the underlying Th2 bias of disease. Specific immunotherapy (SIT) consisting of controlled...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Smarr CB,Bryce PJ,Miller SD

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Harnessing T-cell responses to constrain tumor growth is a realistic treatment aspiration in tumor medicine, as many tumors express specific tumor associated antigens that are recognized by the adaptive immune system. CD8 T cells have direct cytolytic activity against tumor cells, and CD4 T cells mount a variety of re...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Caserta S,Borger JG,Zamoyska R

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-cell receptors recognize peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC). The ability of the T-cell receptor (TCR) to recognize more than one peptide-MHC structure defines cross-reactivity. Cross-reactivity is a documented phenomenon of the immune sys...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Petrova G,Ferrante A,Gorski J

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NK cells represent a large proportion of the lymphocyte population in the liver and are involved in early innate immunity to pathogen infection. As a result of liver endothelial cell fenestrations, parenchymal cells are not separated by a basal membrane, and thereby pathogen-infected hepatocytes are extensively capabl...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Krueger PD,Lassen MG,Qiao H,Hahn YS

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our immune system is designed to protect us from danger. Upon pathogen invasion and tissue injury, activation of both innate and adaptive immunity enables us to combat infection and to repair tissue damage. Tenascin-C is a large, extracellular matrix glycoprotein that has a very tightly controlled pattern of expressio...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Udalova IA,Ruhmann M,Thomson SJ,Midwood KS

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as a crucial component of peripheral down-regulation of immunity to self and allogeneic antigens has raised legitimate hope for the development of Treg-based clinical protocols for tolerance to allografts. The present review addresses the question of whether therapeutic Treg...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Leguern C

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) by host Toll-like receptors (TLR) is an important component of the innate immune response for countering against invading viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Upon PAMP recognition, the TLR induces intracellular signaling cascades that involve adapter, signaloso...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Zeytun A,Chaudhary A,Pardington P,Cary R,Gupta G

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanotechnological tools and biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as strategies for disease control and monitoring populations at higher risk, are continuous worldwide challenges for infectious diseases. Phage display and monoclonal antibody combinatorial libraries are important sources for biomarker discove...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Goulart LR,Vieira CU,Freschi AP,Capparelli FE,Fujimura PT,Almeida JF,Ferreira LF,Goulart IM,Brito-Madurro AG,Madurro JM

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the nervous system, neurotrophic factors play a role during development, especially for the differentiation of neuronal and glial cells. Moreover, they promote cell survival of neurons, axons, and oligodendrocytes, as well as their precursors, in vitro and in lesional paradigms. In recent years, several functions o...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Linker R,Gold R,Luhder F

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by immune cells. Its significance in host defense and disease development has been demonstrated in various infection and autoimmune models. Recently, additional studies have shown that IL-17 is also important in modulating airway immune response in several aspects. Along wi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Hung LY,Velichko S,Huang F,Thai P,Wu R

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells clearly help B cells to produce antibodies and acquire memory. Recently, B cells were found to support some T-cell responses through antigen presentation, and perhaps more importantly, through the generation of diverse T cells and lymphoid organogenesis. These new findings show that the development and functio...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Cascalho M,Platt JL

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many capsular polysaccharide antigens are generally considered to be classic T-cell independent antigens that stimulate humoral response. This response is poor and short lived due to the absence of T-cell involvement. Recent emerging evidence suggests that fungal capsular polysaccharides may negatively affect T-cell r...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Vecchiarelli A

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of snake venom in the treatment of multiple sclerosis has been, at best, controversial. The anecdotal reports for snake venom's beneficial effects in this condition may be supportable now by recent scientific evidence. Cobratoxin, a neurotoxin obtained from the venom of the Thailand cobra, has demonstrated sev...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Reid PF

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms of broad cross-protection, as seen in viral infection and also applied to vaccines, emphasize preexisting antibodies, CD8+ memory T cells, and accelerated B-cell responses reactive with conserved regions in antigens. Another practical application to induce broad-spectrum responses is making use of multispec...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Pashov A,Monzavi-Karbassi B,Raghava G,Kieber-Emmons T

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caspases are key effector components of apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death. However, a large body of recent work has shown that caspase activity is necessary for several nonapoptotic cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and the regulation of cytokine expression. In this re...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Sehra S,Dent AL

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a well-characterized mechanism deputed to the degradation of intracellular proteins. Proteasomal degradation intervenes in the regulation of numerous cellular functions including signal transduction, apoptosis, cell cycle, and antigen presentation. In vitro and in vivo studies have ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Nencioni A,Grunebach F,Patrone F,Ballestrero A,Brossart P

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although gammadelta T cells compose a small proportion of lymphocytes in lymphoid compartments and peripheral blood, they are the major T-cell population present in epithelial tissues. However, the role played by gammadelta TCR expressing intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) has been enigmatic. The location of tissue-res...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Sharp LL,Jameson JM,Witherden DA,Komori HK,Havran WL

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The autoimmune diseases of the thyroid are the most prevalent autoimmune diseases in man. In these diseases, the thyroid is invariably infiltrated by lymphocytes, which play a major role in pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms associated with lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid, examining differ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Lira SA,Martin AP,Marinkovic T,Furtado GC

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The IL-3 and GM-CSF genes are closely linked in the genome and reside within a cluster of cytokine genes. IL-3 and GM-CSF are expressed in a highly inducible and tissue-specific pattern, and this review attempts to provide a comprehensive description of the key regulatory elements in this locus that control their expr...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Cockerill PN

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Semaphorins are a large family of membrane-bound and secreted molecules involved in numerous functions, including axon guidance, morphogenesis, carcinogenesis, and immunomodulation. A growing number of semaphorins--namely, human CD100/SEMA4D, CD108/SEMA7A, and SEMA3A; viral semaphorins, SemaVA and SemaVB; and, very re...

journal_title：Critical reviews in immunology

authors： Elhabazi A,Marie-Cardine A,Chabbert-de Ponnat I,Bensussan A,Boumsell L

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00