Abstract:
:Astrocytes comprise the major cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) and they are essential for support of neuronal functions by providing nutrients and regulating cell-to-cell communication. Astrocytes also are immune-like cells that become reactive in response to neuronal injury. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are a family of ubiquitous enzymes that degrade membrane phospholipids and produce lipid mediators for regulating cellular functions. Three major classes of PLA2 are expressed in astrocytes: group IV calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2), group VI calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2), and group II secretory PLA2(sPLA2). Upregulation of PLA2 in reactive astrocytes has been shown to occur in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke and Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on describing the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and activation of G protein-coupled receptors on PLA2 activation, arachidonic acid (AA) release, and production of prostanoids in astrocytes.
journal_name
Mol Neurobioljournal_title
Molecular neurobiologyauthors
Sun GY,Xu J,Jensen MD,Yu S,Wood WG,González FA,Simonyi A,Sun AY,Weisman GAdoi
10.1385/MN:31:1-3:027subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
27-41issue
1-3eissn
0893-7648issn
1559-1182pii
MN:31:1-3:027journal_volume
31pub_type
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