解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a platelet-derived bioactive sphingolipid that evokes a variety of biological responses. To understand the role of S1P in the central nervous system, we have examined the effect of S1P on the production of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and growth regulation of cort...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10180
更新日期:2003-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The synthesis, transport, and insertion of jimpy proteolipid protein and DM20 were studied in normal (158N) and jimpy (158JP) immortalized oligodendrocyte lines. Four different expression vectors encoding fusion proteins composed of native PLP and DM20 or jimpy PLP or DM20 were linked to enhanced green fluorescent pro...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10122
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion disease are characterized neuropathologically by extracellular deposits of Abeta and PrP amyloid fibrils, respectively. In both disorders, these cerebral amyloid deposits are co-localized with a broad variety of inflammation-related proteins (complement factors, acute-phase protein, ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.10146
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity is abundant in microglia, but the PTKs that participate in their activation have not been identified. For these studies, we used three paradigms to characterize PTK expression during microglial activation: resting and activated microglia were bulk fractionated from the adult brai...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10101
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the central nervous system, glial cells play an important role in inflammatory and immune responses, and opioid peptides have been identified as essential mediators between the nervous and the immune systems. We report the profound upregulation of the opioid-related nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) by inflammatory me...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10106
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Syndecan-1, -2, -3, and -4 are heparan sulfate proteoglycans that are differentially expressed during development and wound repair. To determine whether syndecans are also involved in brain injury, we examined the expression of syndecan core proteins genes in cryo-injured mouse brain, using in situ hybridization. All ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10078
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::When the brain suffers injury, microglia migrate to the damaged sites and become activated. These activated microglia are not detected several days later and the mechanisms underlying their disappearance are not well characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-13, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10057
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biologically active lipid metabolite, platelet-activating factor (PAF), is thought to contribute to inflammatory processes and tissue damage in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. In previous studies, we found that after contusion spinal cord injury, treatment with a PAF antagonist led to significa...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10065
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The receptors for the complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are expressed by glial cells and neurons in normal and inflamed brain. Previous studies demonstrated modest elevations in mRNA expression of these receptors in a model of focal cerebral ischemia. Using a similar model system for both mice and rats, we report ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10069
更新日期:2002-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::We recently showed that trisialoganglioside (GT1b) induces cell death of dopaminergic neurons in rat mesencephalic cultures (Chung et al., Neuroreport 12:611-614, 2001). The present study examines the in vivo neurotoxic effects of GT1b on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Seven ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10047
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A widely quoted hypothesis for the failure of remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) is the exhaustion of the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) pool that is strongly implicated as the source of remyelinating oligodendrocytes in demyelinating lesions. Despite this, little is known about the responses of adult OPC...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The myelin basic protein gene (Mbp) encodes for the major myelin structural proteins and it is included in the Golli-Mbp gene complex. Previously, we observed MBP-like proteins in the human central nervous system (CNS) at developmental stages preceding myelination. In an effort to distinguish between Golli (HOG5 and H...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10028
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of extracellular space volume and imaging of intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) have shown that neuronal activity increases light transmittance by causing cellular swelling. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these volume changes and the contribution of astrocyte swelling to the changes in tissue v...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10023
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendroglia and Schwann cells synthesize myelin-specific proteins and lipids for the assembly of the highly organized myelin membrane of the motor-sensory axons in the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), respectively, allowing rapid saltatory conduction. The isoforms of the main myelin proteins, the...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10014
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes extend thin lamellate processes in the neuropil, in particular around synapses, where they can modulate synaptic function or mediate glial-neuronal communication. Previous studies have shown that these lamellate perisynaptic processes change their shape in response to neuronal activity, but the underlying m...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1120
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike most bodily organs, the central nervous system (CNS) exists behind a blood-tissue barrier designed to minimize the passage of cells and macromolecules into the neural parenchyma. Yet, the CNS is routinely and effectively surveyed by the immune system. This review examines the mechanisms and participants in this...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.1101
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) as a target for autoantibody-mediated demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) resulted in the re-evaluation of the role of B cell responses to myelin autoantigens in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. MOG is a central n...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.1111
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggested that ATP acting via ionotropic (P2X) and metabotropic (P2Y) purinergic receptors might be involved in signaling between glial cells and within glial-neuronal networks. In contrast to their neuronal counterpart, the identity of P2X receptors in CNS glial cells is largely unknown. In the presen...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1091
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main component of intermediate filaments in astrocytes. To assess its function in astrocyte swelling, we compared astrocyte membrane properties and swelling in spinal cord slices of 8- to 10-day-old wild-type control (GFAP(+/+)) and GFAP-knockout (GFAP(-/-)) mice. Membrane...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1084
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axonal signals activate myelinogenesis via regulation of the extent to which oligodendrocyte (OLG) processes wrap around the axon. The cytoskeleton in OLG processes is actively involved in myelination and is a putative target for axonal regulation of myelination. The axon-associated neuregulins may regulate the cytosk...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1079
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assembly of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been tightly linked to compact myelin formation in the peripheral nervous system. We recently demonstrated that myelination of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons by Schwann cells may occur in the absence of basal lamina. We have now determined whether laminin deposition occ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1068
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the function of astrocytes in the adult brain, we have targeted the expression of E. coli nitroreductase (NTR) to the astrocytes of transgenic mice under the control of the GFAP promoter. The astrocytes expressing NTR were selectively ablated after administration of the prodrug CB1954, resulting in motor disc...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1061
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to improve understanding of remodeling events in the glaucomatous optic nerve head, the migration of optic nerve head astrocytes was studied in vitro. Since elevated intraocular pressure is an important stress factor identified in glaucomatous eyes, optic nerve head astrocytes were incubated under physical st...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1052
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc finger transcription factors of the Krüppel-class figure prominently in cell fate specification and differentiation in the nervous system. One of the Krüppel-type genes that was originally cloned from an oligodendrocyte library by virtue of its homology with the prototypic Krüppel motif is the rat rKr2 gene (Pott...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1046
更新日期:2001-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Glial tumor cells derived from primary tissue express large voltage-gated Na(+) currents, whereas glioma cell lines usually lack this feature. We studied the effect of serum deprivation on the expression of Na(+) currents in two astrocytoma cell lines (1321N1 and A172). Serum deprivation for more than 2 days sufficed ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1040
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) develop low-grade astrocytomas at an increased frequency. To gain insight into the function of the Nf1 gene product as a growth regulator for astrocytes, we examined mice heterozygous for a targeted Nf1 mutation. In our previous studies, we demonstrated increased numbers of p...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1098-1136(20010315)33:4<314::aid-glia1030>
更新日期:2001-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a unique type of macroglia required for normal olfactory axonal regeneration throughout the lifetime of an individual. Recent evidence in the literature suggests that OECs transplanted into injured spinal cords may facilitate axonal regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the n...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the intracellular and extracellular biological role of S100B protein with respect to microglia. S100B, which belongs to the multigenic family of Ca2+-binding proteins, is abundant in astrocytes where it is found diffusely in the cytoplasm and is associated with membranes and cytoskeleton constituents. S10...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated acellular nerve segments protected from migration of Schwann cells and the acellular nerve segments joined with the distal nerve stumps were prepared by a repeated freeze-thaw procedure in the rat sciatic nerves. The presence of laminin-1 and -2, as well as alpha6 and beta1 integrin chains, was detected by in...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1098-1136(20010101)33:1<36::aid-glia1004>3
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously reported that neonatal rat oligodendrocytes (OLGs) express and secrete neuregulins (NRGs) (Raabe et al., 1997). This laboratory has also shown that NRGs stimulate the differentiation of neonatal rat OLGs and that these cells express the erbB receptors for NRGs (Raabe et al., 1997). In this study, we...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A role for free radicals has been proposed in infectious brain disease, where resident microglia cells upregulate the inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS), and thus are capable of producing nitric oxide at enhanced rates. Using the constitutively expressed NADPH oxidase, microglial cells can generate superox...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1098-1136(200010)32:1<51::aid-glia50>3.0.c
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The electron donors glutathione and thioredoxin play many vital roles in the mechanisms of cells to cope with oxidative stress. Critical to such antioxidant functions are the ability to synthesize glutathione and keep it reduced via glutathione reductase and the ability to reduce oxidized-thioredoxin via thioredoxin r...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1098-1136(200009)31:3<241::aid-glia50>3.0.
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial cells play a crucial role in the organization and function of the nervous system. Cell-cell adhesion receptors of the cadherin family have been shown to participate in distinct morphogenetic processes throughout the development of the CNS, but little is known about glial expression of cadherins. Applying immunof...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelins are potent vasoactive peptides that bind to their specific receptors, playing an important role in the CNS under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Astrocytes, which have been shown to express these receptors, also have a considerable role to play under physiological and pathophysiological co...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resident microglia of the rat CNS express a unique type of keratan sulfate immunoreactivity (KS-IR) that is lacking on peripheral monocytes/macrophages and associated with a so far unknown proteoglycan core protein. Microglial KS-IR is downregulated during T-cell-mediated autoimmune inflammation but largely preserved ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(200006)30:4<401::aid-glia9
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous in vitro studies using cell cultures or brain slices have demonstrated that phospholipase D (PLD) in the nervous system is involved in the signaling mechanism in response to a variety of agonists. However, little is known about the pathophysiological role of PLD-mediated signaling in the adult brain. We exami...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(200005)30:3<311::aid-glia1
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The consequences of sublytic terminal complement complex (TCC) assembly on Schwann cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by using purified complement proteins (C5*-9) or antibody-sensitized Schwann cells in the presence of a serum that was depleted of the seventh component of complement (C7dHS) and reconstitu...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(200004)30:2<187::aid-glia8
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis of dentate granular cells in the hippocampal formation during bacterial meningitis may be mediated by glutamate toxicity. For this reason, we studied the relationship between glutamine synthetase activity and regional neuronal apoptosis in rabbits with experimental pneumococcal meningitis. The duration of me...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(200003)30:1<11::aid-glia2>
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Even though the immune privileged status of the central nervous system (CNS) limits access of systemic immune cells through the blood brain barrier (BBB), an immune response can occur in this compartment with or without major breach of the BBB. In this review, we consider properties of resident cells of the CNS, that ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified a developmentally regulated, oligodendrocyte-specific protein, designated microtubule-associated protein-2 expressing exon 13 (MAP-2+13), in the human central nervous system (CNS). Monoclonal antibodies directed against MAP-2+13 labeled oligodendrocytes in the white matter of human fetal spinal cord...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00