Distribution of P2X receptors on astrocytes in juvenile rat hippocampus.

abstract：:The identification of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) as a target for autoantibody-mediated demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) resulted in the re-evaluation of the role of B cell responses to myelin autoantigens in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. MOG is a central n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Iglesias A,Bauer J,Litzenburger T,Schubart A,Linington C

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The red nucleus (RN) has been widely used to study the formation and remodeling of synaptic connections during development and in post-lesion plasticity. Since glial cells are thought to contribute to synaptic plasticity, and information on functional properties of brain stem glia is missing, we analyzed voltage-gated...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Akopian G,Kuprijanova E,Kressin K,Steinhüser C

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible consequences of activating bradykinin (Bk) receptors on identified astrocyte subtypes derived from rat cortex have been investigated in terms of: 1) mobilization of intracellular Ca2+; and 2) electrophysiological response. Bk induced a rapid, transient rise in intracellular Ca2+ in 63% of cortical type-1-...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Stephens GJ,Cholewinski AJ,Wilkin GP,Djamgoz MB

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effect of receptor blockade induced by an angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonist (AT(1)-RB) on glial and vascular changes in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), a model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). OIR was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by exposure to 80% oxygen from postnatal (P) days 0-1...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Downie LE,Pianta MJ,Vingrys AJ,Wilkinson-Berka JL,Fletcher EL

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biologically active lipid metabolite, platelet-activating factor (PAF), is thought to contribute to inflammatory processes and tissue damage in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. In previous studies, we found that after contusion spinal cord injury, treatment with a PAF antagonist led to significa...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hostettler ME,Knapp PE,Carlson SL

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All extant vertebrates have a blood-brain barrier (BBB), a specialized layer of cells that controls molecular traffic between blood and brain, and contributes to the regulation (homeostasis) of the brain microenvironment. Such homeostasis is critical for the stable function of synapses and neural networks. The barrier...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bundgaard M,Abbott NJ

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1)/RTP/Drg1/Cap43/rit42/TDD5/Ndr1 is expressed ubiquitously and has been proposed to play a role in growth arrest and cell differentiation. A recent study showed that mutation of this gene is responsible for hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy-Lom. However, the role of this g...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hirata K,Masuda K,Morikawa W,He JW,Kuraoka A,Kuwano M,Kawabuchi M

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing evidence has suggested that astrocytes demonstrate striking regionally allocated functional heterogeneity. Here, we discuss how this spatiotemporally encoded diversity determines the astrocytic phenotype along a finely grained spectrum from neuroprotective to deleterious states. With increasing recognition ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Clarke BE,Taha DM,Tyzack GE,Patani R

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether insulin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways protect retinal neurons against excitotoxicity and regulate the proliferation of Müller glia. We found that intraocular injections of insulin or FGF2 had variable effects u...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fischer AJ,Scott MA,Ritchey ER,Sherwood P

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uptake of radiolabelled L-arginine was studied in four different kinds of glial cultures, in astroglia-rich primary cultures derived from neonatal rat and mouse brains, in pure murine astrocyte cultures, and in rat glioma cells C6-BU-1. A saturable component of uptake was found in all cases with KM values between 15 a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schmidlin A,Wiesinger H

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a unique type of macroglia required for normal olfactory axonal regeneration throughout the lifetime of an individual. Recent evidence in the literature suggests that OECs transplanted into injured spinal cords may facilitate axonal regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Boruch AV,Conners JJ,Pipitone M,Deadwyler G,Storer PD,Devries GH,Jones KJ

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells execute essential functions in central nervous system (CNS) development and are also believed to play important roles during gliosis in response to trauma or disease. These developmental and pathological states have also been associated with elevated expression of opioid genes. Because levels of the cytoki...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Negro A,Tavella A,Facci L,Callegaro L,Skaper SD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a predominant water channel protein in mammalian brains, localized in the astrocyte plasma membrane. The regulation of AQP4 is believed to be important for the homeostasis of water in the brain, but the AQP4 regulatory mechanisms are not yet known. In this study, we investigated the effect of a p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nakahama K,Nagano M,Fujioka A,Shinoda K,Sasaki H

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mature central nervous system (CNS) regulated secretion of ATP from astrocytes is thought to play a significant role in cell signaling. Whether such a mechanism is also operative in the developing nervous system and, if so, during which stage of development, has not been investigated. We have tackled this quest...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Striedinger K,Meda P,Scemes E

更新日期：2007-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is a feature of acute and chronic neurodegenerative changes, yet the relationship between astrocytes and the mature barrier remains unclear. We studied this role of astrocytes in vivo using a gliotoxin and evaluated changes in three vascular tight junction markers. Male Fisher F344...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Willis CL,Leach L,Clarke GJ,Nolan CC,Ray DE

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and its receptor TrkC are known to be important for neuronal survival. More recently, NT-3 has been implicated as playing a role in oligodendrocyte (OL) proliferation and survival in vitro. Examination of NT-3 and TrkC knockout mice revealed a reduction in NT-3-dependent neurons. To date, no stud...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kahn MA,Kumar S,Liebl D,Chang R,Parada LF,De Vellis J

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells in vitro express at least two types (H1 and H2) of histamine receptors and three types (EP, FP, and TP) of prostanoid receptors. The receptors expressed by glial cells differ according to the cell type and source in the brain. Furthermore primary astrocytes of same type derived from the same brain region a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Inagaki N,Wada H

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prospects of achieving regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) have changed, as most recent findings indicate that several species, including humans, can produce neurons in adulthood. Studies targeting this property may be considered as potential therapeutic strategies to respond to injury or the effects ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gómez RM,Sánchez MY,Portela-Lomba M,Ghotme K,Barreto GE,Sierra J,Moreno-Flores MT

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of microglia in retinal inflammation is still ambiguous. Branch retinal vein occlusion initiates an inflammatory response whereby resident microglia cells are activated. They trigger infiltration of neutrophils that exacerbate blood-retina barrier damage, regulate postischemic inflammation and irreversible lo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jovanovic J,Liu X,Kokona D,Zinkernagel MS,Ebneter A

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells from different brain regions and species are depolarized by the neurotransmitter glutamate. The depolarization or, if voltage-clamped at the resting membrane potential, the inward current induced by glutamate could be due either to activation of receptor-coupled ion channels or electrogenic uptake of the t...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Sontheimer H,Kettenmann H,Backus KH,Schachner M

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When the brain suffers injury, microglia migrate to the damaged sites and become activated. These activated microglia are not detected several days later and the mechanisms underlying their disappearance are not well characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-13, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yang MS,Park EJ,Sohn S,Kwon HJ,Shin WH,Pyo HK,Jin B,Choi KS,Jou I,Joe EH

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting predominantly motor neurons. Recent studies suggest that the disease progression of ALS is non-cell-autonomous, although the interaction between neurons and glial cells in different disease stages is not entirely clear. Here, we ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wang R,Yang B,Zhang D

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Free glycine is known to have vital functions in the mammalian brain, where it serves mainly as both neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. Despite its importance, little is known about the metabolic pathways of glycine synthesis and degradation in the central nervous system. In this study, the pathway of glycine metabo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Verleysdonk S,Martin H,Willker W,Leibfritz D,Hamprecht B

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines and their receptors play a decisive role in tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we describe the expression of the CXCL16-CXCR6-system in human schwannomas of different localization and in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. The transmembrane chemokine CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6/Bonzo were overe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Held-Feindt J,Rehmke B,Mentlein R,Hattermann K,Knerlich F,Hugo HH,Ludwig A,Mehdorn HM

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are arranged in highly organized gap junction-coupled networks, communicating via the propagation of Ca2+ waves. Astrocytes are gap junction-coupled not only to neighboring astrocytes, but also to oligodendrocytes, forming so-called panglial syncytia. It is not known, however, whether glial cells in panglia...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Beiersdorfer A,Scheller A,Kirchhoff F,Lohr C

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dorsal root entry zone is a PNS-CNS junction between Schwann cells and astrocytes, defining the site where dorsal root ganglia (DRG) axons enter the adult mammalian spinal cord. Following dorsal root injury (rhizotomy), DRG axons regenerate within the PNS environment of the root but stop at the DREZ and fail to re...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Golding JP,Bird C,McMahon S,Cohen J

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A widely quoted hypothesis for the failure of remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) is the exhaustion of the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) pool that is strongly implicated as the source of remyelinating oligodendrocytes in demyelinating lesions. Despite this, little is known about the responses of adult OPC...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chari DM,Blakemore WF

更新日期：2002-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are the resident macrophages of the brain. Over the past decade, our understanding of the function of these cells has significantly improved. Microglia do not only play important roles in the healthy brain but are involved in almost every brain pathology. Gene expression profiling allowed to distinguish micr...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mazzolini J,Le Clerc S,Morisse G,Coulonges C,Kuil LE,van Ham TJ,Zagury JF,Sieger D

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During action potential conduction, the axonal specializations at the node, together with the adjacent paranodal terminations of the myelin sheath, interact with glial processes that invest the nodal gap. The nature of the mutual signals between axons and myelinating glia, however, are not well understood. Here we hav...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Toews JC,Schram V,Weerth SH,Mignery GA,Russell JT

更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type within the central nervous system (CNS) and perform a variety of tasks, from axon guidance and synaptic support, to the control of the blood brain barrier and blood flow. To perform these roles, there is a great variety of astrocytes. In this review, we summarize the function...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blackburn D,Sargsyan S,Monk PN,Shaw PJ

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00