Interleukin-13 and -4 induce death of activated microglia.

abstract：:Ascorbic acid has been shown to be an essential component for in vitro myelination and to improve the clinical and pathological phenotype of a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-tooth disease 1A. The mechanism of ascorbic acid uptake into peripheral nerves, however, has not been addressed so far. Hence, we studied the expre...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gess B,Lohmann C,Halfter H,Young P

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) are devastating brain tumors containing a fraction of multipotent stem-like cells which are highly tumorigenic. These cells are resistant to treatments and are likely to be responsible for tumor recurrence. One approach to eliminate GBM stem-like cells would be to force their terminal diff...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Guichet PO,Bieche I,Teigell M,Serguera C,Rothhut B,Rigau V,Scamps F,Ripoll C,Vacher S,Taviaux S,Chevassus H,Duffau H,Mallet J,Susini A,Joubert D,Bauchet L,Hugnot JP

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia contribute to pathophysiology at all stages of multiple sclerosis. Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) is crucial for microglial proliferation and activation. In this study we measured the CSF1 levels and studied its cellular expression in the mouse spinal cords with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gushchina S,Pryce G,Yip PK,Wu D,Pallier P,Giovannoni G,Baker D,Bo X

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain, which are important therapeutic targets for regulating the inflammatory responses particularly neurodegeneration in the aging human brain. The activation, chemotaxis and migration of microglia are regulated through G-protein coupled receptors by chemokines such as ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Muessel MJ,Harry GJ,Armstrong DL,Storey NM

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome frequently accompanying liver cirrhosis and reflects the clinical manifestation of a low grade cerebral edema associated with cerebral oxidative/nitrosative stress. The multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) 4 is an export pump which transports metaboli...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jördens MS,Keitel V,Karababa A,Zemtsova I,Bronger H,Häussinger D,Görg B

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mannose receptor is a pattern-recognition receptor involved in innate and adaptive immunity. The receptor is mainly expressed by macrophages and, within the brain, by astrocytes and microglia. This study reports for the first time the effects of two classical proinflammatory (interferon-gamma, IFNgamma) and anti-i...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zimmer H,Riese S,Régnier-Vigouroux A

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GABA receptors are distributed widely throughout the central nervous system on a variety of cell types. It has become increasingly clear that astrocytes, both in cell culture and tissue slices, express abundant GABAA receptors. In astrocytes, GABA activates Cl(-)-specific channels that are modulated by barbiturates an...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fraser DD,Mudrick-Donnon LA,MacVicar BA

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of Rho-kinase (ROCK) with Y27632 stimulates sprouting by injured corticospinal tract and dorsal column tract axons, and accelerates functional recovery. However, regeneration of these axons across the glial scar was not observed. Here we examined the effects of Y27632 treatment on chondroitin sulfate proteo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chan CC,Wong AK,Liu J,Steeves JD,Tetzlaff W

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human glioblastoma is a highly lethal tumor known for its capability of interfering with effective antitumor immune responses. Costimulatory signals are of critical relevance in both the inductive and effector phases of immune responses. Inducible costimulator-ligand (ICOSL), a member of the B7 family of costimulatory...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schreiner B,Wischhusen J,Mitsdoerffer M,Schneider D,Bornemann A,Melms A,Tolosa E,Weller M,Wiendl H

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The X-linked mutation rumpshaker (rsh), which is probably an allele of jimpy (jp), causes hypomyelination in the CNS of mice. This study examines the developmental expression of the morphology, glial cells, and immunostaining of myelin proteins in the optic nerve and spinal cord. The optic nerve contains varying numbe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fanarraga ML,Griffiths IR,McCulloch MC,Barrie JA,Kennedy PG,Brophy PJ

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A stable cell line derived from a human oligodendroglioma (HOG) was used to study the regulation of muscarinic- and histamine receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Both carbachol and histamine increased inositol monophosphate (InsP) accumulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the presence of lithium ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Post GR,Dawson G

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by the choroid plexuses (CPs), which are specialized structures located within the brain ventricles. They are composed of a vascularized stroma surrounded by a tight epithelium that controls molecular and cellular traffic between the blood and...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nataf S,Strazielle N,Hatterer E,Mouchiroud G,Belin MF,Ghersi-Egea JF

更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The Alzheimer disease-associated multifunctional low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 is expressed in the brain. Recent studies uncovered a role of this receptor for the appropriate functioning of neural stem cells, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. The constitutive knock-out (KO) of the receptor is embryon...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bres EE,Safina D,Müller J,Bedner P,Yang H,Helluy X,Shchyglo O,Jansen S,Mark MD,Esser A,Steinhäuser C,Herlitze S,Pietrzik CU,Sirko S,Manahan-Vaughan D,Faissner A

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The crosstalk between glial cells and neurons represents an exceptional feature for maintaining the normal function of the central nervous system (CNS). Increasing evidence has revealed the importance of glial progenitor cells in adult neurogenesis, reestablishment of cellular pools, neuroregeneration, and axonal (re)...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Martins-Macedo J,Lepore AC,Domingues HS,Salgado AJ,Gomes ED,Pinto L

更新日期：2021-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutamate transporters are involved in maintaining extracellular glutamate at a low level to ensure a high signal-to-noise ratio for glutamatergic neurotransmission and to protect neurons from excitotoxic damage. The mammalian retina is known to express the excitatory amino acid transporters, EAAT1-5; however, their s...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Sarthy VP,Pignataro L,Pannicke T,Weick M,Reichenbach A,Harada T,Tanaka K,Marc R

更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In the brain, glycogen metabolism has been implied in synaptic plasticity and learning, yet the distribution of this molecule has not been fully described. We investigated cerebral glycogen of the mouse by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using two monoclonal antibodies that have different affinities depending on the glycog...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Oe Y,Baba O,Ashida H,Nakamura KC,Hirase H

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A major role for Müller cells in the retina is to buffer changes in the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) resulting from light-evoked neuronal activity. The primary K+ conductance in Müller cells is the inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1. Since this channel is constitutively active, K+ can enter or exit Müller...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Connors NC,Kofuji P

更新日期：2006-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) envelop axonal terminals and are physiologically distinct from the nearby myelinating Schwann cells (MSCs), which surround the same innervating motor axons. PSCs have special functions at the neuromuscular synapse, where they detect and can modulate neurotransmitter release. Although ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Georgiou J,Charlton MP

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become evident recently only that microglia are not only responsible for immunomodulatory functions in the brain but represent vital components of the larger synaptic formation, which also includes pre and postsynaptic neurones as well as astrocytes. Microglia critically contribute to CNS homeostasis by their a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blank T,Prinz M

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the principal component of the intermediary filaments in mature astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). The protein consists of three domains: the head, the coiled-coil, and the tail. Here, we describe the isolation of an evolutionary conserved novel GFAP isoform, GFAP...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blechingberg J,Holm IE,Nielsen KB,Jensen TH,Jørgensen AL,Nielsen AL

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), are mediated, at least in part, by various cytokines and proteases. In the present study, we investigated the expression of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-17, an important sheddase for various proteins, including tumor necros...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kieseier BC,Pischel H,Neuen-Jacob E,Tourtellotte WW,Hartung HP

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells make myelin, a specialized sheath that is essential for rapid axonal conduction of action potentials. Immature Schwann cells initially interact with many axons, but, through a process termed radial sorting, eventually interact with one segment of a single axon as promyel...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Raphael AR,Lyons DA,Talbot WS

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of the cell death following episodes of anoxia and ischemia in the mammalian central nervous system has been attributed to extracellular accumulation of glutamate and ATP, which causes a rise in [Ca(2+)](i), loss of mitochondrial potential, and cell death. However, restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation are ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Domercq M,Mato S,Soria FN,Sánchez-gómez MV,Alberdi E,Matute C

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines and their receptors play a decisive role in tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we describe the expression of the CXCL16-CXCR6-system in human schwannomas of different localization and in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. The transmembrane chemokine CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6/Bonzo were overe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Held-Feindt J,Rehmke B,Mentlein R,Hattermann K,Knerlich F,Hugo HH,Ludwig A,Mehdorn HM

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are critically involved in the pathogenesis of genetically caused demyelination, as it occurs in inherited demyelinating neuropathies. On the basis of the observation that upregulation of the Schwann cell-derived chemokine MCP-1 (CCL2) is a pathologically relevant mechanism for macrophage activation in mic...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fischer S,Weishaupt A,Troppmair J,Martini R

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reorganization of the adult dentate gyrus following unilateral entorhinal cortex lesion (ECL) is a well-established model for studying mechanisms of trauma-induced neuronal plasticity. The lesion induces deafferentiation of the outer molecular layer, which is accompanied by a strong astroglial reaction. This glial res...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schröder W,Hager G,Kouprijanova E,Weber M,Schmitt AB,Seifert G,Steinhäuser C

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To examine the neurochemical effects of chronic hypoxia on immature nervous tissue in vitro, mixed neuronal-glial cell cultures derived from fetal mice were exposed to 5% O2 for 24 or 48 h. Those cultures subjected to longer hypoxia manifested improved neuronal survival compared to those with the shorter insult, both ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Sher PK,Hu SX

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal injury in CNS tissues induces a rapid activation and mobilization of resident microglia (MG). It is widely assumed that changes in gene expression drive the morphological transformation of MG and regulate their mobilization during activation. Here, we used acutely excised neonatal rat brain slices to test whe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kurpius D,Wilson N,Fuller L,Hoffman A,Dailey ME

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When the brain is damaged, astrocytes often cause hyperplasia resulting in glial scar formation at the injured sites. Endothelins (ETs) have been shown to be involved in the pathophysiologic responses of astrocytes, including proliferation. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the ET-induced astrocytic...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Koyama Y,Yoshioka Y,Matsuda T,Baba A

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are thought to play a variety of key roles in the adult brain, such as their participation in synaptic transmission, in wound healing upon brain injury, and adult neurogenesis. However, to elucidate these functions in vivo has been difficult because of the lack of astrocyte-specific gene targeting. Here we ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mori T,Tanaka K,Buffo A,Wurst W,Kühn R,Götz M

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00