Rat choroid plexuses contain myeloid progenitors capable of differentiation toward macrophage or dendritic cell phenotypes.

abstract：:Inhibition of Rho-kinase (ROCK) with Y27632 stimulates sprouting by injured corticospinal tract and dorsal column tract axons, and accelerates functional recovery. However, regeneration of these axons across the glial scar was not observed. Here we examined the effects of Y27632 treatment on chondroitin sulfate proteo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chan CC,Wong AK,Liu J,Steeves JD,Tetzlaff W

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuropsin and protease M/neurosin are serine proteases expressed by neurons and glial cells, and serve a variety of functions in the central nervous system (CNS). The current study demonstrates changes in the expression of these proteases following hemisection of the mouse spinal cord. Within unlesioned spinal cord, n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Terayama R,Bando Y,Takahashi T,Yoshida S

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglial cells are the resident macrophages that are involved in brain injuries and infections. Recent studies using transcranial two-photon microscopy have shown that ATP and P2Y receptors mediated rapid chemotactic responses of miroglia to local injury. However, the molecular mechanism for microglial chemotaxis to...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wu LJ,Vadakkan KI,Zhuo M

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) envelop axonal terminals and are physiologically distinct from the nearby myelinating Schwann cells (MSCs), which surround the same innervating motor axons. PSCs have special functions at the neuromuscular synapse, where they detect and can modulate neurotransmitter release. Although ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Georgiou J,Charlton MP

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cerebral edema, a life-threatening medical complication, contributes to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and a poor clinical prognosis after TBI. Unfortunately, treatment options to reduce post-traumatic edema remain suboptimal, du...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Laird MD,Shields JS,Sukumari-Ramesh S,Kimbler DE,Fessler RD,Shakir B,Youssef P,Yanasak N,Vender JR,Dhandapani KM

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Persistence of radial glia within the adult central nervous system is a widespread phenomenon among fish. Based on a series of studies in the teleost species Apteronotus leptorhynchus, we propose that one function of this persistence is the involvement of radial glia in adult neurogenesis, i.e., the generation and fur...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zupanc GK,Clint SC

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sciatic nerve explants cultured either alone or in the presence of peritoneal macrophages were used to study prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) production following traumatic peripheral nerve injury. Although barely detectable at early time points (1-3 h in vitro), the production of PGE(2) and 6-keto-P...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Muja N,DeVries GH

更新日期：2004-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurements of extracellular space volume and imaging of intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) have shown that neuronal activity increases light transmittance by causing cellular swelling. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these volume changes and the contribution of astrocyte swelling to the changes in tissue v...

journal_title：Glia

authors： MacVicar BA,Feighan D,Brown A,Ransom B

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human astrocytes provide trophic as well as structural support to the surrounding brain cells. Furthermore, they have been implicated in many physiological processes important for central nervous system function. Traditionally astrocytes have been considered to be a homogeneous class of cells, however, it has increasi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： de Majo M,Koontz M,Rowitch D,Ullian EM

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is a feature of acute and chronic neurodegenerative changes, yet the relationship between astrocytes and the mature barrier remains unclear. We studied this role of astrocytes in vivo using a gliotoxin and evaluated changes in three vascular tight junction markers. Male Fisher F344...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Willis CL,Leach L,Clarke GJ,Nolan CC,Ray DE

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The glial cells that ensheath olfactory axons are referred to as ensheathing cells. In vivo, these non-myelinating glial cells express a mixture of astrocyte-specific and Schwann cell-specific phenotypic features with the former cellular phenotype predominating, but in vitro can assemble a myelin sheath when co-cultur...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Doucette R,Devon R

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The consequences of sublytic terminal complement complex (TCC) assembly on Schwann cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by using purified complement proteins (C5*-9) or antibody-sensitized Schwann cells in the presence of a serum that was depleted of the seventh component of complement (C7dHS) and reconstitu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Dashiell SM,Rus H,Koski CL

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:External application of bradykinin (BK) to mouse neuroblastoma X mouse fibroblast hybrid NL308 cells and mouse neuroblastoma X rat glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells produced a transient outward (hyperpolarizing) current. In NG108-15 cells, BK also induced an inward (depolarizing) current associated with a decrease in input...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Higashida H,Okano Y,Hoshi N,Yada Y,Yokoyama S,Asaga T,Fu T,Nozawa Y

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The receptors for the complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are expressed by glial cells and neurons in normal and inflamed brain. Previous studies demonstrated modest elevations in mRNA expression of these receptors in a model of focal cerebral ischemia. Using a similar model system for both mice and rats, we report ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Barnum SR,Ames RS,Maycox PR,Hadingham SJ,Meakin J,Harrison D,Parsons AA

更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a cause of major neurological disability, and no satisfactory treatment is currently available. Traumatic SCI directly damages the cell bodies and/or processes of neurons and triggers a series of endogenous processes, including neuroinflammatory response and reactive astrogliosis. In this s...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Su Z,Yuan Y,Cao L,Zhu Y,Gao L,Qiu Y,He C

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia survey the brain environment by sensing several types of diffusible molecules, among which extracellular nucleotides released/leaked from damaged cells have central roles. Microglia sense ATP or other nucleotides by multiple P2 receptors, after which they change into several different phenotypes. However, so...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Imura Y,Morizawa Y,Komatsu R,Shibata K,Shinozaki Y,Kasai H,Moriishi K,Moriyama Y,Koizumi S

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whole-cell membrane currents and imaging of intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were used to investigate the role of calcium in a response to serotonin of C6 glioma cells. Activation of a high-affinity serotonin receptor induced a transient rise in calcium concentration in these cells and activated a predom...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Manor D,Moran N,Segal M

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Annexin II (AX II) is a member of the family of calcium-dependent actin- and phospholipid-binding proteins implicated in numerous intracellular functions such as signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and mRNA transport, as well as in the regulation of membrane/cytoskeleton contacts and extracellular functions. AX...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hayashi A,Nakashima K,Yamagishi K,Hoshi T,Suzuki A,Baba H

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become evident recently only that microglia are not only responsible for immunomodulatory functions in the brain but represent vital components of the larger synaptic formation, which also includes pre and postsynaptic neurones as well as astrocytes. Microglia critically contribute to CNS homeostasis by their a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blank T,Prinz M

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of adenylate cyclase in astroglial cells in culture results in a rapid change in cell shape that appears to occur by the active movement of cytoplasm from peripheral cell regions to the perinuclear space with processes being formed along regions that remain extended. Three series of experiments were designe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Shain W,Bausback D,Fiero A,Madelian V,Turner JN

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is known to interact with cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report that, interestingly, it is a potent inductor of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the CNS of infected animals and in pure cultures of astrocytes. Maximal IL-6 gene transcription in glial cells, as ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Rubio N,Sierra A

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To explore pathways to neuron loss in inflammatory diseases, transgenic mice expressing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in either astrocytes or photoreceptor cells, or both, were inoculated with activated, beta-gal-specific cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs). beta-gal-positive astrocytes in brain were rapidly attacked, ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： McPherson SW,Heuss ND,Roehrich H,Gregerson DS

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inefficient lysosomal degradation is central in the development of various brain disorders, but the underlying mechanisms and the involvement of different cell types remains elusive. We have previously shown that astrocytes effectively engulf dead cells, but then store, rather than degrade the ingested material. In th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lööv C,Mitchell CH,Simonsson M,Erlandsson A

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Galactosylceramide (GalC) is the major sphingolipid of the myelin membrane. Mice lacking GalC due to ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) deficiency form unstable and functionally affected myelin and exhibit a progressive demyelination, accompanied by severe motor coordination deficits. In addition to oligodendrocytes...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zöller I,Büssow H,Gieselmann V,Eckhardt M

更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines and their receptors play a decisive role in tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we describe the expression of the CXCL16-CXCR6-system in human schwannomas of different localization and in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. The transmembrane chemokine CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6/Bonzo were overe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Held-Feindt J,Rehmke B,Mentlein R,Hattermann K,Knerlich F,Hugo HH,Ludwig A,Mehdorn HM

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cannabinoid signaling system is composed of cannabinoid (CB) receptors, their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, and the enzymes that produce and inactivate them. It is well known that neurons communicate between each other through this signaling system. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive c...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Stella N

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of microglia-conditioned medium (MCM) on the inducible Nrf2 system in astrocyte-rich cultures were investigated by determination of glutathione (GSH) levels, γglutamylcysteine ligase (γGCL) activity, the protein levels of Nrf2, Keap1, the modulatory subunit of γGCL (γGCL-M) and activated MAP kinases (ERK1/...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Correa F,Ljunggren E,Mallard C,Nilsson M,Weber SG,Sandberg M

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main component of intermediate filaments in astrocytes. To assess its function in astrocyte swelling, we compared astrocyte membrane properties and swelling in spinal cord slices of 8- to 10-day-old wild-type control (GFAP(+/+)) and GFAP-knockout (GFAP(-/-)) mice. Membrane...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Anderová M,Kubinová S,Mazel T,Chvátal A,Eliasson C,Pekny M,Syková E

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a ubiquitous nuclear enzyme involved in genomic stability. Excessive oxidative DNA strand breaks lead to PARP-1-induced depletion of cellular NAD(+), glycolytic rate, ATP levels, and eventual cell death. Glutamate neurotransmission is tightly controlled by ATP-dependent astroc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tang KS,Suh SW,Alano CC,Shao Z,Hunt WT,Swanson RA,Anderson CM

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The creatine kinase isoenzymes play an important role in maintaining ATP levels in some cell types during times of high energy demand. We have previously shown in primary cell cultures from rat brain that glial cells express much higher levels of brain creatine kinase (CKB) mRNA than neurons. In a separate earlier stu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kuzhikandathil EV,Molloy GR

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00