The Nrf2-inducible antioxidant defense in astrocytes can be both up- and down-regulated by activated microglia:Involvement of p38 MAPK.

abstract：:Hypoglycemia is a common and serious problem among diabetic patients receiving treatment with insulin or other glucose-lowering drugs. Moderate hypoglycemia impairs neurological function, and severe hypoglycemia leads to death of selectively vulnerable neurons. Recent advances have shed new light on the underlying pro...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Suh SW,Hamby AM,Swanson RA

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells in vitro express at least two types (H1 and H2) of histamine receptors and three types (EP, FP, and TP) of prostanoid receptors. The receptors expressed by glial cells differ according to the cell type and source in the brain. Furthermore primary astrocytes of same type derived from the same brain region a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Inagaki N,Wada H

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pax-3 is a paired domain transcription factor that plays many roles during vertebrate development. In the Schwann cell lineage, Pax-3 is expressed at an early stage in Schwann cells precursors of the embryonic nerve, is maintained in the nonmyelinating cells of the adult nerve, and is upregulated in Schwann cells afte...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Doddrell RD,Dun XP,Moate RM,Jessen KR,Mirsky R,Parkinson DB

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The predominant glial cells of the drone retina (outer pigment cells) respond to an increase in extracellular [K+] (Ko) by a net uptake of K+; thus, they contribute to bringing Ko back toward its baseline value. The authors report herein that there is also a different mechanism by which light stimulation of the retina...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Coles JA,Schneider-Picard G

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroadapted Sindbis Virus (NSV) is a neuronotropic virus that causes hindlimb paralysis in susceptible mice and rats. The authors and others have demonstrated that though death of infected motor neurons occurs, bystander death of uninfected neurons also occurs and both contribute to the paralysis that ensues followin...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Carmen J,Gowing G,Julien JP,Kerr D

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sequence of events by which new oligodendrocytes are generated in the adult mammalian central nervous system has not been clearly defined. Here we review old evidence that remyelinating cells can arise from the division of mature oligodendrocytes. In addition, we report the results of a tissue culture study compar...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wood PM,Bunge RP

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This report describes the development of a new panel of monoclonal antibodies produced following immunization of mice with cultured rat microglial cells. Using these new reagents and previously defined antibodies that bind to microglia or macrophages, the responses of parenchymal microglia, perivascular "microglial" c...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Flaris NA,Densmore TL,Molleston MC,Hickey WF

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are poorly understood. However, several studies have implied a role for reactive microglia located in the dorsal horn in neuropathic pain. To clarify the roles of activated microglia in neuropathic pain, we investigated the interactions among microglia and other neural compon...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Maeda M,Tsuda M,Tozaki-Saitoh H,Inoue K,Kiyama H

更新日期：2010-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Signaling through fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) is essential for many cellular processes including proliferation and migration, as well as differentiation events such as myelination. Anosmin-1 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that interacts with the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Murcia-Belmonte V,Medina-Rodríguez EM,Bribián A,de Castro F,Esteban PF

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uptake of radiolabelled L-arginine was studied in four different kinds of glial cultures, in astroglia-rich primary cultures derived from neonatal rat and mouse brains, in pure murine astrocyte cultures, and in rat glioma cells C6-BU-1. A saturable component of uptake was found in all cases with KM values between 15 a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schmidlin A,Wiesinger H

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is known to interact with cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report that, interestingly, it is a potent inductor of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the CNS of infected animals and in pure cultures of astrocytes. Maximal IL-6 gene transcription in glial cells, as ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Rubio N,Sierra A

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia survey the brain environment by sensing several types of diffusible molecules, among which extracellular nucleotides released/leaked from damaged cells have central roles. Microglia sense ATP or other nucleotides by multiple P2 receptors, after which they change into several different phenotypes. However, so...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Imura Y,Morizawa Y,Komatsu R,Shibata K,Shinozaki Y,Kasai H,Moriishi K,Moriyama Y,Koizumi S

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have employed amoeboid microglia purified from primary cultures of neonatal rat brain to examine the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent activator of immune cells, on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in brain macrophages. In single brain macrophages loaded with indo 1, pulse administ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bader MF,Taupenot L,Ulrich G,Aunis D,Ciesielski-Treska J

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells execute essential functions in central nervous system (CNS) development and are also believed to play important roles during gliosis in response to trauma or disease. These developmental and pathological states have also been associated with elevated expression of opioid genes. Because levels of the cytoki...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Negro A,Tavella A,Facci L,Callegaro L,Skaper SD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination involve dramatic changes in cell signaling pathways, gene expression patterns, cell shape, and cytoskeletal organization. In a pilot study investigating CNS angiogenesis, oligodendrocytes were intensely labeled by antisera directed against the C-terminal of Tie-2, a 140-...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Terada N,Kidd GJ,Kinter M,Bjartmar C,Moran-Jones K,Trapp BD

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are innate immune cells of the central nervous system that sense extracellular cues. Brain injuries, inflammation, and pathology evoke dynamic structural responses in microglia, altering their morphology and motility. The dynamic motility of microglia is hypothesized to be a critical first step in sensing lo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Umpierre AD,Wu LJ

更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons with age. We previously found that a single systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) injection caused a slow progressive loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH+IR) neurons in SN associated ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Qin L,Liu Y,Hong JS,Crews FT

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies suggest that glial cells contribute to synaptogenesis in specific neurons from the postnatal CNS. Here, we studied whether this is true for Purkinje cells (PCs), which represent a unique neuronal cell type due to their large size, massive synaptic input, and high vulnerability. Using new glia-free cul...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Buard I,Steinmetz CC,Claudepierre T,Pfrieger FW

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gliogenesis in the mammalian CNS continues after birth, with astrocytes being generated well into the first two postnatal weeks. In this study, we have isolated an A2B5(+) astrocyte precursor (APC) from the postnatal rat forebrain, which is capable of differentiating into mature astrocytes in serum-free medium without...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lin G,Goldman JE

更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Interactions between astrocytes and endothelial cells are believed to play an important role in the control of blood-brain barrier permeability and transport. Astrocytes and endothelial cells respond to a variety of stimuli with an increase of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) that is propagated to adjacent cells a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Leybaert L,Paemeleire K,Strahonja A,Sanderson MJ

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The myelin basic protein gene (Mbp) encodes for the major myelin structural proteins and it is included in the Golli-Mbp gene complex. Previously, we observed MBP-like proteins in the human central nervous system (CNS) at developmental stages preceding myelination. In an effort to distinguish between Golli (HOG5 and H...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tosic M,Rakic S,Matthieu J-,Zecevic N

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A role for free radicals has been proposed in infectious brain disease, where resident microglia cells upregulate the inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS), and thus are capable of producing nitric oxide at enhanced rates. Using the constitutively expressed NADPH oxidase, microglial cells can generate superox...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Possel H,Noack H,Putzke J,Wolf G,Sies H

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the possible role of neurons and astrocytes for oligodendrocyte development we prepared a pure population of precursor cells positive for the precursor marker GD3 with the help of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Large numbers of highly purified cells were obtained from postnatal day 1 rat br...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Dutly F,Schwab ME

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperpolarization-activated currents were recorded from rat brain cortical and spinal cord astrocytes maintained in culture. Spinal cord astrocytes expressed primarily an inward rectifier potassium current characterized by time-dependent inactivation, a strong dependence on extracellular Na+ and insensitivity to intra...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Guatteo E,Stanness KA,Janigro D

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In non-excitable cells, stimulation of phosphoinositide (PI) turnover and inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase are methods commonly used to deplete calcium stores, resulting in a capacitative Ca2+ influx (i.e., Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ influx). Since this Ca2+ influx in glial cells has not been ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wu ML,Kao EF,Liu IH,Wang BS,Lin-Shiau SY

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inefficient lysosomal degradation is central in the development of various brain disorders, but the underlying mechanisms and the involvement of different cell types remains elusive. We have previously shown that astrocytes effectively engulf dead cells, but then store, rather than degrade the ingested material. In th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lööv C,Mitchell CH,Simonsson M,Erlandsson A

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apart from dedicated oligodendroglial progenitor cells, adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) can also give rise to new oligodendrocytes in the adult central nervous system (CNS). This process mainly confers myelinating glial cell replacement in pathological situations and can hence contribute to glial heterogeneity. Our pr...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Beyer F,Jadasz J,Samper Agrelo I,Schira-Heinen J,Groh J,Manousi A,Bütermann C,Estrada V,Reiche L,Cantone M,Vera J,Viganò F,Dimou L,Müller HW,Hartung HP,Küry P

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astroglial dysfunction plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases otherwise attributed to neuronal loss of function. Here we focus on the role of astroglia in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), a disease caused by mutations in the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. A hallmark of A-T pathology is progressiv...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Campbell A,Bushman J,Munger J,Noble M,Pröschel C,Mayer-Pröschel M

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A stable cell line derived from a human oligodendroglioma (HOG) was used to study the regulation of muscarinic- and histamine receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Both carbachol and histamine increased inositol monophosphate (InsP) accumulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the presence of lithium ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Post GR,Dawson G

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines and their receptors play a decisive role in tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we describe the expression of the CXCL16-CXCR6-system in human schwannomas of different localization and in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. The transmembrane chemokine CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6/Bonzo were overe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Held-Feindt J,Rehmke B,Mentlein R,Hattermann K,Knerlich F,Hugo HH,Ludwig A,Mehdorn HM

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00