Transport of L-arginine in cultured glial cells.

abstract：:Transplantation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) results in efficient remyelination in animal models of demyelination. However, the experiments so far undertaken have not addressed the need for tissue-type matching to achieve graft-mediated remyelination. Examination of MHC expression (main determinant of all...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tepavcević V,Blakemore WF

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression profiling of distinct central nervous system (CNS) cell populations has been employed to facilitate disease classification and to provide insights into the molecular basis of brain pathology. One important cell type implicated in a wide variety of CNS disease states is the resident brain macrophage (microgl...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Solga AC,Pong WW,Walker J,Wylie T,Magrini V,Apicelli AJ,Griffith M,Griffith OL,Kohsaka S,Wu GF,Brody DL,Mardis ER,Gutmann DH

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), are mediated, at least in part, by various cytokines and proteases. In the present study, we investigated the expression of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-17, an important sheddase for various proteins, including tumor necros...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kieseier BC,Pischel H,Neuen-Jacob E,Tourtellotte WW,Hartung HP

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The properties of glial cells in lesioned nerves contribute quite substantially to success or failure of axon regeneration in the CNS. Goldfish retinal axons regenerate after optic nerve lesion (ONS) and express the L1-like cell adhesion protein E587 antigen on their surfaces. Goldfish oligodendrocytes in vitro also p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ankerhold R,Leppert CA,Bastmeyer M,Stuermer CA

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A major role for Müller cells in the retina is to buffer changes in the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) resulting from light-evoked neuronal activity. The primary K+ conductance in Müller cells is the inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1. Since this channel is constitutively active, K+ can enter or exit Müller...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Connors NC,Kofuji P

更新日期：2006-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing evidence has suggested that astrocytes demonstrate striking regionally allocated functional heterogeneity. Here, we discuss how this spatiotemporally encoded diversity determines the astrocytic phenotype along a finely grained spectrum from neuroprotective to deleterious states. With increasing recognition ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Clarke BE,Taha DM,Tyzack GE,Patani R

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a deadly neurodegenerative disease often caused by mutation in a gene called NPC1, which results in the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in the endosomal-lysosomal system. Most studies on the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in NPC have focused on neur...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chen G,Li HM,Chen YR,Gu XS,Duan S

更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of sodium channel alpha-subunit isoforms in astrocytes cultured from P-0 rat spinal cord and P-7 rat optic nerve was examined utilizing immunocytochemical methods with antibodies generated against conserved and isoform-specific amino acid sequences of the rat brain sodium channel. In spinal cord culture...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Black JA,Westenbroek R,Minturn JE,Ransom BR,Catterall WA,Waxman SG

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes releasing glucose- and/or glycogen-derived lactate and glutamine play a crucial role in shaping neuronal function and plasticity. Little is known, however, how metabolic functions of astrocytes, e.g., their ability to degrade glucosyl units, are affected by the presence of neurons. To address this issue we ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mamczur P,Borsuk B,Paszko J,Sas Z,Mozrzymas J,Wiśniewski JR,Gizak A,Rakus D

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study the distribution of astrocytes in the nerve fiber layer (NFL) has been studied in the sparsely vascularized retinae of the guinea pig and horse and in the richly vascularized retina of the Old World monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) using immunocytochemical methods. In the guinea pig retina glial fi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schnitzer J

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) is involved in the formation of the central nervous system during development by operating axon guidance and neuronal migration. We investigated the expression of the TGFβ-inducible Sema7A following spinal cord injury (SCI). After SCI, Sema7A(+) cells accumulated specifically in lesion areas res...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kopp MA,Brommer B,Gatzemeier N,Schwab JM,Prüss H

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Historically, the human brain has been conceptually segregated from the periphery and further dichotomized into gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) based on the whitish appearance of the exceptionally high lipid content of the myelin sheaths encasing neuronal axons. These simplistic dichotomies were unfortunately e...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Haroutunian V,Katsel P,Roussos P,Davis KL,Altshuler LL,Bartzokis G

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Short term and chronic dBcAMP effects on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in astroglial primary cultures are investigated. Short (48 h) and long (more than 7 days) treatments with the cAMP derivative induce both cell shape changes and an increase in GFAP immunolabelling. Such effects are only a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Le Prince G,Fages C,Rolland B,Nunez J,Tardy M

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are the gatekeepers of neuronal energy supply. In neurodegenerative diseases, bioenergetics demand increases and becomes reliant upon fatty acid oxidation as a source of energy. Defective fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial dysfunctions correlate with hippocampal neurodegeneration and memory deficits in ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Konttinen H,Gureviciene I,Oksanen M,Grubman A,Loppi S,Huuskonen MT,Korhonen P,Lampinen R,Keuters M,Belaya I,Tanila H,Kanninen KM,Goldsteins G,Landreth G,Koistinaho J,Malm T

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, have recently been removed from the position of mere sentinels and promoted to the role of active sculptors of developing circuits and cells. Alongside their functions in normal brain development, microglia coordinate sexual differentiation of the brain, a set of proces...

journal_title：Glia

authors： VanRyzin JW,Marquardt AE,Pickett LA,McCarthy MM

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating evidence supports the idea that synapses are tripartite, whereby perisynaptic astrocytes modulate both pre- and postsynaptic function. Although some of these features have been uncovered by using electrophysiological methods, less is known about the structural interplay between synapses and glial processe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Verbich D,Prenosil GA,Chang PK,Murai KK,McKinney RA

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are the predominant resident immune cells of the brain and can assume a range of phenotypes. They are critical for normal brain development and function but can also contribute to many disease processes. Although they are widely studied, the transcriptional control of microglial phenotype and activation requ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Smith AM,Gibbons HM,Oldfield RL,Bergin PM,Mee EW,Faull RL,Dragunow M

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) envelop axonal terminals and are physiologically distinct from the nearby myelinating Schwann cells (MSCs), which surround the same innervating motor axons. PSCs have special functions at the neuromuscular synapse, where they detect and can modulate neurotransmitter release. Although ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Georgiou J,Charlton MP

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocytes (OL), cells that myelinate axons in the CNS, differentiate from early to late oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) to become mature OL. Unlike the case in the rodent brain, myelin formation starts prenatally in the human brain, but the sequence of OL development and the onset of myelination are not ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jakovcevski I,Zecevic N

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing evidence that chemokines, specialized regulators of the peripheral immune system, are also involved in the physiology and pathology of the CNS. It is known that glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) express various chemokine receptors like CCR1, -3, -5, and CXCR4. We have investigated the possible...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zuurman MW,Heeroma J,Brouwer N,Boddeke HW,Biber K

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a predominant water channel protein in mammalian brains, localized in the astrocyte plasma membrane. The regulation of AQP4 is believed to be important for the homeostasis of water in the brain, but the AQP4 regulatory mechanisms are not yet known. In this study, we investigated the effect of a p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nakahama K,Nagano M,Fujioka A,Shinoda K,Sasaki H

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms involved in oligodendroglial cell death in human demyelinating diseases are only partly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the BH3 only protein Puma, but not Noxa, is essential for oligodendroglial cell death in toxic demyelination induced by the copper chelator cuprizone. Primary oligodendrocytes de...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hagemeier K,Lürbke A,Hucke S,Albrecht S,Preisner A,Klassen E,Hoffmann E,Cui QL,Antel J J,Brück W,Klotz L,Kuhlmann T

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocytes were studied in the anterior medullary velum (AMV) of the rat using the monoclonal antibody Rip, an oligodendrocyte marker of unknown function. Confocal microscopic imaging of double immunofluorescent labelling with antibodies to Rip and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) revealed two biochemically and morp...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Butt AM,Ibrahim M,Ruge FM,Berry M

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type of the central nervous system and cover a broad range of functionalities. We report here the generation of a novel monoclonal antibody, anti-astrocyte cell surface antigen-2 (Anti-ACSA-2). Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry revealed that Anti-ACSA-2 ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kantzer CG,Boutin C,Herzig ID,Wittwer C,Reiß S,Tiveron MC,Drewes J,Rockel TD,Ohlig S,Ninkovic J,Cremer H,Pennartz S,Jungblut M,Bosio A

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Water balance between cells and extracellular compartments is essential for proper functioning of the central nervous system, as demonstrated by its perturbations in pathological conditions. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in brain and spinal cord, where it is present mainly on astrocytic endfeet c...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Vitellaro-Zuccarello L,Mazzetti S,Bosisio P,Monti C,De Biasi S

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain microvasculature requires a coordinated interaction between endothelial cells and astrocytes at the gliovascular interface. However, the role of the factors involved in that interaction and expressed by these cells is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that Meteorin is highly expressed in astrocyte...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Park JA,Lee HS,Ko KJ,Park SY,Kim JH,Choe G,Kweon HS,Song HS,Ahn JC,Yu YS,Kim KW

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We first classified 12 malignant glioma cell lines into three different groups (types 1-3) with respect to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression and analyzed each group based on the different expression status of the class II transactivator (CIITA) gene. Glioma type 1 (2 of 12) showed constitutive...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Takamura Y,Ikeda H,Kanaseki T,Toyota M,Tokino T,Imai K,Houkin K,Sato N

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The electron donors glutathione and thioredoxin play many vital roles in the mechanisms of cells to cope with oxidative stress. Critical to such antioxidant functions are the ability to synthesize glutathione and keep it reduced via glutathione reductase and the ability to reduce oxidized-thioredoxin via thioredoxin r...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Eftekharpour E,Holmgren A,Juurlink BH

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gamma-secretase is an aspartyl protease composed of four proteins: presenilin (PS), nicastrin (Nct), APH1, and PEN2. These proteins assemble into a membrane complex that cleaves a variety of substrates within the transmembrane domain. The gamma-secretase cleavage products play an important role in various biological p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nadler Y,Alexandrovich A,Grigoriadis N,Hartmann T,Rao KS,Shohami E,Stein R

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After the initial mechanical insult of spinal cord injury (SCI), secondary mediators propagate a massive loss of oligodendrocytes. We previously showed that following SCI both the total phospholipase activity and cytosolic PLA(2)-IV alpha protein expression increased. However, the expression of secreted isoforms of PL...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Titsworth WL,Cheng X,Ke Y,Deng L,Burckardt KA,Pendleton C,Liu NK,Shao H,Cao QL,Xu XM

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00