Regulation of MHC class II expression in glioma cells by class II transactivator (CIITA).

abstract：:Bmi1 is a polycomb group (Pc-G) protein involved in heritable gene repression, maintenance of cell identity, and proliferation. During the development of the central nervous system, Bmi1 is crucial for self-renewal of neural stem cells and for proliferation of neuronal (granule cell) progenitors of the cerebellum. Her...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zhang X,Santuccione A,Leung C,Marino S

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Segments from adult fish and rat retinae were explanted on myelin-marker expressing oligodendrocytes derived from the regenerating goldfish optic nerve. Fish axons grew in high density and even rat retinal axons regenerated to considerable length on the surface of the fish oligodendrocytes, suggesting that this type o...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bastmeyer M,Bähr M,Stuermer CA

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the increasing evidence for a prominent role played by the perivascular endfeet of astrocytes in the functional metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons, a clear picture of their spatial organization is still lacking. To examine the three-dimensional structure of the astrocyte endfeet and their relati...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kacem K,Lacombe P,Seylaz J,Bonvento G

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reorganization of the adult dentate gyrus following unilateral entorhinal cortex lesion (ECL) is a well-established model for studying mechanisms of trauma-induced neuronal plasticity. The lesion induces deafferentiation of the outer molecular layer, which is accompanied by a strong astroglial reaction. This glial res...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schröder W,Hager G,Kouprijanova E,Weber M,Schmitt AB,Seifert G,Steinhäuser C

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gliogenesis in the mammalian CNS continues after birth, with astrocytes being generated well into the first two postnatal weeks. In this study, we have isolated an A2B5(+) astrocyte precursor (APC) from the postnatal rat forebrain, which is capable of differentiating into mature astrocytes in serum-free medium without...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lin G,Goldman JE

更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The endocannabinoid system exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by regulating cytokine production. Anandamide (AEA) down-regulates proinflammatory cytokines in a viral model of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the mechanisms by which AEA exerts these effects. Microglial cells are the main sourc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Correa F,Hernangómez M,Mestre L,Loría F,Spagnolo A,Docagne F,Di Marzo V,Guaza C

更新日期：2010-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Minocycline, a derivative of the antibiotic tetracycline, displays neuroprotective properties in various models of neurodegenerative diseases and is now used in clinical trials, because of its relative safety and tolerability. Minocycline passes the blood-brain barrier and is presumed to inhibit microglial activation....

journal_title：Glia

authors： Familian A,Boshuizen RS,Eikelenboom P,Veerhuis R

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heterosynaptic long-term depression (hLTD) at untetanized synapses accompanying the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) spatially sharpens the activity-induced synaptic potentiation; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We found that hLTD in the hippocampal CA1 region is caused by stimulation-induc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chen J,Tan Z,Zeng L,Zhang X,He Y,Gao W,Wu X,Li Y,Bu B,Wang W,Duan S

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:alpha-Synuclein, a gene whose mutations, duplication, and triplication has been linked to autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease (fPD), appears to play a central role in the pathogenesis of sporadic PD (sPD) as well. Enhancement of neurodegeneration induced by mutant alpha-synuclein has been attributed to dat...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zhang W,Dallas S,Zhang D,Guo JP,Pang H,Wilson B,Miller DS,Chen B,Zhang W,McGeer PL,Hong JS,Zhang J

更新日期：2007-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroaxonal degeneration is a pathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) contributing to irreversible neurological disability. Pathological mechanisms leading to axonal damage include autoimmunity to neuronal antigens. In actively demyelinating lesions, myelin is phagocytosed by microglia and blood-borne macroph...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Huizinga R,van der Star BJ,Kipp M,Jong R,Gerritsen W,Clarner T,Puentes F,Dijkstra CD,van der Valk P,Amor S

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal activity leads to arteriole dilation and increased blood flow in retinal vessels. This response, termed functional hyperemia, is diminished in the retinas of diabetic patients, possibly contributing to the development of diabetic retinopathy. The mechanism responsible for this loss is unknown. Here we show th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mishra A,Newman EA

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main component of intermediate filaments in astrocytes. To assess its function in astrocyte swelling, we compared astrocyte membrane properties and swelling in spinal cord slices of 8- to 10-day-old wild-type control (GFAP(+/+)) and GFAP-knockout (GFAP(-/-)) mice. Membrane...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Anderová M,Kubinová S,Mazel T,Chvátal A,Eliasson C,Pekny M,Syková E

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) is involved in the formation of the central nervous system during development by operating axon guidance and neuronal migration. We investigated the expression of the TGFβ-inducible Sema7A following spinal cord injury (SCI). After SCI, Sema7A(+) cells accumulated specifically in lesion areas res...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kopp MA,Brommer B,Gatzemeier N,Schwab JM,Prüss H

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The adrenergic agonist norepinephrine can exert its influence on cell function by activating both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. In astrocytes, the alpha-adrenergic receptor activity of norepinephrine is known to inhibit the cyclic AMP response elicited by its action at beta-adrenergic receptors. Pharmacologica...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Northam WJ,Bedoy CA,Mobley PL

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), are mediated, at least in part, by various cytokines and proteases. In the present study, we investigated the expression of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-17, an important sheddase for various proteins, including tumor necros...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kieseier BC,Pischel H,Neuen-Jacob E,Tourtellotte WW,Hartung HP

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord processes incoming painful information to ascending projection neurons. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from SG spinal cord slices documented that in a low Ca(2+) /no Mg(2+) (low X(2+) ) external medium adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/dibenzoyl-ATP, Bz-ATP) caused inwar...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ficker C,Rozmer K,Kató E,Andó RD,Schumann L,Krügel U,Franke H,Sperlágh B,Riedel T,Illes P

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assembly of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been tightly linked to compact myelin formation in the peripheral nervous system. We recently demonstrated that myelination of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons by Schwann cells may occur in the absence of basal lamina. We have now determined whether laminin deposition occ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Podratz JL,Rodriguez E,Windebank AJ

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike most bodily organs, the central nervous system (CNS) exists behind a blood-tissue barrier designed to minimize the passage of cells and macromolecules into the neural parenchyma. Yet, the CNS is routinely and effectively surveyed by the immune system. This review examines the mechanisms and participants in this...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hickey WF

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term, persistent central nervous system inflammation is commonly seen following brain infection. Using a murine model of viral encephalitis (murine cytomegalovirus, MCMV) we have previously shown that post-encephalitic brains are maintained in an inflammatory state consisting of glial cell reactivity, retention o...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lokensgard JR,Schachtele SJ,Mutnal MB,Sheng WS,Prasad S,Hu S

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Propagation of intercellular calcium waves (ICW) between astrocytes depends on the diffusion of signaling molecules through gap junction channels and diffusion through the extracellular space of neuroactive substances acting on plasmalemmal receptors. The relative contributions of these two pathways vary in different ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Suadicani SO,De Pina-Benabou MH,Urban-Maldonado M,Spray DC,Scemes E

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:These studies have enabled the first characterization of the properties of ion channels in adult oligodendrocytes. Cell-attached recordings from cultured adult bovine cells showed channel activity with 140 mM KCl in the patch pipette; the amplitude of the currents was increased with increasing membrane hyperpolarizati...

journal_title：Glia

authors： McLarnon JG,Kim SU

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radial glia are neural stem cells that exist only transiently during central nervous system (CNS) development, where they serve as scaffolds for neuronal migration. Their instability makes them difficult to study, and therefore we have isolated stabilized radial glial clones from E14.5 cortical progenitors (e.g., L2.3...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Li H,Chang YW,Mohan K,Su HW,Ricupero CL,Baridi A,Hart RP,Grumet M

更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown previously that switching of the alpha v-associated beta1 and beta5 integrin subunits during differentiation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes may regulate important aspects of cell behaviour such as migration (Milner et al., 1996: J Neurosci 16:7240-7252). In this study we have examined the development...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Milner R,Frost E,Nishimura S,Delcommenne M,Streuli C,Pytela R,Ffrench-Constant C

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Injury to the adult brain results in the formation of a glial scar that involves both activated astroglia and microglia/macrophages. Although reactive gliosis has been linked to failure of axonal regeneration in the adult mammalian CNS, the spatio-temporal pattern of the postlesion responses in morphology and distribu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Stichel CC,Müller HW

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II and their binding proteins (BPs) has been studied in new-born rat astroblasts at confluency in primary culture. Under the influence of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) (acidic and basic), the morphology of the astroblasts was altered, 125I-deoxyuridine incor...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Loret C,Janet T,Labourdette G,Schneid H,Binoux M

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells execute essential functions in central nervous system (CNS) development and are also believed to play important roles during gliosis in response to trauma or disease. These developmental and pathological states have also been associated with elevated expression of opioid genes. Because levels of the cytoki...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Negro A,Tavella A,Facci L,Callegaro L,Skaper SD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Manganese in excess is neurotoxic and causes CNS injury resembling that of Parkinson's disease. In brain, astrocytes predominantly take up and accumulate manganese and are thus vulnerable to its toxicity. Manganese was shown to induce cell swelling in cultured astrocytes, and oxidative/nitrosative stress (ONS) mediate...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Rao KV,Jayakumar AR,Reddy PV,Tong X,Curtis KM,Norenberg MD

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated the intracellular and extracellular biological role of S100B protein with respect to microglia. S100B, which belongs to the multigenic family of Ca2+-binding proteins, is abundant in astrocytes where it is found diffusely in the cytoplasm and is associated with membranes and cytoskeleton constituents. S10...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Adami C,Sorci G,Blasi E,Agneletti AL,Bistoni F,Donato R

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) play a critical role in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by regulating the viability of oligodendrocytes. Our previous studies show th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Stone S,Wu S,Jamison S,Durose W,Pallais JP,Lin W

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cerebral edema, a life-threatening medical complication, contributes to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and a poor clinical prognosis after TBI. Unfortunately, treatment options to reduce post-traumatic edema remain suboptimal, du...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Laird MD,Shields JS,Sukumari-Ramesh S,Kimbler DE,Fessler RD,Shakir B,Youssef P,Yanasak N,Vender JR,Dhandapani KM

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00