Pharmacological identification of the alpha-adrenergic receptor type which inhibits the beta-adrenergic activated adenylate cyclase system in cultured astrocytes.

abstract：:The idea of a metabolic coupling between neurons and astrocytes in the brain has been entertained for about 100 years. The use recently of simple and well-compartmentalized nervous systems, such as the honeybee retina or purified preparations of neurons and glia, provided strong support for a nutritive function of gli...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tsacopoulos M,Poitry-Yamate CL,Poitry S,Perrottet P,Veuthey AL

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was focused on identifying the expression of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits on activated microglia and to determine their role in the pathogenesis of periventricular white matter damage (PWMD) in neonatal rats following hypoxia. One day old wistar rats were subjected to hypoxia (5% O(...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Murugan M,Sivakumar V,Lu J,Ling EA,Kaur C

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) as a target for autoantibody-mediated demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) resulted in the re-evaluation of the role of B cell responses to myelin autoantigens in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. MOG is a central n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Iglesias A,Bauer J,Litzenburger T,Schubart A,Linington C

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the optic nerve, as an analogous tissue to brain white matter, to assess possible relationships between changes in the blood-nerve barrier, axonal integrity, and astrocyte morphology in the central nervous system during fatal murine cerebral malaria (FMCM). In the FMCM model, namely, CBA mice infected with...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ma N,Madigan MC,Chan-Ling T,Hunt NH

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated levels of Oncostatin M (OSM), an interleukin-6 family cytokine, have been observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), and glioblastoma (GBM); however, its effects within the CNS are not well understood. OSM regulates gene expression primarily by activating the JAK/STAT,...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Baker BJ,Park KW,Qin H,Ma X,Benveniste EN

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have attempted to reconstruct in vitro the events that may occur in vivo during reperfusion injury after ischemia in the central nervous system. The phenomenon is induced by previous exposure to low calcium solutions ("calcium paradox") before the reperfusion episode. Intracellular calcium alterations during reperf...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kim-Lee MH,Stokes BT,Yates AJ

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is a major output nucleus of the basal ganglia circuitry particularly sensitive to pathological dopamine depletion. Indeed, hyperactivity of SNr neurons is known to be responsible for some motor disorders characteristic of Parkinson's disease. The neuronal processing of basal...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bosson A,Boisseau S,Buisson A,Savasta M,Albrieux M

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) envelop axonal terminals and are physiologically distinct from the nearby myelinating Schwann cells (MSCs), which surround the same innervating motor axons. PSCs have special functions at the neuromuscular synapse, where they detect and can modulate neurotransmitter release. Although ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Georgiou J,Charlton MP

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dorsal root entry zone is a PNS-CNS junction between Schwann cells and astrocytes, defining the site where dorsal root ganglia (DRG) axons enter the adult mammalian spinal cord. Following dorsal root injury (rhizotomy), DRG axons regenerate within the PNS environment of the root but stop at the DREZ and fail to re...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Golding JP,Bird C,McMahon S,Cohen J

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitogenic role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its involvement in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation were examined in primary cultures of cerebellar astrocytes. Exposure to bFGF resulted in a rapid increase of extracellular S1P formation, bFGF inducing astrocytes to release S1P, but n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bassi R,Anelli V,Giussani P,Tettamanti G,Viani P,Riboni L

更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The red nucleus (RN) has been widely used to study the formation and remodeling of synaptic connections during development and in post-lesion plasticity. Since glial cells are thought to contribute to synaptic plasticity, and information on functional properties of brain stem glia is missing, we analyzed voltage-gated...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Akopian G,Kuprijanova E,Kressin K,Steinhüser C

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on their typical pattern of membrane currents, four populations of glial cells could be identified in thin brain slices of the postnatal hippocampus. In the present study, we applied the patch-clamp technique to glial cells in the hippocampal CA1 region, which are characterized by a complex pattern of different ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Akopian G,Kressin K,Derouiche A,Steinhäuser C

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell death in the oligodendrocyte lineage occurs during development and in pathological conditions as the result of a balance between opposing molecular signals. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of activation of signal transduction pathways affecting life/death decisions in progenitor cells and in matur...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Casaccia-Bonnefil P

更新日期：2000-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels have been implicated in the mediation of retinal K+ homeostasis by Muller glial cells. To assess possible involvement of altered glial K+ channel expression in ischemia-reperfusion injury, transient retinal ischemia was induced in rat eyes. Acutely isolated Muller cells from posti...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Pannicke T,Uckermann O,Iandiev I,Biedermann B,Wiedemann P,Perlman I,Reichenbach A,Bringmann A

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord processes incoming painful information to ascending projection neurons. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from SG spinal cord slices documented that in a low Ca(2+) /no Mg(2+) (low X(2+) ) external medium adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/dibenzoyl-ATP, Bz-ATP) caused inwar...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ficker C,Rozmer K,Kató E,Andó RD,Schumann L,Krügel U,Franke H,Sperlágh B,Riedel T,Illes P

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglial cells have a double life as the immune cells of the brain in times of stress but have also specific physiological functions in homeostatic conditions. In pathological contexts, microglia undergo a phenotypic switch called "reaction" that promotes the initiation and the propagation of neuro-inflammation. Rea...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hirbec H,Marmai C,Duroux-Richard I,Roubert C,Esclangon A,Croze S,Lachuer J,Peyroutou R,Rassendren F

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Injection of Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the whisker pad of rats yields a stable retrograde labeling of facial motoneurons. After removal of 10 mm from the facial nerve the microglia phagocytose the FG-prelabeled dead neurons and assume the label. A subsequent brightfield immunostaining of the sections with HRP-DAB as end-p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Angelov DN,Neiss WF,Streppel M,Walther M,Guntinas-Lichius O,Stennert E

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS, are derived postnatally from oligodendrocyte precursors (OPs) of the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, the mechanisms that regulate their generation from SVZ neural stem cells (NSC) are poorly understood. Here, we have examined the role of glycogen synthase kinase ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Azim K,Rivera A,Raineteau O,Butt AM

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Minocycline, a derivative of the antibiotic tetracycline, displays neuroprotective properties in various models of neurodegenerative diseases and is now used in clinical trials, because of its relative safety and tolerability. Minocycline passes the blood-brain barrier and is presumed to inhibit microglial activation....

journal_title：Glia

authors： Familian A,Boshuizen RS,Eikelenboom P,Veerhuis R

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity has been used to study the astroglial response in the rat spinal cord to long-term portacaval shunt (PCS). The astroglial response in PCS rats is heterogeneous. In general, astrocytes show a loss of GFAP immunoreactivity, as well as shrinking and pyknosis in thei...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bodega G,Suárez I,Arilla E,Rubio M,Fernández B

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-α and IFN-β, represent the major effector cytokines of the host immune response against viruses and other intracellular pathogens. These cytokines are produced via activation of numerous pattern recognition receptors, including the Toll-like receptor signaling network, retinoic acid-indu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blank T,Prinz M

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The X-linked mutation rumpshaker (rsh), which is probably an allele of jimpy (jp), causes hypomyelination in the CNS of mice. This study examines the developmental expression of the morphology, glial cells, and immunostaining of myelin proteins in the optic nerve and spinal cord. The optic nerve contains varying numbe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fanarraga ML,Griffiths IR,McCulloch MC,Barrie JA,Kennedy PG,Brophy PJ

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sequence of events by which new oligodendrocytes are generated in the adult mammalian central nervous system has not been clearly defined. Here we review old evidence that remyelinating cells can arise from the division of mature oligodendrocytes. In addition, we report the results of a tissue culture study compar...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wood PM,Bunge RP

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating evidence indicates that astrocytes are actively involved in the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the brain. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling, especially Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is considered to be crucial for the regulation of astrocytic functions. Mice with genetic ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Okubo Y,Kanemaru K,Suzuki J,Kobayashi K,Hirose K,Iino M

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system leading to selective destruction of myelin sheaths and/or oligodendrocytes. The immunological mechanisms responsible for myelin destruction and the primary target of the immune response have not yet been identified. Prior studies h...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kuhlmann T,Lucchinetti C,Zettl UK,Bitsch A,Lassmann H,Brück W

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biologically active lipid metabolite, platelet-activating factor (PAF), is thought to contribute to inflammatory processes and tissue damage in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. In previous studies, we found that after contusion spinal cord injury, treatment with a PAF antagonist led to significa...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hostettler ME,Knapp PE,Carlson SL

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schwann cells (SCs) and olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) have shown promise for spinal cord injury repair. We sought their in vivo identification following transplantation into the contused adult rat spinal cord at 1 week post-injury by: (i) DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) with a Y-chromosome specific probe to identif...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Pearse DD,Sanchez AR,Pereira FC,Andrade CM,Puzis R,Pressman Y,Golden K,Kitay BM,Blits B,Wood PM,Bunge MB

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether insulin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways protect retinal neurons against excitotoxicity and regulate the proliferation of Müller glia. We found that intraocular injections of insulin or FGF2 had variable effects u...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fischer AJ,Scott MA,Ritchey ER,Sherwood P

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperpolarization-activated currents were recorded from rat brain cortical and spinal cord astrocytes maintained in culture. Spinal cord astrocytes expressed primarily an inward rectifier potassium current characterized by time-dependent inactivation, a strong dependence on extracellular Na+ and insensitivity to intra...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Guatteo E,Stanness KA,Janigro D

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of sodium channel alpha-subunit isoforms in astrocytes cultured from P-0 rat spinal cord and P-7 rat optic nerve was examined utilizing immunocytochemical methods with antibodies generated against conserved and isoform-specific amino acid sequences of the rat brain sodium channel. In spinal cord culture...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Black JA,Westenbroek R,Minturn JE,Ransom BR,Catterall WA,Waxman SG

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00