Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase reverses the loss of functional hyperemia in diabetic retinopathy.

abstract：:A role for free radicals has been proposed in infectious brain disease, where resident microglia cells upregulate the inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS), and thus are capable of producing nitric oxide at enhanced rates. Using the constitutively expressed NADPH oxidase, microglial cells can generate superox...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Possel H,Noack H,Putzke J,Wolf G,Sies H

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of microglia-conditioned medium (MCM) on the inducible Nrf2 system in astrocyte-rich cultures were investigated by determination of glutathione (GSH) levels, γglutamylcysteine ligase (γGCL) activity, the protein levels of Nrf2, Keap1, the modulatory subunit of γGCL (γGCL-M) and activated MAP kinases (ERK1/...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Correa F,Ljunggren E,Mallard C,Nilsson M,Weber SG,Sandberg M

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia survey the brain environment by sensing several types of diffusible molecules, among which extracellular nucleotides released/leaked from damaged cells have central roles. Microglia sense ATP or other nucleotides by multiple P2 receptors, after which they change into several different phenotypes. However, so...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Imura Y,Morizawa Y,Komatsu R,Shibata K,Shinozaki Y,Kasai H,Moriishi K,Moriyama Y,Koizumi S

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolated acellular nerve segments protected from migration of Schwann cells and the acellular nerve segments joined with the distal nerve stumps were prepared by a repeated freeze-thaw procedure in the rat sciatic nerves. The presence of laminin-1 and -2, as well as alpha6 and beta1 integrin chains, was detected by in...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Dubový P,Svízenská I,Klusáková I,Zítková A,Houst'Ava L,Haninec P

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epilepsy is characterized by unpredictable recurrent seizures resulting from hypersynchronous discharges from neuron assemblies. Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant astrocyte signaling to neurons plays an important role in driving the network hyperexcitability. Purinergic signaling is central in neuron-glia an...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nikolic L,Nobili P,Shen W,Audinat E

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc finger transcription factors of the Krüppel-class figure prominently in cell fate specification and differentiation in the nervous system. One of the Krüppel-type genes that was originally cloned from an oligodendrocyte library by virtue of its homology with the prototypic Krüppel motif is the rat rKr2 gene (Pott...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lovas G,Li W,Pott U,Verga T,Hudson LD

更新日期：2001-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms that control microglial activation are of interest, since neuroinflammation, which involves reactive microglia, may be an additional target in the search for therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Neuron-microglia interaction through contact-dependent or independent mechanisms is in...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Dentesano G,Serratosa J,Tusell JM,Ramón P,Valente T,Saura J,Solà C

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Syndecan-1, -2, -3, and -4 are heparan sulfate proteoglycans that are differentially expressed during development and wound repair. To determine whether syndecans are also involved in brain injury, we examined the expression of syndecan core proteins genes in cryo-injured mouse brain, using in situ hybridization. All ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Iseki K,Hagino S,Mori T,Zhang Y,Yokoya S,Takaki H,Tase C,Murakawa M,Wanaka A

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Manganese in excess is neurotoxic and causes CNS injury resembling that of Parkinson's disease. In brain, astrocytes predominantly take up and accumulate manganese and are thus vulnerable to its toxicity. Manganese was shown to induce cell swelling in cultured astrocytes, and oxidative/nitrosative stress (ONS) mediate...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Rao KV,Jayakumar AR,Reddy PV,Tong X,Curtis KM,Norenberg MD

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sciatic nerve explants cultured either alone or in the presence of peritoneal macrophages were used to study prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) production following traumatic peripheral nerve injury. Although barely detectable at early time points (1-3 h in vitro), the production of PGE(2) and 6-keto-P...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Muja N,DeVries GH

更新日期：2004-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression profiling of distinct central nervous system (CNS) cell populations has been employed to facilitate disease classification and to provide insights into the molecular basis of brain pathology. One important cell type implicated in a wide variety of CNS disease states is the resident brain macrophage (microgl...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Solga AC,Pong WW,Walker J,Wylie T,Magrini V,Apicelli AJ,Griffith M,Griffith OL,Kohsaka S,Wu GF,Brody DL,Mardis ER,Gutmann DH

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike microglia and NG2 glia, astrocytes are incapable of migrating to sites of injury in the posttraumatic cerebral cortex, instead relying on proliferation to replenish their numbers and distribution in the affected region. However, neither the spectrum of their proliferative repertoire nor their postinjury distrib...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lange Canhos L,Chen M,Falk S,Popper B,Straub T,Götz M,Sirko S

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis, transport, and insertion of jimpy proteolipid protein and DM20 were studied in normal (158N) and jimpy (158JP) immortalized oligodendrocyte lines. Four different expression vectors encoding fusion proteins composed of native PLP and DM20 or jimpy PLP or DM20 were linked to enhanced green fluorescent pro...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ghandour MS,Feutz AC,Jalabi W,Taleb O,Bessert D,Cypher M,Carlock L,Skoff RP

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the increasing evidence for a prominent role played by the perivascular endfeet of astrocytes in the functional metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons, a clear picture of their spatial organization is still lacking. To examine the three-dimensional structure of the astrocyte endfeet and their relati...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kacem K,Lacombe P,Seylaz J,Bonvento G

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a platelet-derived bioactive sphingolipid that evokes a variety of biological responses. To understand the role of S1P in the central nervous system, we have examined the effect of S1P on the production of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and growth regulation of cort...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yamagata K,Tagami M,Torii Y,Takenaga F,Tsumagari S,Itoh S,Yamori Y,Nara Y

更新日期：2003-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Human astrocytes provide trophic as well as structural support to the surrounding brain cells. Furthermore, they have been implicated in many physiological processes important for central nervous system function. Traditionally astrocytes have been considered to be a homogeneous class of cells, however, it has increasi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： de Majo M,Koontz M,Rowitch D,Ullian EM

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulative evidence indicates that microglial cells influence the normal development of central nervous system (CNS) synapses. Yet, the functional properties of microglia in relation with synapse development remain unclear. We recently showed that in layer 4 of the whisker-related barrel field of the mouse somatosen...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Arnoux I,Hoshiko M,Mandavy L,Avignone E,Yamamoto N,Audinat E

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Free glycine is known to have vital functions in the mammalian brain, where it serves mainly as both neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. Despite its importance, little is known about the metabolic pathways of glycine synthesis and degradation in the central nervous system. In this study, the pathway of glycine metabo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Verleysdonk S,Martin H,Willker W,Leibfritz D,Hamprecht B

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myelin biogenesis is a complex process involving coordinated exocytosis, endocytosis, mRNA transport, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Although abnormalities of myelin are common in lysosomal storage diseases, our understanding of the role of lysosomes in the formation and maintenance of myelin is still limited. Here, we sh...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chen G,Zhang Z,Wei Z,Cheng Q,Li X,Li W,Duan S,Gu X

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell death in the oligodendrocyte lineage occurs during development and in pathological conditions as the result of a balance between opposing molecular signals. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of activation of signal transduction pathways affecting life/death decisions in progenitor cells and in matur...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Casaccia-Bonnefil P

更新日期：2000-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The prospects of achieving regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) have changed, as most recent findings indicate that several species, including humans, can produce neurons in adulthood. Studies targeting this property may be considered as potential therapeutic strategies to respond to injury or the effects ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gómez RM,Sánchez MY,Portela-Lomba M,Ghotme K,Barreto GE,Sierra J,Moreno-Flores MT

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroadapted Sindbis Virus (NSV) is a neuronotropic virus that causes hindlimb paralysis in susceptible mice and rats. The authors and others have demonstrated that though death of infected motor neurons occurs, bystander death of uninfected neurons also occurs and both contribute to the paralysis that ensues followin...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Carmen J,Gowing G,Julien JP,Kerr D

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory changes have been found in Parkinson's disease, in humans intoxicated with the parkinsonian toxin MPTP, and in animal models of the disease. However, it is still not known whether inflammatory changes are responsible for active nerve cell death or if they have a protective role against neurodegeneration. ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Barcia C,Sánchez Bahillo A,Fernández-Villalba E,Bautista V,Poza Y Poza M,Fernández-Barreiro A,Hirsch EC,Herrero MT

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial growth factors are proteins encoded by the neuregulin gene and are thought to signal via receptor tyrosine kinases. Many neuregulin gene products bind heparin, and we hypothesize that affinity for heparin may implicate cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HeSPGs) as co-receptors for the soluble neuregulin...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Sudhalter J,Whitehouse L,Rusche JR,Marchionni MA,Mahanthappa NK

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When the brain suffers injury, microglia migrate to the damaged sites and become activated. These activated microglia are not detected several days later and the mechanisms underlying their disappearance are not well characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-13, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yang MS,Park EJ,Sohn S,Kwon HJ,Shin WH,Pyo HK,Jin B,Choi KS,Jou I,Joe EH

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypotonic challenge induces transient swelling in glial cells, which is typically followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). In contrast, lactic acidosis (lactacidosis) induces persistent cell swelling in astrocytes without an accompanying RVD. In the present study, we studied the mechanisms by which lactacidosis...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nabekura T,Morishima S,Cover TL,Mori S,Kannan H,Komune S,Okada Y

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine able to evoke a wide array of cellular responses including proliferation, migration, and survival through activation of its receptor c-met. Various types of leukocytes have been described to express c-met suggesting that HGF/c-met signaling may directly influenc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Moransard M,Sawitzky M,Fontana A,Suter T

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much current knowledge of oligodendrocyte biology, the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system, comes from cell culture studies mainly from postnatal rat tissue but mouse cells have been much more difficult to produce in large quantities. We have developed a high yield protocol for production of oligodendro...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Pedraza CE,Monk R,Lei J,Hao Q,Macklin WB

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dentate neurogenesis, important for learning and memory, declines dramatically by middle age. Although studies have shown that this age-related decrease can be reversed to some extent by exogenous applications of mitogenic factors, it is unclear whether one or more of these factors exhibits decline by middle age. We h...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Shetty AK,Hattiangady B,Shetty GA

更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Injury to the preterm brain has a particular predilection for cerebral white matter. White matter injury (WMI) is the most common cause of brain injury in preterm infants and a major cause of chronic neurological morbidity including cerebral palsy. Factors that predispose to WMI include cerebral oxygenation disturbanc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Back SA,Rosenberg PA

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00