Differential expression of protein tyrosine kinase genes during microglial activation.

abstract：:We recently showed that trisialoganglioside (GT1b) induces cell death of dopaminergic neurons in rat mesencephalic cultures (Chung et al., Neuroreport 12:611-614, 2001). The present study examines the in vivo neurotoxic effects of GT1b on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Seven ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ryu JK,Shin WH,Kim J,Joe EH,Lee YB,Cho KG,Oh YJ,Kim SU,Jin BK

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurogenesis persists in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mammalian brain. During aging, the SVZ neurogenic capacity undergoes a progressive decline, which is attributed to a decrease in the population of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the behavior of the NSCs that remain in the aged brain is not fully u...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Capilla-Gonzalez V,Cebrian-Silla A,Guerrero-Cazares H,Garcia-Verdugo JM,Quiñones-Hinojosa A

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We first classified 12 malignant glioma cell lines into three different groups (types 1-3) with respect to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression and analyzed each group based on the different expression status of the class II transactivator (CIITA) gene. Glioma type 1 (2 of 12) showed constitutive...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Takamura Y,Ikeda H,Kanaseki T,Toyota M,Tokino T,Imai K,Houkin K,Sato N

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our knowledge of multiple sclerosis (MS) neuropathology has benefited from a number of studies that provided an in-depth description of plaques and, more recently, diffuse alterations of the normal-appearing white or grey matter. However, there have been few studies focusing on the periplaque regions surrounding demye...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lieury A,Chanal M,Androdias G,Reynolds R,Cavagna S,Giraudon P,Confavreux C,Nataf S

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitogenic role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its involvement in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation were examined in primary cultures of cerebellar astrocytes. Exposure to bFGF resulted in a rapid increase of extracellular S1P formation, bFGF inducing astrocytes to release S1P, but n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bassi R,Anelli V,Giussani P,Tettamanti G,Viani P,Riboni L

更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Pruning, the elimination of excess synapses is a phenomenon of fundamental importance for correct wiring of the central nervous system. The establishment of the cerebellar climbing fiber (CF)-to-Purkinje cell (PC) synapse provides a suitable model to study pruning and pruning-relevant processes during early postnatal ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kaiser N,Pätz C,Brachtendorf S,Eilers J,Bechmann I

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The extrasynaptic region of the squid giant nerve fiber exhibits neuron-Schwann cell interactions that appear to involve glutamate as a mediator. In an earlier work, it was demonstrated that the periaxonal sheaths of such nerves (where the Schwann cells are located) possess the capacity to transport glutamate. However...

journal_title：Glia

authors： García RA

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a cause of major neurological disability, and no satisfactory treatment is currently available. Traumatic SCI directly damages the cell bodies and/or processes of neurons and triggers a series of endogenous processes, including neuroinflammatory response and reactive astrogliosis. In this s...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Su Z,Yuan Y,Cao L,Zhu Y,Gao L,Qiu Y,He C

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of adenylate cyclase in astroglial cells in culture results in a rapid change in cell shape that appears to occur by the active movement of cytoplasm from peripheral cell regions to the perinuclear space with processes being formed along regions that remain extended. Three series of experiments were designe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Shain W,Bausback D,Fiero A,Madelian V,Turner JN

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we investigated the involvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the brain of the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse, an experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). To this purpose, we used two tight junction markers, the Zonula occludens (ZO-1) and claudin-1 proteins, and a glial marker, th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nico B,Frigeri A,Nicchia GP,Corsi P,Ribatti D,Quondamatteo F,Herken R,Girolamo F,Marzullo A,Svelto M,Roncali L

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enteric glial cells were first described at the end of the 19th century, but they attracted more interest from researchers only in the last decades of the 20th. Although, they have a different embryological origin, the enteric GLIA share many characteristics with astrocytes, the main glial cell type of the central ner...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Coelho-Aguiar Jde M,Bon-Frauches AC,Gomes AL,Veríssimo CP,Aguiar DP,Matias D,Thomasi BB,Gomes AS,Brito GA,Moura-Neto V

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes express gap junction proteins and multiple types of P2Y receptors (P2YRs) that contribute to the propagation of intercellular Ca(2+) waves (ICW). To gain access to the role played by gap junctional communication in ICW propagation generated by P2YR activation, we selectively expressed P2Y(1,2,4)R subtypes a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Suadicani SO,Flores CE,Urban-Maldonado M,Beelitz M,Scemes E

更新日期：2004-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer stem cells (CSC) are essential for tumorigenesis. The transcription factor Sox2 is overexpressed in brain gliomas, and is essential to maintain CSC. In mouse high-grade glioma pHGG cells in culture, Sox2 deletion causes cell proliferation arrest and inability to reform tumors after transplantation in vivo; in S...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Barone C,Buccarelli M,Alessandrini F,Pagin M,Rigoldi L,Sambruni I,Favaro R,Ottolenghi S,Pallini R,Ricci-Vitiani L,Malatesta P,Nicolis SK

更新日期：2021-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike most bodily organs, the central nervous system (CNS) exists behind a blood-tissue barrier designed to minimize the passage of cells and macromolecules into the neural parenchyma. Yet, the CNS is routinely and effectively surveyed by the immune system. This review examines the mechanisms and participants in this...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hickey WF

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Persistence of radial glia within the adult central nervous system is a widespread phenomenon among fish. Based on a series of studies in the teleost species Apteronotus leptorhynchus, we propose that one function of this persistence is the involvement of radial glia in adult neurogenesis, i.e., the generation and fur...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zupanc GK,Clint SC

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become evident recently only that microglia are not only responsible for immunomodulatory functions in the brain but represent vital components of the larger synaptic formation, which also includes pre and postsynaptic neurones as well as astrocytes. Microglia critically contribute to CNS homeostasis by their a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blank T,Prinz M

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite decades of research, primary brain tumors, gliomas, lack effective treatment options and present a huge clinical challenge. Particularly, the most malignant subtype, Glioblastoma multiforme, proliferates extensively and cells often undergo incomplete cell divisions, resulting in multinucleated cells. We now pr...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bomben VC,Sontheimer H

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign tumors that arise from the Schwann cells (SCs) lining the vestibular nerve. VS cells survive and proliferate far from neurons and axonally derived growth factors. We have previously shown that VSs produce the glial growth factor, neuregulin-1 (NRG1), and its receptors, ErbB2 and...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hansen MR,Roehm PC,Chatterjee P,Green SH

更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperpolarization-activated currents were recorded from rat brain cortical and spinal cord astrocytes maintained in culture. Spinal cord astrocytes expressed primarily an inward rectifier potassium current characterized by time-dependent inactivation, a strong dependence on extracellular Na+ and insensitivity to intra...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Guatteo E,Stanness KA,Janigro D

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocyte proliferation is tightly controlled during development and in the adult nervous system. In the present study, we find that a high-molecular-weight (MW) form of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is found in rat spinal cord tissue and becomes degraded soon after traumatic spinal cord injury. Newly synthesi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Struve J,Maher PC,Li YQ,Kinney S,Fehlings MG,Kuntz C 4th,Sherman LS

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitogenic growth factors play an important role in the initial stages of oligodendrocyte development, but their roles in the process of myelination itself remain less well defined. In order to study directly the effects of different growth factors on myelination, we used a purified in vitro co-culture system with dors...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wang Z,Colognato H,Ffrench-Constant C

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous in vitro studies using cell cultures or brain slices have demonstrated that phospholipase D (PLD) in the nervous system is involved in the signaling mechanism in response to a variety of agonists. However, little is known about the pathophysiological role of PLD-mediated signaling in the adult brain. We exami...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lee MY,Kim SY,Min DS,Choi YS,Shin SL,Chun MH,Lee SB,Kim MS,Jo YH

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells in vitro express at least two types (H1 and H2) of histamine receptors and three types (EP, FP, and TP) of prostanoid receptors. The receptors expressed by glial cells differ according to the cell type and source in the brain. Furthermore primary astrocytes of same type derived from the same brain region a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Inagaki N,Wada H

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological methods and biomarker...

journal_title：Glia

authors： van Bodegraven EJ,van Asperen JV,Robe PAJ,Hol EM

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the adult mammalian brain, neurogenesis originates from astrocyte-like stem cells. We generated a transgenic mouse line in which the tetracycline dependent transactivator (tTA) is expressed under the control of the murine GFAP promoter. In this mouse line, inducible gene expression targets virtually all GFAP-expres...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Weber T,Baier V,Pauly R,Sahay A,Baur M,Herrmann E,Ciccolini F,Hen R,Kronenberg G,Bartsch D

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are CNS resident immune cells and a rich source of neuroactive mediators, but their contribution to physiological brain processes such as synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory is not fully understood. In this study, we used mice with partial depletion of IκB kinase β, the main activating kinase in the in...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kyrargyri V,Vega-Flores G,Gruart A,Delgado-García JM,Probert L

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of microglia in retinal inflammation is still ambiguous. Branch retinal vein occlusion initiates an inflammatory response whereby resident microglia cells are activated. They trigger infiltration of neutrophils that exacerbate blood-retina barrier damage, regulate postischemic inflammation and irreversible lo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jovanovic J,Liu X,Kokona D,Zinkernagel MS,Ebneter A

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Activation of microglia has been reported for a variety of CNS diseases and is believed to be involved in inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. Loss of TGFβ1 results in ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Spittau B,Wullkopf L,Zhou X,Rilka J,Pfeifer D,Krieglstein K

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of this study was to investigate the reaction of the Müller cells to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP is one of the risk factors in glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. Müller cells play an important role in retinal homeostasis. The reaction of Müller cells was examined by e...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Woldemussie E,Wijono M,Ruiz G

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cannabinoid signaling system is composed of cannabinoid (CB) receptors, their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, and the enzymes that produce and inactivate them. It is well known that neurons communicate between each other through this signaling system. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive c...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Stella N

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00