解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::We conducted a survey of susceptibility among 758 gram-negative bacilli (GNB; collected from cancer patients over a 3-month period) to commonly used antibiotics. The overall resistance among GNB was least for piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem (5 and 6%, respectively) followed by cefepime (8%), imipenem (9%), amika...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000007223
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intraphagocytic killing of Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi by ciprofloxacin (0.1, 1 and 5 microg/ml) within human neutrophils with intact and impaired (by phenylbutazone treatment) O2-dependent killing mechanisms was studied and compared with the extracellular ki...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000007196
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from five clinical trials of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) in the treatment of invasive mycoses were pooled to analyze the renal sparing effects of ABCD. Serum creatinine levels at baseline and either during or at end of treatment were available for 499 of 572 patients (87.2%). The median cumulative ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000048469
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The therapeutic efficacy of oral treatment with levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin on an experimental pneumonia caused by the penicillin-intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae for which the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the quinolones are similar was assessed in immunocompetent CBA/J mice. Levofl...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000007181
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of low concentrations of various antimicrobial agents on the adherence of mucoid Staphylococcus epidermidis to intraocular lenses was investigated. Adherent growth of S. epidermidis on to polymethylmethacrylate lenses was greatly diminished by ciprofloxacin and clindamycin (>75%), followed by ceftazidime ( ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000007165
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crl:CD1(ICR) BR mice were fed chow containing Candida albicans or regular chow. Both groups were subsequently given either antibiotics or normal saline. Stool cultures were performed before, at the end of treatment and 1 week after treatment, to determine the effect on the stool yeast concentration. Candida-colonized ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000007151
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro bactericidal effects of therapeutic concentrations of levofloxacin (LVFX) on clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis were assessed. Starting from 10(7) CFU/ml, the bacterial count was determined serially during the exposure to LVFX present at concentrations automatically simu...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000007133
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Switch therapy, or step-down therapy, is the concept of switching from an intravenous antibiotic to an oral preparation after a few days, once the condition of the patient has improved and the pathogen and its susceptibility have been determined. The orally active third-generation cephalosporin cefixime is a primary c...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000048460
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::AM-1155 is a new 8-methoxyquinolonecarboxylic acid with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. It inhibited more than 90% of clinical isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Peptostreptococcus magnus, Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella bivia at the concentration of 3.13 mg/l. The antibacterial ac...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000007120
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malignant tumors are known to exhibit high rates of glycolytic activity leading to high production of lactic acid. Hence, neoplastic cells have elevated activity of enzymes responsible for glycolysis. Echitamine chloride, an indole alkaloid extracted from the bark of Alstonia scholaris, has been reported to have a hig...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000007115
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enterococcus faecalis plays an important role as a pathogen in polymicrobial infections. We evaluated the efficacy of cefozopran (CZOP) using polymicrobial pyometra rats. Rats were infected with a mixed intrauterine inoculation of E. faecalis plus either Bacteroides fragilis or Prevotella bivia (minimal inhibitory con...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000007100
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activities of amphotericin B, miconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole against Trichosporon beigelii were assessed in a mouse model of disseminated infection. Cyclophosphamide plus prednisolone-immunosuppressed ICR mice, intravenously challenged with a lethal inoculum of (6 x 10(6) CFU/ mouse), were assigned to r...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000007091
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In children undergoing anticancer chemotherapy, a granulocytopenic febrile episode is a life-threatening condition. Prompt initiation of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics is essential to limit morbidity and mortality. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of combination antibiotics consisting of a third generation cep...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239590
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro antimicrobial activities of AM-1155, a new fluoroquinolone, tosufloxacin and fleroxacin were tested against 55 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae using the agar dilution method. In our previous study, all the strains had been examined for mutations in the region corresponding to the quinolone-resi...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239573
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rational choice of an antimicrobial agent must take into account not only the activity against the specific pathogen but also any possible negative or positive effects on the host defense system. Rokitamycin (RKM) is an orally active 16-membered-ring macrolide; there are no reports of specific investigations of thes...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239560
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postantibiotic effects were induced in three Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains after short-term treatment (30 min) with amikacin at suprainhibitory concentrations in the range of 0.6-1.2 h (2 x MIC) and of 3.0-4.4 h (4 x MIC). Significant suppression of P. aeruginosa elastase activity was found after treatment with amika...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239545
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aminoglycoside antibiotics are polycationic at physiological pH and hence do not enter most cells. Indeed, when intact mast cells were incubated with gentamicin or tobramycin, extremely low concentrations of the two drugs could be measured. In contrast, when a controlled, specific degranulation of mast cells was i...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239533
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the efficacy of S-1 as a new oral antitumor agent in ovarian cancer-bearing nude rats. This drug consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, and oxonic acid in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1.S-1 was given alone or in combination with cisplatin. When administered alone at a daily dose of 20 mg/ kg, S-1 ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239479
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro activity of cefetamet against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens strains expressing an SHV-5-type beta-lactamase was evaluated. Most of the examined strains were susceptible to the antibiotic. Cefetamet was found to be considerably more active than ceftazidime and aztreonam. I...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239462
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ninety-three representative, recent clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were examined for susceptibility to 9 antimicrobial drugs utilizing Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) enriched with sheep blood and a hypercapnic atmosphere of incubation. One isolate was resistant to penicillin G (minimum inhibitory concentrati...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239450
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum (beta 1-->3)-D-glucan was elevated in 34 of 126 patients (27%) with hematologic malignancy who were clinically suspected of having a deep-seated mycosis. Although 11 patients (8.8%) were thought to have fungemia, fungi were isolated from blood culture in only 4. These results suggest that measurement of serum be...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239445
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::137 patients with febrile neutropenia after cytotoxic therapy not responding to ceftazidime plus or ceftriaxone plus netilmicin in received additionally to the previous combination either vancomycin alone or combined with another anti-gram-negative compound: imipenem in those treated prophylactically with ofloxacin an...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239434
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single oral dose of an antimicrobial agent is as effective as a conventional 3-day course for the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. A case history of a young woman with recurrent cystitis is presented to demonstrate this approach to the management of a common clinical problem. The place of a...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239487
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred symptomatic women with clinical bacterial vaginosis (BV) were enrolled in this study. The bacteriological epidemiology of BV and efficacy of oral or vaginal administration of antimicrobial agents for treatment of BV were investigated. The epidemiology of BV was investigated before antimicrobial therapy. Fi...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239425
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro activity of fleroxacin was determined by broth microdilution against 2,079 recent bacterial isolates and compared to the activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and, as appropriate,...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1159/000239386
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple hyperthermia was found to exert an additive antitumor effect when combined with the in vivo production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT). TNF-alpha was produced in EAT-bearing mice by priming the animals with zymosan and subsequently challenging with lipopo...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239370
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among third-generation cephalosporins, cefodizime (CFDZ) has shown to modulate many functions of the host defense system against infections. The aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro CFDZ-dependent modulation of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-8 release from lipopolysac...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239358
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding of five structurally diverse beta-lactam antibiotics to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of two clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin G was compared with that of a susceptible strain. A common feature of the PBP patterns of the resistant strains was the absence of PBP 1a d...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239338
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygen radical generation by blood cells before and after chemotherapy was investigated in 16 elderly (72.8 +/- 1.0 years) and 14 adult (45.0 +/- 2.4 years) patients with lung cancer, using a lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence method. The oxygen radical generation by 100 microliters of blood before chemotherapy in ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239348
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the sub-MIC of antibiotics on the surface hydrophobicity and charge of Staphylococcus aureus were examined by the contact angle method and by microscopic electrophoresis, and the production of oxygen-derived radicals by mouse peritoneal macrophages was measured by a luminol-chemiluminescence assay. The ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239327
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the 5-year period 1989-1993, the incidence of Candida krusei, and other non-albicans Candida spp., was analyzed in a 60-bed cancer department. The frequency of C. krusei, before fluconazole was introduced into therapeutic protocols in 1990, was 16.5%, and after introduction of fluconazole into prophylaxis in ac...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239322
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frustration and disappointment in managing advanced cancers of the nose and paranasal sinuses are well known. We report a case of a successful treatment of such a tumour in a 37-year-old soldier, using a combination of therapy including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Each mode of treatment is discussed. ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239218
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The post-antibiotic effects (PAEs) of a new cephalosporin, cefdinir, were determined against a range of organisms using a viable counting technique. Cefdinir exerted considerable PAEs against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, but no overall post-antibiotic inhibition of growth was detected against Esch...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239198
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial agents may interact with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and directly modify the leukocyte functions, or bacteria can be modified by the antimicrobial agents causing them to be treated differently by phagocytic cells. Brief exposure of bacteria to high levels of antimicrobials can affect their interaction w...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239179
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antimicrobial susceptibility and in vitro growth curve of 4 nonencapsulated and 4 encapsulated isolates of Bacteroides fragilis were determined for clindamycin. The MIC of the nonencapsulated isolates was 1-2 dilutions less (0.062-0.25 microgram/ml) than the MIC for their encapsulated counterparts (0.25-0.5 microg...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239164
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is evidence that a variety of anticancer drugs exert their cytotoxic activity by a free-radical-mediated mechanism. These drugs include anthracyclines such as adriamycin, daunorubicin, 4-epi-adriblastin as well as bleomycin, procarbazine, vincristin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and mitomycin C. The aim of this s...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239163
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malignant external otitis is a serious infection most frequently caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Because of its antipseudomonal activity and good tissue penetration, ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic which should, in theory, be effective in the treatment of this type of infection. Publications on the use of ciprofloxac...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000239315
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several agar media (Mueller-Hinton agar, MHA; diagnostic sensitivity test agar, DSTA; Schaedler agar, SchA; Todd-Hewitt agar with added yeast extract, THYA; Wilkins-Chalgren agar, WCA) were compared using the Bauer-Kirby agar disk diffusion test against six nonfastidious quality control strains: Staphylococcus aureus ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239296
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro infection model was created using a suspension of macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and human serum to which pathogen and antibiotic were added. Separate intracellular and extracellular antibiotic concentrations and activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Legionella pn...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238987
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentrations of clarithromycin after a single oral dose of 500 mg were determined in serum and saliva of ten healthy adult volunteers. After 2 h, the levels were 4.04 +/- 1.14 (SD) mg/l in serum and 2.72 +/- 0.87 mg/l in saliva. After 7 h these values were 1.98 +/- 0.65 and 1.21 +/- 0.34 mg/l, respectively, and ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239139
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00