abstract：:Genetic causes are thought to underlie about half of infertility cases, but understanding the genetic bases has been a major challenge. Modern genomics tools allow more sophisticated exploration of genetic causes of infertility through population, family-based, and individual studies. Nevertheless, potential therapies...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Ding X,Schimenti JC

更新日期：2021-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficacy of drugs administered by traditional routes is limited by numerous biological barriers that preclude reaching the intended site of action. Further, full body systemic exposure leads to dose-limiting, off-target side effects. Topical formulations may provide more efficacious drug and nucleic acid delivery ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Zierden HC,Josyula A,Shapiro RL,Hsueh HT,Hanes J,Ensign LM

更新日期：2021-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Human skin responds to numerous neurohormones, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters that reach it via the vasculature or skin nerves, and/or are generated intracutaneously, thus acting in a para- and autocrine manner. This review focuses on how neurohormones impact on human skin physiology and pathology. We highlight ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Ramot Y,Böhm M,Paus R

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Children suffering from infectious diseases, both bacterial and viral, are often treated with empirical antibiotics. Keeping in mind both the menace of microorganisms and antibiotic toxicity, it is imperative to develop point-of-care testing (POCT) to discriminate bacterial from viral infections, and to define indicat...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Tsao YT,Tsai YH,Liao WT,Shen CJ,Shen CF,Cheng CM

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiovascular diseases predominantly result from atherosclerosis, a natural biological phenomenon reflecting food intake and energy production in humans. Lipolysis of plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an essential element of energy production that delivers free fatty acids t...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Kontush A

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wound repair is a highly regulated process that requires the interaction of various cell types. It has been shown that cancers use the mechanisms of wound healing to promote their own growth. Therefore, it is of importance to identify common regulators of wound repair and tumor formation and to unravel their functions...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Cangkrama M,Wietecha M,Werner S

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Keratinocytes and skin immune cells are actively metabolizing nutrients present in their microenvironment. This is particularly important in common chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and expansion of inflammatory cells, thus ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Cibrian D,de la Fuente H,Sánchez-Madrid F

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endocannabinoid signaling system (ECSS) is altered by exposure to stress and mediates and modulates the effects of stress on the brain. Considerable preclinical data support critical roles for the endocannabinoids and their target, the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, in the adaptation of the brain to repeated stress exp...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： deRoon-Cassini TA,Stollenwerk TM,Beatka M,Hillard CJ

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What biological factors account for resilience to pain or to behavioral stress? Here, we discuss examples of cellular and molecular mechanisms within disparate parts of the nervous system as contributors to such resilience. In some especially well-studied humans, it is possible to identify particular neuronal cell typ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Nestler EJ,Waxman SG

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a meticulous study, Humbert, Durr, and colleagues showed evidence for aberrant neurodevelopment in both Huntington's disease (HD) and mouse models of HD. We consider the implications of prenatal pathological changes for the onset and progression of HD and their relatedness to current therapeutic plans. ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Pfister EL,Aronin N

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding and utilization of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has jump-started over the past two decades. Recent technological advancements in sequencing and metabolomics have allowed for better characterization of our intestinal microbial counterparts, triggering a surge of excitement in the fields of m...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Frisbee AL,Petri WA Jr

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the discovery that IgE antibodies mediate allergy, decades of research have unraveled complex mechanisms associated with conventional immunotherapy and the vital protagonists that shape 'immune tolerance' to allergens. Debate exists on what should constitute the dominant effector mechanism in driving rational dr...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Bachmann MF,Mohsen MO,Kramer MF,Heath MD

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, or CRISPR, has been widely accepted as a versatile genome editing tool with significant potential for medical application. Reliable allele specificity is one of the most critical elements for successful application of this technology to develop high-precision ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Lee SH,Park YH,Jin YB,Kim SU,Hur JK

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci that are associated with complex traits and diseases, but index variants are often not causal and reside in non-coding regions of the genome. To gain a better understanding of the relevant biological mechanisms, intermediate traits such as gene expressi...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Neumeyer S,Hemani G,Zeggini E

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While preclinical studies have reported improvement of behavioral deficits in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS), translation to human clinical trials to improve cognition in individuals with DS has had a poor success record. Timing of the intervention, choice of animal models, strategy for drug selection, a...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Lee SE,Duran-Martinez M,Khantsis S,Bianchi DW,Guedj F

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Imported across the plasma membrane by SLC1A5, glutamine has emerged as a metabolic fuel that is catabolized by mitochondrial glutaminase to support tumor growth. The missing link between cytoplasmic and mitochondrial glutamine metabolism is now provided by Yoo et al., identifying the mitochondrial glutamine importer ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Stine ZE,Dang CV

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In STEM, and particularly in science, many early career researchers find themselves isolated and lacking guidance. There is an enormous need to connect early career scientists with experienced professionals outside their immediate work environment. A new initiative aims to create a supportive community to foster commu...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Tomasello DL

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer immunotherapy but their success is wholly dependent on amplifying an existing immune response directed against the tumour. A recent study by Tsuchiya et al. suggests how the properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may be exploited for the targ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Fairchild PJ,Davies TJ

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a recent paper by Dvela-Levitt et al., chemical screening using an immunofluorescent assay identified a compound that caused removal of a dominant-inherited misfolded secretory protein, mucin1-frameshifted, from an intracellular location in immortalized renal epithelial cells of a patient affected with progressive ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Thomas G,Horwich A

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex differences have been clinically documented in numerous neurodegenerative diseases and yet the reasons for these differences are not well understood. Recent studies have found that microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, are a key cell type involved in neurodegenerative diseases. This cel...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Kodama L,Gan L

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When diabetes is diagnosed, the majority of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells are already dysfunctional or destroyed. This β cell dysfunction/destruction usually takes place over many years, making timely detection and clinical intervention difficult. For this reason, there is immense interest in developing tools t...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Kang NY,Soetedjo AAP,Amirruddin NS,Chang YT,Eriksson O,Teo AKK

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alterations in circulating lipids and ectopic lipid deposition impact on the risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes fatty acids (FAs) from triglyceride (TAG)-rich lipoproteins including very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and chylomicrons, and regulates their di...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Aryal B,Price NL,Suarez Y,Fernández-Hernando C

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In acute organ failure, rapid compensation of function loss assures survival. Dedifferentiation and/or proliferation of surviving parenchymal cells could imply a transient (and potentially fatal) impairment of residual functional performance. However, evolution has selected two flexible life-saving mechanisms acting s...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Lazzeri E,Angelotti ML,Conte C,Anders HJ,Romagnani P

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetically engineered mouse models have revolutionized the study of pancreatic cancer, but have several technical and practical limitations. A new adeno-associated virus (AAV)-driven somatic genome-editing model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reported by Ideno et al. (Lab. Invest. published online February 6, 20...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Curiel-GarcÍa A,Olive KP

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent whole exome sequencing studies in humans have provided novel insight into the importance of the ephrinB2-EphB4-RASA1 signaling axis in cerebrovascular development, corroborating and extending previous work in model systems. Here, we aim to review the human cerebrovascular phenotypes associated with ephrinB2-Eph...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Zeng X,Hunt A,Jin SC,Duran D,Gaillard J,Kahle KT

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:BAX is a formidable BCL-2 family protein that executes cellular suicide in response to physiologic and pathologic stress. A new article in Nature Chemical Biology (Garner et al.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-018-0223-0) reports small molecules that inhibit the conformational activation of BAX, informing a pharmacologi...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Walensky LD

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After years of continuous exposure to HIV envelope antigens, a minority of HIV-infected individuals develop a cognate polyclonal humoral response comprising very potent and extremely cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies [broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs)]. Isolated bNAbs derived from memory B cell pools have b...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Dashti A,DeVico AL,Lewis GK,Sajadi MM

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of biomedical and biological research relies on a few molecular biology techniques. Here we show that eight key molecular biology techniques would not exist without basic biological research. We also find that the scientific reward system does not sufficiently value basic biological research into molecula...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Ronai I,Griffiths PE

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). They have important physiological functions in maintaining tissue homeostasis but also contribute to CNS pathology. Microglia respond to changes in the microenvironment, and the resulting reactive phenotype can be very diverse, with both neuro...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Voet S,Prinz M,van Loo G

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Senescent cells drive ageing and the associated loss in health and lifespan. Whether this is mediated by systemic signalling remained unclear. Recently, Xu et al. [1] (Nat. Med. 2018;24:1246-1256) answered this question by injecting senescent cells into young mice and observing a long-lasting increase in frailty and m...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Lehmann J,Baar MP,de Keizer PLJ

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although significant progress has been made in understanding autoimmunity, no immunotherapy to effectively halt immune-mediated destruction of β cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is currently available. For successful immunotherapy it will be necessary to identify novel drug targets as well as robust immunologic biomarke...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Orabona C,Mondanelli G,Puccetti P,Grohmann U

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients who survive a stroke have an increased risk for recurrent vascular events. The mechanisms underlying the events are barely understood. A recent study suggests that stroke-enhanced atherosclerosis is induced through brain-released alarmins, which lead to systemic vascular inflammation and plaque formation. Int...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Rust R,Hofer AS,Schwab ME

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful molecular targeting of nanoparticle drug carriers can enhance therapeutic specificity and reduce systemic toxicity. Typically, ligands specific for cognate receptors expressed on the intended target cell type are conjugated to the nanoparticle surface. This approach, often called active targeting, seems to ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Tietjen GT,Bracaglia LG,Saltzman WM,Pober JS

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A key site of translation control is the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), which reduces the rate of GDP to GTP exchange by eIF2B, leading to altered translation. The extent of eIF2α phosphorylation within neurons can alter synaptic plasticity. Phosphorylation of eIF2α is trig...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Moon SL,Sonenberg N,Parker R

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial immune disease exhibiting diverse clinical responses to specific therapeutic agents. Such heterogeneity reflects variable activation of signaling pathways. Consequently, RA physiopathology has been linked to many immune cells and factors, with controversial observations fo...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Nehmar R,Mariotte A,de Cauwer A,Sibilia J,Bahram S,Georgel P

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical medicine of the future is poised to use an individual's genomic data to predict disease risk and guide clinical care. The treatment of cigarette smoking and tobacco use disorder represents a prime area for genomics implementation. The genes CHRNA5 and CYP2A6 are strong genomic contributors that alter the risk...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Bierut LJ,Tyndale RF

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory signaling underlies many diseases, from arthritis to cancer. Our understanding of inflammation has thus far been limited to the world of proteins, because we are only just beginning to understand the role that noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) might play. It is now clear that ncRNA do not constitute transcriptional ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Chew CL,Conos SA,Unal B,Tergaonkar V

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent study introduced the existence of an 'immune clock' in pregnancy; during the course of gestation, peripheral blood cells from pregnant women were analyzed by mass cytometry using a single-cell signaling-based elastic net algorithm. The insights will undoubtedly promote the testing of such a clock - possibly i...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Diemert A,Arck PC

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that not only regulate gene expression within cells, but might also constitute promising extracellular biomarkers for a variety of pathologies, including the progressive muscle-wasting disorder Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). A set of muscle-enriched miRNAs, the myomiRs (miR-1, miR-...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Coenen-Stass AML,Wood MJA,Roberts TC

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prior to zygotic genome activation, early mammalian development relies on maternal-effect genes to orchestrate the oocyte-to-embryo transition. Recently, a subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) was identified to be essential for mouse preimplantation development. The SCMC integrates multiple proteins encoded by maternal...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Lu X,Gao Z,Qin D,Li L

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00