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心理学,临床
abstract::HEPN (Higher Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Nucleotide-binding) RNases are an emerging class of functionally diverse RNA processing and degradation enzymes. Members are defined by a small α-helical bundle encompassing a short consensus RNase motif. HEPN dimerization is a universal requirement for RNase activation as the c...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10409238.2020.1856769
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribonucleotides are the most abundant non-canonical nucleotides in the genome. Their vast presence and influence over genome biology is becoming increasingly appreciated. Here we review the recent progress made in understanding their genomic presence, incorporation characteristics and usefulness as biomarkers for poly...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10409238.2020.1869175
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA damaging agents have been a cornerstone of cancer therapy for nearly a century. The discovery of many of these chemicals, particularly the alkylating agents, are deeply entwined with the development of poisonous materials originally intended for use in warfare. Over the last decades, their anti-proliferative effec...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10409238.2020.1869173
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::Every type of nucleic acid in cells may undergo some kind of post-replicative or post-transcriptional chemical modification. Recent evidence has highlighted their importance in biology and their chemical complexity. In the following pages, we will describe new discoveries of modifications, with a focus on tRNA and mRN...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10409238.2020.1818685
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is an immunoglobulin-like receptor present on cell surface. RAGE binds to an array of structurally diverse ligands, acts as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and is expressed on cells of different origin performing different functions. RAGE ligation leads to the i...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10409238.2020.1819194
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cilia and flagella serve as cellular antennae and propellers in various eukaryotic cells, and contain specific receptors and ion channels as well as components of axonemal microtubules and molecular motors to achieve their sensory and motile functions. Not only the bidirectional trafficking of specific proteins within...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2020.1768206
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribonucleases (RNases) are mediators in most reactions of RNA metabolism. In recent years, there has been a surge of new information about RNases and the roles they play in cell physiology. In this review, a detailed description of bacterial RNases is presented, focusing primarily on those from Escherichia coli and Ba...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2019.1651816
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rab GTPases are becoming increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, although their role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been somewhat overlooked. However, dysfunction of intracellular transport is gaining increasing attention as a pathogenic mechanism in ALS. Many previous studies have focused ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2018.1553926
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::S-Acylation (commonly referred to as S-palmitoylation) is a post-translational modification consisting in the covalent attachment of an acyl chain to a cysteine residue of the target protein. The lability of the resulting thioester bond gives S-acylation an essential characteristic: its reversibility. S-acylation dyna...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2018.1488804
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mevalonate-isoprenoid-cholesterol biosynthesis pathway plays a key role in human health and disease. The importance of this pathway is underscored by the discovery that two major isoprenoids, farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, are required to modify an array of proteins through a process known as protein p...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2018.1458070
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper and timely regulation of cellular processes is fundamental to the overall health and viability of organisms across all kingdoms of life. Thus, organisms have evolved multiple highly dynamic and complex biochemical signaling cascades in order to adapt and survive diverse challenges. One such method of conferring...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2017.1394265
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a ubiquitous zinc peptidase of the inverzincin family, which has been initially discovered as the enzyme responsible for insulin catabolism; therefore, its involvement in the onset of diabetes has been largely investigated. However, further studies on IDE unraveled its ability to degr...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2017.1337707
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lytic transglycosylases (LTs) are bacterial enzymes that catalyze the non-hydrolytic cleavage of the peptidoglycan structures of the bacterial cell wall. They are not catalysts of glycan synthesis as might be surmised from their name. Notwithstanding the seemingly mundane reaction catalyzed by the LTs, their lytic...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2017.1337705
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transferrin is one of the sources of iron that is most readily available to colonizing and invading pathogens. In this review, we look at iron uptake by the bacterial transferrin receptor that is found in the families Neisseriaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Moraxellaceae. This bipartite receptor consists of the TonB-depend...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2017.1293606
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining the mechanisms of enzymatic regulation is central to the study of cellular metabolism. Regulation of enzyme activity via polymerization-mediated strategies has been shown to be widespread, and plays a vital role in mediating cellular homeostasis. In this review, we begin with an overview of the filamentati...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2016.1172555
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibronectin is a large vertebrate glycoprotein that is found in soluble and insoluble forms and involved in diverse processes. Protomeric fibronectin is a dimer of subunits, each of which comprises 29-31 modules - 12 type I, two type II and 15-17 type III. Plasma fibronectin is secreted by hepatocytes and circulates i...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2016.1184224
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::As we learn more about the biology of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a wide range of molecules that can activate this fascinating family of pattern recognition receptors emerges. In addition to conserved pathogenic components, endogenous danger signals created upon tissue damage are also sensed by TLRs. Detection of ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2015.1033511
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Torsin ATPases (Torsins) belong to the widespread AAA+ (ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities) family of ATPases, which share structural similarity but have diverse cellular functions. Torsins are outliers in this family because they lack many characteristics of typical AAA+ proteins, and they are t...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2015.1091804
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plasma coagulation system in mammalian blood consists of a cascade of enzyme activation events in which serine proteases activate the proteins (proenzymes and procofactors) in the next step of the cascade via limited proteolysis. The ultimate outcome is the polymerization of fibrin and the activation of platelets,...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2015.1050550
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unfolded protein response (UPR) is induced when the quality control machinery of the cell is overloaded with unfolded proteins or when one of the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is perturbed. Here, I describe UPR in yeast and mammals, and compare it to what we know about pathogenic fungi and the parasi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2015.1042541
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA double-strand breaks are highly toxic DNA lesions that cause genomic instability, if not efficiently repaired. RecQ helicases are a family of highly conserved proteins that maintain genomic stability through their important roles in several DNA repair pathways, including DNA double-strand break repair. Double-stra...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2014.942450
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a regulatory post-translational modification of intracellular proteins. The dynamic and inducible cycling of the modification is governed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) in response to UDP-GlcNAc levels in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Due t...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2014.884535
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the fundamental regulatory roles that tyrosine phosphatases play within cells has advanced significantly in the last two decades. Out-dated ideas that tyrosine phosphatases acts solely as the "off" switch counterbalancing the action of tyrosine kinases has proved to be flawed. PTP1B is the most ch...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2013.819830
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryogenesis, the origin of the eukaryotic cell, represents one of the fundamental evolutionary transitions in the history of life on earth. This event, which is estimated to have occurred over one billion years ago, remains rather poorly understood. While some well-validated examples of fossil microbial eukaryotes ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2013.821444
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid advances in redox systems biology are creating new opportunities to understand complexities of human disease and contributions of environmental exposures. New understanding of thiol-disulfide systems have occurred during the past decade as a consequence of the discoveries that thiol and disulfide systems are mai...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2013.764840
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reorganization of metabolic pathways in cancer facilitates the flux of carbon and reducing equivalents into anabolic pathways at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation. This provides rapidly dividing cells with the necessary precursors for membrane, protein and nucleic acid synthesis. A fundamental metabolic per...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2012.735643
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this review is to provide an analysis of the latest developments on the functions of the carbon catabolite-repression 4-Not (Ccr4-Not) complex in regulating eukaryotic gene expression. Ccr4-Not is a nine-subunit protein complex that is conserved in sequence and function throughout the eukaryotic kingdom...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2012.667214
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aptamers are single-stranded structured oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) that can bind to a wide range of targets ("apatopes") with high affinity and specificity. These nucleic acid ligands, generated from pools of random-sequence by an in vitro selection process referred to as systematic evolution of ligands by exponent...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2011.614592
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telomere DNA-binding proteins protect the ends of chromosomes in eukaryotes. A subset of these proteins are constructed with one or more OB folds and bind with G+T-rich single-stranded DNA found at the extreme termini. The resulting DNA-OB protein complex interacts with other telomere components to coordinate critical...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2011.609295
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genome maintenance activities including DNA repair, cell division cycle control, and checkpoint signaling pathways preserve genome integrity and prevent disease. Defects in these pathways cause birth defects, neurodegeneration, premature aging, and cancer. Recent technical advances in functional genomic approaches suc...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2011.588938
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotonin receptors are the product of 15 distinct genes, 14 of which are G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are expressed in a wide range of cell types, including distinct neuronal populations, and promote diverse functional responses in multiple organ systems. These receptors are important for mediating th...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2010.516741
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maintenance of genomic stability relies on the coordinated action of a number of cellular processes, including activation of the DNA-damage checkpoint, DNA replication, DNA repair, and telomere homeostasis. Many proteins involved in these cellular processes use different types of functional modules to regulate and...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2010.488216
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::All living organisms depend on dynamic mechanisms that repeatedly reassess the status of amassed energy, in order to adapt energy supply to demand. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alphabetagamma heterotrimer has emerged as an important integrator of signals managing energy balance. Control of AMPK activity inv...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2010.488215
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spontaneous and unregulated polymerization of actin filaments is inhibited in cells by actin monomer-binding proteins such as profilin and Tbeta4. Eukaryotic cells and certain pathogens use filament nucleators to stabilize actin polymerization nuclei, whose formation is rate-limiting. Known filament nucleators inc...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409230903277340
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eukaryotic MCM2-7 complex is recruited onto origins of replication during the G1 phase of the cell cycle and acts as the main helicase at the replication fork during the S phase. Over the last few years a number of structural reports on MCM proteins using both electron microscopy and protein crystallography have b...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409230903186012
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Translational control mechanisms are, besides transcriptional control and mRNA stability, the most determining for final protein levels. A large number of accessory factors that assist the ribosome during initiation, elongation, and termination of translation are required for protein synthesis. Cap-dependent translati...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409230902882090
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of eukaryotic gene expression is far more complex than one might have imagined 30 years ago. However, progress towards understanding gene regulatory mechanisms has been rapid and comprehensive, which has made the integration of detailed observations into broadly connected concepts a challenge. This review a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409230902858785
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery that SRA RNA can function as a nuclear receptor (NR) coactivator resulted in a fundamental change in the perception of how NRs and their coregulators may regulate hormone signaling pathways. The subsequent identification of molecules capable of binding SRA, including SHARP, p68, and more recently SLIRP, ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409230802661719
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the experimental platforms to study programs increasing genetic diversity in cells under stressful or nondividing conditions is adaptive mutagenesis, also called stationary phase mutagenesis or stress-induced mutagenesis. In some model systems, there is evidence that mutagenesis occurs in genes that are activel...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409230701597717
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptive mutation is a generic term for processes that allow individual cells of nonproliferating cell populations to acquire advantageous mutations and thereby to overcome the strong selective pressure of proliferation-limiting environmental conditions. Prerequisites for an occurrence of adaptive mutation are that th...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409230701507773
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00