Abstract:
:Telomere DNA-binding proteins protect the ends of chromosomes in eukaryotes. A subset of these proteins are constructed with one or more OB folds and bind with G+T-rich single-stranded DNA found at the extreme termini. The resulting DNA-OB protein complex interacts with other telomere components to coordinate critical telomere functions of DNA protection and DNA synthesis. While the first crystal and NMR structures readily explained protection of telomere ends, the picture of how single-stranded DNA becomes available to serve as primer and template for synthesis of new telomere DNA is only recently coming into focus. New structures of telomere OB fold proteins alongside insights from genetic and biochemical experiments have made significant contributions towards understanding how protein-binding OB proteins collaborate with DNA-binding OB proteins to recruit telomerase and DNA polymerase for telomere homeostasis. This review surveys telomere OB protein structures alongside highly comparable structures derived from replication protein A (RPA) components, with the goal of providing a molecular context for understanding telomere OB protein evolution and mechanism of action in protection and synthesis of telomere DNA.
journal_name
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Bioljournal_title
Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biologyauthors
Horvath MPdoi
10.3109/10409238.2011.609295subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-01 00:00:00pages
409-35issue
5eissn
1040-9238issn
1549-7798journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Eukaryogenesis, the origin of the eukaryotic cell, represents one of the fundamental evolutionary transitions in the history of life on earth. This event, which is estimated to have occurred over one billion years ago, remains rather poorly understood. While some well-validated examples of fossil microbial eukaryotes ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2013.821444
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a regulatory post-translational modification of intracellular proteins. The dynamic and inducible cycling of the modification is governed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) in response to UDP-GlcNAc levels in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Due t...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2014.884535
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the experimental platforms to study programs increasing genetic diversity in cells under stressful or nondividing conditions is adaptive mutagenesis, also called stationary phase mutagenesis or stress-induced mutagenesis. In some model systems, there is evidence that mutagenesis occurs in genes that are activel...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409230701597717
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::HEPN (Higher Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Nucleotide-binding) RNases are an emerging class of functionally diverse RNA processing and degradation enzymes. Members are defined by a small α-helical bundle encompassing a short consensus RNase motif. HEPN dimerization is a universal requirement for RNase activation as the c...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10409238.2020.1856769
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA double-strand breaks are highly toxic DNA lesions that cause genomic instability, if not efficiently repaired. RecQ helicases are a family of highly conserved proteins that maintain genomic stability through their important roles in several DNA repair pathways, including DNA double-strand break repair. Double-stra...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2014.942450
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::For more than a century amyloid was considered to be an interesting, unique, but inconsequential pathologic entity that rarely caused significant clinical problems. We now recognize that amyloid is not one entity. In vivo it is a uniform organization of a disease, or process, specific protein co-deposited with a set o...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409239709082674
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cilia and flagella serve as cellular antennae and propellers in various eukaryotic cells, and contain specific receptors and ion channels as well as components of axonemal microtubules and molecular motors to achieve their sensory and motile functions. Not only the bidirectional trafficking of specific proteins within...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2020.1768206
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribonucleases (RNases) are mediators in most reactions of RNA metabolism. In recent years, there has been a surge of new information about RNases and the roles they play in cell physiology. In this review, a detailed description of bacterial RNases is presented, focusing primarily on those from Escherichia coli and Ba...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2019.1651816
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clathrin constitutes the coat of vesicles involved in three receptor-mediated intracellular transport pathways; the export of aggregated material from the trans-Golgi network for regulated secretion, the transfer of lysosomal hydrolases from the trans-Golgi network to lysosomes and receptor-mediated endocytosis at the...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409239309078441
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA damaging agents have been a cornerstone of cancer therapy for nearly a century. The discovery of many of these chemicals, particularly the alkylating agents, are deeply entwined with the development of poisonous materials originally intended for use in warfare. Over the last decades, their anti-proliferative effec...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10409238.2020.1869173
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery that SRA RNA can function as a nuclear receptor (NR) coactivator resulted in a fundamental change in the perception of how NRs and their coregulators may regulate hormone signaling pathways. The subsequent identification of molecules capable of binding SRA, including SHARP, p68, and more recently SLIRP, ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409230802661719
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plasma coagulation system in mammalian blood consists of a cascade of enzyme activation events in which serine proteases activate the proteins (proenzymes and procofactors) in the next step of the cascade via limited proteolysis. The ultimate outcome is the polymerization of fibrin and the activation of platelets,...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2015.1050550
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rab GTPases are becoming increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, although their role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been somewhat overlooked. However, dysfunction of intracellular transport is gaining increasing attention as a pathogenic mechanism in ALS. Many previous studies have focused ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2018.1553926
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maintenance of genomic stability relies on the coordinated action of a number of cellular processes, including activation of the DNA-damage checkpoint, DNA replication, DNA repair, and telomere homeostasis. Many proteins involved in these cellular processes use different types of functional modules to regulate and...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2010.488216
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper and timely regulation of cellular processes is fundamental to the overall health and viability of organisms across all kingdoms of life. Thus, organisms have evolved multiple highly dynamic and complex biochemical signaling cascades in order to adapt and survive diverse challenges. One such method of conferring...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2017.1394265
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small regulatory RNAs can modify the activity of proteins and the stability and translation of mRNAs. They have now been found in a wide range of organisms, and can play previously unsuspected critical regulatory roles. The bacterial small RNAs include two major classes. The largest family(with at least 20 members in ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409230590918702
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low-copy nuclear genes in plants are a rich source of phylogenetic information. They hold a great potential to improve the robustness of phylogenetic reconstruction at all taxonomic levels, especially where universal markers such as cpDNA and nrDNA are unable to generate strong phylogenetic hypotheses. Low-copy nuclea...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409230290771474
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 1 protein phosphatases (PP-1) comprise a group of widely distributed enzymes that specifically dephosphorylate serine and threonine residues of certain phosphoproteins. They all contain an isoform of the same catalytic subunit, which has an extremely conserved primary structure. One of the properties of PP-1 that...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409239209082564
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibronectin is a large vertebrate glycoprotein that is found in soluble and insoluble forms and involved in diverse processes. Protomeric fibronectin is a dimer of subunits, each of which comprises 29-31 modules - 12 type I, two type II and 15-17 type III. Plasma fibronectin is secreted by hepatocytes and circulates i...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2016.1184224
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Every type of nucleic acid in cells may undergo some kind of post-replicative or post-transcriptional chemical modification. Recent evidence has highlighted their importance in biology and their chemical complexity. In the following pages, we will describe new discoveries of modifications, with a focus on tRNA and mRN...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10409238.2020.1818685
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major intrinsic protein (MIP) of the bovine lens fiber cell membrane was the first member of the MIP family of proteins to be sequenced and characterized. It is probably a homotetramer with transmembrane channel activity that plays a role in lens biogenesis or maintenance. The polypeptide chain of each subunit may...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409239309086796
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::S-Acylation (commonly referred to as S-palmitoylation) is a post-translational modification consisting in the covalent attachment of an acyl chain to a cysteine residue of the target protein. The lability of the resulting thioester bond gives S-acylation an essential characteristic: its reversibility. S-acylation dyna...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2018.1488804
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of cell growth leads to the multiple phosphorylation of 40S ribosomal protein S6. The kinase responsible for controling this event is termed p70s6k/p85s6k. Both isoforms of the kinase are derived from a common gene activated by a complex set of phosphorylation events; each resides in a unique cellular compa...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409239409083485
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transferrin is one of the sources of iron that is most readily available to colonizing and invading pathogens. In this review, we look at iron uptake by the bacterial transferrin receptor that is found in the families Neisseriaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Moraxellaceae. This bipartite receptor consists of the TonB-depend...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2017.1293606
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAcChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel found in the postsynaptic membranes of electric organs, at the neuromuscular junction, and at nicotinic cholinergic synapses of the mammalian central and peripheral nervous system. The nAcChR from Torpedo electric organ and mammalian muscle is...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238909082553
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spontaneous and unregulated polymerization of actin filaments is inhibited in cells by actin monomer-binding proteins such as profilin and Tbeta4. Eukaryotic cells and certain pathogens use filament nucleators to stabilize actin polymerization nuclei, whose formation is rate-limiting. Known filament nucleators inc...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409230903277340
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play an intricate role in the extracellular matrix (ECM), not only as soluble components and polyelectrolytes, but also by specific interactions with growth factors and other transient components of the ECM. Modifications of GAG chains, such as isomerization, sulfation, and acetylation, gener...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409239509083490
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mevalonate-isoprenoid-cholesterol biosynthesis pathway plays a key role in human health and disease. The importance of this pathway is underscored by the discovery that two major isoprenoids, farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, are required to modify an array of proteins through a process known as protein p...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10409238.2018.1458070
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::As we learn more about the biology of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a wide range of molecules that can activate this fascinating family of pattern recognition receptors emerges. In addition to conserved pathogenic components, endogenous danger signals created upon tissue damage are also sensed by TLRs. Detection of ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409238.2015.1033511
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A protein is usually classified into one of the following five structural classes: alpha, beta, alpha + beta, alpha/beta, and zeta (irregular). The structural class of a protein is correlated with its amino acid composition. However, given the amino acid composition of a protein, how may one predict its structural cla...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10409239509083488
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00