解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Annexin II (AX II) is a member of the family of calcium-dependent actin- and phospholipid-binding proteins implicated in numerous intracellular functions such as signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and mRNA transport, as well as in the regulation of membrane/cytoskeleton contacts and extracellular functions. AX...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20529
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurosteroids, such as progesterone, influence central nervous system development and function by regulating a broad spectrum of physiological processes. Here, we investigated membrane-initiated actions of progesterone in the retina and identified the membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 1 (PGRMC1). We ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20523
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schwann cells (SCs) and olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) have shown promise for spinal cord injury repair. We sought their in vivo identification following transplantation into the contused adult rat spinal cord at 1 week post-injury by: (i) DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) with a Y-chromosome specific probe to identif...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20490
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglial cells are the resident macrophages that are involved in brain injuries and infections. Recent studies using transcranial two-photon microscopy have shown that ATP and P2Y receptors mediated rapid chemotactic responses of miroglia to local injury. However, the molecular mechanism for microglial chemotaxis to...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20500
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between radial glia and neurons migrating tangentially from the ganglionic eminence (GE) has been suggested but not firmly established. To study this relationship we used a ferret model of cortical dysplasia where radial glia are highly disorganized. To produce this, an antimitotic, methylazoxy methan...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20488
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the mature central nervous system (CNS) regulated secretion of ATP from astrocytes is thought to play a significant role in cell signaling. Whether such a mechanism is also operative in the developing nervous system and, if so, during which stage of development, has not been investigated. We have tackled this quest...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20494
更新日期:2007-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the principal component of the intermediary filaments in mature astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). The protein consists of three domains: the head, the coiled-coil, and the tail. Here, we describe the isolation of an evolutionary conserved novel GFAP isoform, GFAP...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20475
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitogenic growth factors play an important role in the initial stages of oligodendrocyte development, but their roles in the process of myelination itself remain less well defined. In order to study directly the effects of different growth factors on myelination, we used a purified in vitro co-culture system with dors...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20480
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of Rho-kinase (ROCK) with Y27632 stimulates sprouting by injured corticospinal tract and dorsal column tract axons, and accelerates functional recovery. However, regeneration of these axons across the glial scar was not observed. Here we examined the effects of Y27632 treatment on chondroitin sulfate proteo...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20466
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial cell-mediated potassium and glutamate homeostases play important roles in the regulation of neuronal excitability. Diminished potassium and glutamate buffering capabilities of astrocytes result in hyperexcitability of neurons and abnormal synaptic transmission. The role of the different K+ channels in maintainin...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20455
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During action potential conduction, the axonal specializations at the node, together with the adjacent paranodal terminations of the myelin sheath, interact with glial processes that invest the nodal gap. The nature of the mutual signals between axons and myelinating glia, however, are not well understood. Here we hav...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20448
更新日期:2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Simvastatin, a lipophilic statin that crosses the blood-brain barrier, is being evaluated as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) due to its anti-inflammatory properties. We assessed the effects of simvastatin on cultures of rat newborn and human fetal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and human adult...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20441
更新日期:2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the course of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, new cells go through a series of stages associated with proliferative activity. The most highly proliferative cell type is an intermediate precursor cell, called type-2 cell. We here report that on the level of type-2 cells a transition takes place between features asso...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20407
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transplantation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) results in efficient remyelination in animal models of demyelination. However, the experiments so far undertaken have not addressed the need for tissue-type matching to achieve graft-mediated remyelination. Examination of MHC expression (main determinant of all...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20425
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of evidence indicate that the elaborated calcium signals and the occurrence of calcium waves in astrocytes provide these cells with a specific form of excitability. The identification of the cellular and molecular steps involved in the triggering and transmission of Ca(2+) waves between astrocytes result...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.20374
更新日期:2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hormonal and locally produced steroids act in the nervous system as neuroendocrine regulators, as trophic factors and as neuromodulators and have a major impact on neural development and function. Glial cells play a prominent role in the local production of steroids and in the mediation of steroid effects on neurons a...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.20404
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes support neurons not only physically but also chemically by secreting neurotrophic factors and energy substrates. Moreover, astrocytes establish a glial network and communicate through gap junctions in the brain. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is one of major component proteins in astrocytic gap junctions. Heterozygote ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20399
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes can experience large intracellular Na+ changes following the activation of the Na+-coupled glutamate transport. The present study investigated whether cytosolic Na+ changes are transmitted to mitochondria, which could therefore influence their function and contribute to the overall intracellular Na+ regulat...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20387
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic zinc ions released during synaptic transmission interact with pre- and postsynaptic neuroreceptors, thus modulating neurotransmission. It is likely that they have to be efficiently cleared from the extracellular milieu to assure subsequent synaptic events. Both neurons and glia are assumed to participate in t...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20382
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by the choroid plexuses (CPs), which are specialized structures located within the brain ventricles. They are composed of a vascularized stroma surrounded by a tight epithelium that controls molecular and cellular traffic between the blood and...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20373
更新日期:2006-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroadapted Sindbis Virus (NSV) is a neuronotropic virus that causes hindlimb paralysis in susceptible mice and rats. The authors and others have demonstrated that though death of infected motor neurons occurs, bystander death of uninfected neurons also occurs and both contribute to the paralysis that ensues followin...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20359
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to promote proliferation of both retinal progenitors and Muller glia in vitro, but several questions remain concerning an in vivo role for this factor. In this study, we investigated whether the EGF receptor (EGFR) is necessary for the maintenance of normal levels of progenitor a...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20361
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes are thought to play a variety of key roles in the adult brain, such as their participation in synaptic transmission, in wound healing upon brain injury, and adult neurogenesis. However, to elucidate these functions in vivo has been difficult because of the lack of astrocyte-specific gene targeting. Here we ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20350
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal injury in CNS tissues induces a rapid activation and mobilization of resident microglia (MG). It is widely assumed that changes in gene expression drive the morphological transformation of MG and regulate their mobilization during activation. Here, we used acutely excised neonatal rat brain slices to test whe...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20355
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::alpha-Syntrophin, a member of the dystrophin-associated protein complex, is required for proper localization of the water channel aquaporin-4 at the blood-brain barrier. Mice lacking alpha-syntrophin have reduced levels of aquaporin-4 in perivascular astroglial endfeet. Consequently, they exhibit reduced edema and inf...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20347
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular matrix molecules are involved in the cellular functions of proliferation, migration, morphological differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. One candidate molecule of the extracellular matrix is the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan neurocan. To determine whether neurocan expression is regulated by neuron...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20329
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign tumors that arise from the Schwann cells (SCs) lining the vestibular nerve. VS cells survive and proliferate far from neurons and axonally derived growth factors. We have previously shown that VSs produce the glial growth factor, neuregulin-1 (NRG1), and its receptors, ErbB2 and...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20316
更新日期:2006-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The mitogenic role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its involvement in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation were examined in primary cultures of cerebellar astrocytes. Exposure to bFGF resulted in a rapid increase of extracellular S1P formation, bFGF inducing astrocytes to release S1P, but n...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20324
更新日期:2006-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::To explore pathways to neuron loss in inflammatory diseases, transgenic mice expressing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in either astrocytes or photoreceptor cells, or both, were inoculated with activated, beta-gal-specific cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs). beta-gal-positive astrocytes in brain were rapidly attacked, ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20298
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute liver failure (ALF) is consistently accompanied by alterations in brain energy metabolites and recent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies suggest disturbances in brain oxidative metabolism in experimental ALF. Glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier is essential to sustain brain energy metabolism a...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20310
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::17beta-estradiol (betaE(2)) is an effective neuroprotectant against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced retinal neuronal cell death and light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Müller cells are the principal macroglia responsible for supporting retinal neuronal survival, information processing and removing metabolic...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20291
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The removal by phagocytosis of degenerated myelin is central for repair in Wallerian degeneration that follows traumatic injury to axons and in autoimmune demyelinating diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis). We tested for roles played by the cAMP cascade in the regulation of myelin phagocytosis mediated by complement re...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20303
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the vertebrate brain, much remains to be understood concerning the origin of glial cell diversity and the potential lineage relationships between the various types of glia. Besides astrocytes and myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, other macroglial cell populations are found in discrete areas of the central nervous sy...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20282
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Minocycline, a derivative of the antibiotic tetracycline, displays neuroprotective properties in various models of neurodegenerative diseases and is now used in clinical trials, because of its relative safety and tolerability. Minocycline passes the blood-brain barrier and is presumed to inhibit microglial activation....
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20268
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major role for Müller cells in the retina is to buffer changes in the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) resulting from light-evoked neuronal activity. The primary K+ conductance in Müller cells is the inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1. Since this channel is constitutively active, K+ can enter or exit Müller...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20271
更新日期:2006-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Galactosylceramide (GalC) is the major sphingolipid of the myelin membrane. Mice lacking GalC due to ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) deficiency form unstable and functionally affected myelin and exhibit a progressive demyelination, accompanied by severe motor coordination deficits. In addition to oligodendrocytes...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20230
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes play a key role regulating aspects of inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Several enzymes, such as the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), along with different inflammatory mediators such as the free radical nitric oxide (NO) or proinflammatory cytokines, ha...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20229
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocyte proliferation is tightly controlled during development and in the adult nervous system. In the present study, we find that a high-molecular-weight (MW) form of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is found in rat spinal cord tissue and becomes degraded soon after traumatic spinal cord injury. Newly synthesi...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20215
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dentate neurogenesis, important for learning and memory, declines dramatically by middle age. Although studies have shown that this age-related decrease can be reversed to some extent by exogenous applications of mitogenic factors, it is unclear whether one or more of these factors exhibits decline by middle age. We h...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20187
更新日期:2005-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Water balance between cells and extracellular compartments is essential for proper functioning of the central nervous system, as demonstrated by its perturbations in pathological conditions. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in brain and spinal cord, where it is present mainly on astrocytic endfeet c...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20196
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00