abstract：:Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) reverse the ubiquitylation of target proteins, thereby regulating diverse cellular functions. In contrast to the plethora of research being conducted on the ability of DUBs to counter the degradation of cellular proteins or auto-ubiquitylated E3 ligases, very little is known about the m...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Haq S,Ramakrishna S

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the nervous system where they are pivotal constituents of the plasma membranes and are important for proper brain development and functions. Sphingolipids are not merely structural elements, but are also recognized as regulators of cellular events by their ability to form microdoma...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Olsen ASB,Færgeman NJ

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitination is a versatile post-translational modification that regulates a multitude of cellular processes. Its versatility is based on the ability of ubiquitin to form multiple types of polyubiquitin chains, which are recognized by specific ubiquitin receptors to induce the required cellular response. Linear ubiq...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Rittinger K,Ikeda F

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TRPA1 is a non-selective cation channel involved in pain sensation and neurogenic inflammation. Although TRPA1 is well established in a number of organs including the nervous system, its presence and function in the mammalian cortex remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the expression of TRPA1 in rodent somatosensory ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Kheradpezhouh E,Choy JMC,Daria VR,Arabzadeh E

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Typical centrioles are made of microtubules organized in ninefold symmetry. Most animal somatic cells have two centrioles for normal cell division and function. These centrioles originate from the zygote, but because the oocyte does not provide any centrioles, it is surprising that the zygotes of many animals are thou...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Fishman EL,Jo K,Ha A,Royfman R,Zinn A,Krishnamurthy M,Avidor-Reiss T

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike most bacteria, mycobacteria rely on the multi-domain enzyme eukaryote-like fatty acid synthase I (FAS I) to make fatty acids de novo. These metabolites are precursors of the biosynthesis of most of the lipids present both in the complex mycobacteria cell wall and in the storage lipids inside the cell. In order ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Cabruja M,Mondino S,Tsai YT,Lara J,Gramajo H,Gago G

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differentiation of columnar epithelial cells involves a dramatic reorganization of the microtubules (MTs) and centrosomal components into an apico-basal array no longer anchored at the centrosome. Instead, the minus-ends of the MTs become anchored at apical non-centrosomal microtubule organizing centres (n-MTOCs). For...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Goldspink DA,Rookyard C,Tyrrell BJ,Gadsby J,Perkins J,Lund EK,Galjart N,Thomas P,Wileman T,Mogensen MM

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts of a recently discovered class of genes which do not code for proteins. LncRNA genes are approximately as numerous as protein-coding genes in the human genome. However, comparatively little remains known about lncRNA functions. We globally interrogated changes in the lncR...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Lin CY,Kleinbrink EL,Dachet F,Cai J,Ju D,Goldstone A,Wood EJ,Liu K,Jia H,Goustin AS,Kosir MA,Thepsuwan P,Lipovich L

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In most animals, the bulk of sperm DNA is packaged with sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs), a diverse group of highly basic chromosomal proteins notably comprising mammalian protamines. The replacement of histones with SNBPs during spermiogenesis allows sperm DNA to reach an extreme level of compaction, but little i...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Kimura S,Loppin B

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-cell identity is established by the expression of a clonotypic T-cell receptor (TCR), generated by somatic rearrangement of TCRα and β genes. The properties of the TCR determine both the degree of self-reactivity and the repertoire of antigens that can be recognized. For CD8 T cells, the relationship between TCR ide...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Swee LK,Tan ZW,Sanecka A,Yoshida N,Patel H,Grotenbreg G,Frickel EM,Ploegh HL

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With over 9000 species, squamates, which include lizards and snakes, are the largest group of reptiles and second-largest order of vertebrates, spanning a vast array of appendicular skeletal morphology. As such, they provide a promising system for examining developmental and molecular processes underlying limb morphol...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Melville J,Hunjan S,McLean F,Mantziou G,Boysen K,Parry LJ

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA) is an enzyme located in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. OMPLA exhibits broad substrate specificity, and some of its substrates are located in the cellular envelope. Generally, the enzymatic activity can only be induced by perturbation of the cell envelope integrity ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Wang X,Jiang F,Zheng J,Chen L,Dong J,Sun L,Zhu Y,Liu B,Yang J,Yang G,Jin Q

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During mouse preimplantation embryo development, the classically described second cell-fate decision involves the specification and segregation, in blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM), of primitive endoderm (PrE) from pluripotent epiblast (EPI). The active role of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signalling during PrE diff...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Thamodaran V,Bruce AW

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AKTIP is a shelterin-interacting protein required for replication of telomeric DNA. Here, we show that AKTIP biochemically interacts with A- and B-type lamins and affects lamin A, but not lamin C or B, expression. In interphase cells, AKTIP localizes at the nuclear rim and in discrete regions of the nucleoplasm just l...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Burla R,Carcuro M,Torre ML,Fratini F,Crescenzi M,D'Apice MR,Spitalieri P,Raffa GD,Astrologo L,Lattanzi G,Cundari E,Raimondo D,Biroccio A,Gatti M,Saggio I

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in aggregates called Lewy bodies. Several mutated genes have been found in familial PD patients, including SNCA (α-synuclein), PARK2 (parkin), PINK...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Im E,Yoo L,Hyun M,Shin WH,Chung KC

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings have highlighted the role of the Old World alphavirus non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) as a host defence modulator that functions by disrupting stress granules, subcellular phase-dense RNA/protein structures formed upon environmental stress. This disruption mechanism was largely explained through nsP3-m...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Schulte T,Liu L,Panas MD,Thaa B,Dickson N,Götte B,Achour A,McInerney GM

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reproductive behaviour is important for animals to keep their species existing on Earth. A key question is how to generate more and healthier progenies by choosing optimal mates. In Drosophila melanogaster, males use multiple sensory cues, including vision, olfaction and gustation, to achieve reproductive success. The...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Zhuang L,Sun Y,Hu M,Wu C,La X,Chen X,Feng Y,Wang X,Hu Y,Xue L

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the aetiological agent of tuberculosis, has evolved to scavenge nutrients from the confined environment of host macrophages with mycobacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters playing a key role in nutrient acquisition. Mtb-UspC (Rv2318) is the solute-binding protein of the ess...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Fullam E,Prokes I,Fütterer K,Besra GS

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In unicellular bacteria, the ParA and ParB proteins segregate chromosomes and coordinate this process with cell division and chromosome replication. During sporulation of mycelial Streptomyces, ParA and ParB uniformly distribute multiple chromosomes along the filamentous sporogenic hyphal compartment, which then diffe...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Donczew M,Mackiewicz P,Wróbel A,Flärdh K,Zakrzewska-Czerwińska J,Jakimowicz D

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the widespread use of avermectins (AVMs) for managing parasitic and agricultural pests, the resistance of worms and insects to AVMs has emerged as a serious threat to human health and agriculture worldwide. The reduced penetration of AVMs is one of the main reasons for the development of the resistance to the che...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Chen LP,Wang P,Sun YJ,Wu YJ

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myzozoans (which include dinoflagellates, chromerids and apicomplexans) display notable divergence from their ciliate sister group, including a reduced mitochondrial genome and divergent metabolic processes. The factors contributing to these divergent processes are still poorly understood and could serve as potential ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Klug D,Mair GR,Frischknecht F,Douglas RG

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although systemic or local inflammation, commonly featured by cytokine activation, is implicated in patients with bone loss, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. As microRNAs (miR), a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in essential physiological processes, have been found in bone cells, we aimed to invest...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Wang N,Zhou Z,Wu T,Liu W,Yin P,Pan C,Yu X

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The range of biological outcomes generated by many signalling proteins in development and homeostasis is increased by their interactions with glycosaminoglycans, particularly heparan sulfate (HS). This interaction controls the localization and movement of these signalling proteins, but whether such control depends on ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Sun C,Marcello M,Li Y,Mason D,Lévy R,Fernig DG

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pseudomonas aeruginosa are noscomially acquired, opportunistic pathogens that pose a major threat to the health of burns patients and the immunocompromised. We sequenced the genomes of P. aeruginosa isolates RNS_PA1, RNS_PA46 and RNS_PAE05, which displayed resistance to almost all frontline antibiotics, including gent...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Roy Chowdhury P,Scott M,Worden P,Huntington P,Hudson B,Karagiannis T,Charles IG,Djordjevic SP

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The conserved Hedgehog (HH) signals control animal development, adult stem cell maintenance and oncogenesis. In Drosophila, the HH co-receptor Patched (PTC) controls both HH gradient formation and signalling. PTC is post-translationally downregulated by HH, which promotes its endocytosis and destabilization, but the m...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Brigui A,Hofmann L,Argüelles C,Sanial M,Holmgren RA,Plessis A

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structures of F-ATPases have been determined predominantly with mitochondrial enzymes, but hitherto no F-ATPase has been crystallized intact. A high-resolution model of the bovine enzyme built up from separate sub-structures determined by X-ray crystallography contains about 85% of the entire complex, but it lacks...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Morales-Rios E,Watt IN,Zhang Q,Ding S,Fearnley IM,Montgomery MG,Wakelam MJ,Walker JE

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vertebrate NCoR-family co-repressors play central roles in the timing of embryo and stem cell differentiation by repressing the activity of a range of transcription factors. They interact with nuclear receptors using short linear motifs (SLiMs) termed co-repressor for nuclear receptor (CoRNR) boxes. Here, we identify ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Short S,Peterkin T,Guille M,Patient R,Sharpe C

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ThyX is an essential thymidylate synthase that is mechanistically and structurally unrelated to the functionally analogous human enzyme, thus providing means for selective inhibition of bacterial growth. To identify novel compounds with anti-bacterial activity against the human pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Skouloubris S,Djaout K,Lamarre I,Lambry JC,Anger K,Briffotaux J,Liebl U,de Reuse H,Myllykallio H

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heterochromatin plays important roles in eukaryotic genome regulation. However, the repressive nature of heterochromatin combined with its propensity to self-propagate necessitates robust mechanisms to contain heterochromatin within defined boundaries and thus prevent silencing of expressed genes. Here we show that lo...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Verrier L,Taglini F,Barrales RR,Webb S,Urano T,Braun S,Bayne EH

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated cataract risk after radiation exposure was established soon after the discovery of X-rays in 1895. Today, increased cataract incidence among medical imaging practitioners and after nuclear incidents has highlighted how little is still understood about the biological responses of the lens to low-dose ionizing ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Markiewicz E,Barnard S,Haines J,Coster M,van Geel O,Wu W,Richards S,Ainsbury E,Rothkamm K,Bouffler S,Quinlan RA

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In mammals, the testis-specific bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) protein BRDT is essential for spermatogenesis. In Drosophila, it was recently reported that the tBRD-1 protein is similarly required for male fertility. Interestingly, however, tBRD-1 has two conserved bromodomains in its N-terminus but it lacks an e...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Kimura S,Loppin B

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins adopt defined structures and are crucial to most cellular functions. Their misfolding and aggregation is associated with numerous degenerative human disorders such as type II diabetes, Huntington's or Alzheimer's diseases. Here, we aim to understand why cells promote the formation of protein foci. Comparison ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Sanchez de Groot N,Gomes RA,Villar-Pique A,Babu MM,Coelho AV,Ventura S

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wnt/β-catenin signalling controls development and adult tissue homeostasis and causes cancer when inappropriately activated. In unstimulated cells, an Axin1-centred multi-protein complex phosphorylates the transcriptional co-activator β-catenin, marking it for degradation. Wnt signalling antagonizes β-catenin proteoly...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Gerlach JP,Emmink BL,Nojima H,Kranenburg O,Maurice MM

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genus Caulobacter is found in a variety of habitats and is known for its ability to thrive in low-nutrient conditions. K31 is a novel Caulobacter isolate that has the ability to tolerate copper and chlorophenols, and can grow at 4 ° C with a doubling time of 40 h. K31 contains a 5.5 Mb chromosome that codes for mo...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Ash K,Brown T,Watford T,Scott LE,Stephens C,Ely B

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the predominant serum immunoglobulin and has the longest serum half-life of all the antibody classes. The European rabbit IgG has been of significant importance in immunological research, and is therefore well characterized. However, the IgG of other leporids has been disregarded. To evaluate...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Pinheiro A,Woof JM,Almeida T,Abrantes J,Alves PC,Gortázar C,Esteves PJ

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane-associated histidine kinases (HKs) in two-component systems respond to environmental stimuli by autophosphorylation and phospho-transfer. HK typically contains a periplasmic sensor domain that regulates the cytoplasmic kinase domain through a conserved cytoplasmic linker. How signal is transduced from the lig...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Liu J,Yang J,Wen J,Yang Y,Wei X,Zhang X,Wang YP

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Parkinson's disease (PD) gene, PARK6, encodes the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) mitochondrial kinase, which provides protection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Given the link between glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function and insulin secretion in β-cells, and the reported association of PD...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Deas E,Piipari K,Machhada A,Li A,Gutierrez-del-Arroyo A,Withers DJ,Wood NW,Abramov AY

更新日期：2014-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Most animals have separate sexes. The differential expression of gene products, in particular that of gene regulators, is underlying sexual dimorphism. Analyses of sex-biased expression have focused mostly on protein-coding genes. Several lines of evidence indicate that microRNAs, a class of major gene regulators, are...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Marco A

更新日期：2014-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with various diseases, such as cancer, myopathies, neurodegeneration and obesity. Mitochondrial homoeostasis is achieved by mechanisms that adapt the number of mitochondria to that required for energy production and for the supply of metabolic intermediates necessary to su...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Groenewoud MJ,Zwartkruis FJ

更新日期：2013-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Gating of AMPA- and kainate-selective ionotropic glutamate receptors can be defined in terms of ligand affinity, efficacy and the rate and extent of desensitization. Crucial insights into all three elements have come from structural studies of the ligand-binding domain (LBD). In particular, binding-cleft closure is as...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Nayeem N,Mayans O,Green T

更新日期：2013-05-29 00:00:00