Rheb and mammalian target of rapamycin in mitochondrial homoeostasis.

abstract：:The innate immune response is the first line of defence against infection. Germ-line-encoded receptors recognize conserved molecular motifs from both exogenous and endogenous sources. Receptor activation results in the initiation of a pro-inflammatory immune response that enables the resolution of infection. Understan...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Bryant CE,Monie TP

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With over 9000 species, squamates, which include lizards and snakes, are the largest group of reptiles and second-largest order of vertebrates, spanning a vast array of appendicular skeletal morphology. As such, they provide a promising system for examining developmental and molecular processes underlying limb morphol...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Melville J,Hunjan S,McLean F,Mantziou G,Boysen K,Parry LJ

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in aggregates called Lewy bodies. Several mutated genes have been found in familial PD patients, including SNCA (α-synuclein), PARK2 (parkin), PINK...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Im E,Yoo L,Hyun M,Shin WH,Chung KC

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic vesicle exocytosis relies on the tethering of release ready vesicles close to voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and specific lipids at the future site of fusion. This enables rapid and efficient neurotransmitter secretion during presynaptic depolarization by an action potential. Extensive research has revealed that...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Held RG,Kaeser PS

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the nervous system where they are pivotal constituents of the plasma membranes and are important for proper brain development and functions. Sphingolipids are not merely structural elements, but are also recognized as regulators of cellular events by their ability to form microdoma...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Olsen ASB,Færgeman NJ

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Typical centrioles are made of microtubules organized in ninefold symmetry. Most animal somatic cells have two centrioles for normal cell division and function. These centrioles originate from the zygote, but because the oocyte does not provide any centrioles, it is surprising that the zygotes of many animals are thou...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Fishman EL,Jo K,Ha A,Royfman R,Zinn A,Krishnamurthy M,Avidor-Reiss T

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute nociceptive pain is an undesirable feeling but has a physiological significance as a warning system for living organisms. Conversely, chronic pain is lacking physiological significance, but rather represents a confusion of nerve functions. The neuropathic pain that occurs after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is p...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Inoue K

更新日期：2018-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA interference (RNAi) in insects is routinely used to ascertain gene function, but also has potential as a technology to control pest species. For some insects, such as beetles, ingestion of small quantities of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is able to knock down a targeted gene's expression. However, in other species,...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Tayler A,Heschuk D,Giesbrecht D,Park JY,Whyard S

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinetochore is a complex structure whose function is absolutely essential. Unlike the centromere, the kinetochore at first appeared remarkably well conserved from yeast to humans, especially the microtubule-binding outer kinetochore. However, recent efforts towards biochemical reconstitution of diverse kinetochore...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Hamilton GE,Davis TN

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA) is an enzyme located in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. OMPLA exhibits broad substrate specificity, and some of its substrates are located in the cellular envelope. Generally, the enzymatic activity can only be induced by perturbation of the cell envelope integrity ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Wang X,Jiang F,Zheng J,Chen L,Dong J,Sun L,Zhu Y,Liu B,Yang J,Yang G,Jin Q

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aberrant tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling is a hallmark of many inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), irritable bowel disease and lupus. Maladaptive TNF signalling can lead to hyper active downstream nuclear factor (NF)-κβ signalling in turn amplifying a cell's inflammatory response and exa...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Totzke J,Scarneo SA,Yang KW,Haystead TAJ

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the first cell-fate decision of mouse preimplantation embryo development, a population of outer-residing polar cells is segregated from a second population of inner apolar cells to form two distinct cell lineages: the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass (ICM), respectively. Historically, two models have been ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Mihajlović AI,Bruce AW

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotic cells, about one-third of the synthesized proteins are translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum; they are membrane or lumen resident proteins and proteins direct to the Golgi apparatus. The co-translational translocation takes place through the heterotrimeric protein-conducting channel Sec61 which is ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Russo A

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discovered in 1991 in a screen for genes involved in spindle pole body duplication, the monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) kinase has since claimed a central role in processes that ensure error-free chromosome segregation. As a result, Mps1 kinase activity has become an attractive candidate for pharmaceutical companies in the...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Pachis ST,Kops GJPL

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated cataract risk after radiation exposure was established soon after the discovery of X-rays in 1895. Today, increased cataract incidence among medical imaging practitioners and after nuclear incidents has highlighted how little is still understood about the biological responses of the lens to low-dose ionizing ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Markiewicz E,Barnard S,Haines J,Coster M,van Geel O,Wu W,Richards S,Ainsbury E,Rothkamm K,Bouffler S,Quinlan RA

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At least 150 human proteins are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). The protein moiety of GPI-APs lacking transmembrane domains is anchored to the plasma membrane with GPI covalently attached to the C-terminus. The GPI consists of the conserved core glycan, phosphatidylinositol and glycan side ch...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Kinoshita T

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer is considered a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells and is propelled by somatic mutations. Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) family of enzymes are endogenous sources of somatic mutations found in multiple human cancers. Wh...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Granadillo Rodríguez M,Flath B,Chelico L

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flagella have multiple functions that are associated with different axonemal structures. Motile flagella typically have a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, whereas sensory flagella normally have a 9 + 0 arrangement. Leishmania exhibits both of these flagellum forms and differentiation between these two flagellum form...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Sunter JD,Moreira-Leite F,Gull K

更新日期：2018-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to analyse the expression pattern and elucidate the mechanistic involvement of long non-coding RNA LINC00467 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The relative expression of LINC00467 and microRNA (miR)-9-5p was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability was measured using...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Cai K,Li T,Guo L,Guo H,Zhu W,Yan L,Li F

更新日期：2019-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteocytes secrete the glycoprotein sclerostin to inhibit bone formation by osteoblasts, but how sclerostin production is regulated in osteocytes remains unclear. Here, we show that tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) in osteocytes promotes sclerostin secretion through inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin com...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Liu W,Wang Z,Yang J,Wang Y,Li K,Huang B,Yan B,Wang T,Li M,Zou Z,Yang J,Xiao G,Cui ZK,Liu A,Bai X

更新日期：2019-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Leucocytes form the principal cellular components of immunity and inflammation, existing as multiple subsets defined by distinct phenotypic and functional profiles. To date, this has most notably been documented for lymphocytes and monocytes. In contrast, as neutrophils are traditionally considered, to be short-lived,...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Beyrau M,Bodkin JV,Nourshargh S

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:'Epichromatin', the surface of chromatin beneath the interphase nuclear envelope (NE) or at the surface of mitotic chromosomes, was discovered by immunostaining with a specific bivalent mouse monoclonal anti-nucleosome antibody (mAb PL2-6). 'Chromomeres', punctate chromatin particles approximately 200-300 nm in diamet...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Olins DE,Olins AL

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wnts are a highly conserved family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in the morphogenesis and body patterning during the development of metazoan species. In recent years, mounting evidence has revealed important functions of Wnt signalling in diverse aspects of neural development, including neuronal ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： He CW,Liao CP,Pan CL

更新日期：2018-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Reproductive behaviour is important for animals to keep their species existing on Earth. A key question is how to generate more and healthier progenies by choosing optimal mates. In Drosophila melanogaster, males use multiple sensory cues, including vision, olfaction and gustation, to achieve reproductive success. The...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Zhuang L,Sun Y,Hu M,Wu C,La X,Chen X,Feng Y,Wang X,Hu Y,Xue L

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin B₁₂-dependent enzymes function in core biochemical pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an obligate pathogen whose metabolism in vivo is poorly understood. Although M. tuberculosis can access vitamin B₁₂ in vitro, it is uncertain whether the organism is able to scavenge B₁₂ during host infection. This quest...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Gopinath K,Venclovas C,Ioerger TR,Sacchettini JC,McKinney JD,Mizrahi V,Warner DF

更新日期：2013-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the aetiological agent of tuberculosis, has evolved to scavenge nutrients from the confined environment of host macrophages with mycobacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters playing a key role in nutrient acquisition. Mtb-UspC (Rv2318) is the solute-binding protein of the ess...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Fullam E,Prokes I,Fütterer K,Besra GS

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) reverse the ubiquitylation of target proteins, thereby regulating diverse cellular functions. In contrast to the plethora of research being conducted on the ability of DUBs to counter the degradation of cellular proteins or auto-ubiquitylated E3 ligases, very little is known about the m...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Haq S,Ramakrishna S

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In mammals, the testis-specific bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) protein BRDT is essential for spermatogenesis. In Drosophila, it was recently reported that the tBRD-1 protein is similarly required for male fertility. Interestingly, however, tBRD-1 has two conserved bromodomains in its N-terminus but it lacks an e...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Kimura S,Loppin B

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In unicellular bacteria, the ParA and ParB proteins segregate chromosomes and coordinate this process with cell division and chromosome replication. During sporulation of mycelial Streptomyces, ParA and ParB uniformly distribute multiple chromosomes along the filamentous sporogenic hyphal compartment, which then diffe...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Donczew M,Mackiewicz P,Wróbel A,Flärdh K,Zakrzewska-Czerwińska J,Jakimowicz D

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disruption of the enzymatic activities of the transcription factor TFIIH by the small molecules Triptolide (TPL) or THZ1 could be used against cancer. Here, we used the MCF10A-ErSrc oncogenesis model to compare the effect of TFIIH inhibitors between transformed cells and their progenitors. We report that tumour cells ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Uriostegui-Arcos M,Aguayo-Ortiz R,Valencia-Morales MDP,Melchy-Pérez E,Rosenstein Y,Dominguez L,Zurita M

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00