Abstract:
:Elevated cataract risk after radiation exposure was established soon after the discovery of X-rays in 1895. Today, increased cataract incidence among medical imaging practitioners and after nuclear incidents has highlighted how little is still understood about the biological responses of the lens to low-dose ionizing radiation (IR). Here, we show for the first time that in mice, lens epithelial cells (LECs) in the peripheral region repair DNA double strand breaks (DSB) after exposure to 20 and 100 mGy more slowly compared with circulating blood lymphocytes, as demonstrated by counts of γH2AX foci in cell nuclei. LECs in the central region repaired DSBs faster than either LECs in the lens periphery or lymphocytes. Although DSB markers (γH2AX, 53BP1 and RAD51) in both lens regions showed linear dose responses at the 1 h timepoint, nonlinear responses were observed in lenses for EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxy-uridine) incorporation, cyclin D1 staining and cell density after 24 h at 100 and 250 mGy. After 10 months, the lens aspect ratio was also altered, an indicator of the consequences of the altered cell proliferation and cell density changes. A best-fit model demonstrated a dose-response peak at 500 mGy. These data identify specific nonlinear biological responses to low (less than 1000 mGy) dose IR-induced DNA damage in the lens epithelium.
journal_name
Open Bioljournal_title
Open biologyauthors
Markiewicz E,Barnard S,Haines J,Coster M,van Geel O,Wu W,Richards S,Ainsbury E,Rothkamm K,Bouffler S,Quinlan RAdoi
10.1098/rsob.150011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-04-01 00:00:00pages
150011issue
4issn
2046-2441pii
rsob.150011journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Open Biology文献大全abstract::In recent years pleiotropy, the phenomenon of one genetic locus influencing several traits, has become a widely researched field in human genetics. With the increasing availability of genome-wide association study summary statistics, as well as the establishment of deeply phenotyped sample collections, it is now possi...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1098/rsob.170125
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The conserved Hedgehog (HH) signals control animal development, adult stem cell maintenance and oncogenesis. In Drosophila, the HH co-receptor Patched (PTC) controls both HH gradient formation and signalling. PTC is post-translationally downregulated by HH, which promotes its endocytosis and destabilization, but the m...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.150112
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Redox conditions change in events such as immune and platelet activation, and during viral infection, but the biochemical consequences are not well characterized. There is evidence that some disulfide bonds in membrane proteins are labile while others that are probably structurally important are not exposed at the pro...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.110010
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (ALS/MND) are currently not clinically available for disease diagnosis or analysis of disease progression. If identified, biomarkers could improve patient outcomes by enabling early intervention and assist in the determination of treatment efficacy. We ...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.200116
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF) is an important neuropeptide in the brain circadian network of Drosophila and other insects, but its role in bees in which the circadian clock influences complex behaviour is not well understood. We combined high-resolution neuroanatomical characterizations, quantification of PDF levels...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.170224
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Typical centrioles are made of microtubules organized in ninefold symmetry. Most animal somatic cells have two centrioles for normal cell division and function. These centrioles originate from the zygote, but because the oocyte does not provide any centrioles, it is surprising that the zygotes of many animals are thou...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.160334
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of foetal DNA in the plasma of pregnant women has opened up new possibilities for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. The use of circulating foetal DNA for the non-invasive prenatal detection of foetal chromosomal aneuploidies is challenging as foetal DNA represents a minor fraction of maternal plasma DNA. I...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.120086
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding gene regulation requires knowledge of changes in transcription factor (TF) activities. Simultaneous direct measurement of numerous TF activities is currently impossible. Nevertheless, statistical approaches to infer TF activities have yielded non-trivial and verifiable predictions for individual TFs. Her...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.120091
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We here address the question of whether there is any correlation between subjective preference for simple configurations within a specific visual domain such as motion and strength of activity in visual areas in which that domain is emphasized. We prepared several distinctive patterns of dots in motion with various ch...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.120001
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrate NCoR-family co-repressors play central roles in the timing of embryo and stem cell differentiation by repressing the activity of a range of transcription factors. They interact with nuclear receptors using short linear motifs (SLiMs) termed co-repressor for nuclear receptor (CoRNR) boxes. Here, we identify ...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.150063
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wnt/β-catenin signalling controls development and adult tissue homeostasis and causes cancer when inappropriately activated. In unstimulated cells, an Axin1-centred multi-protein complex phosphorylates the transcriptional co-activator β-catenin, marking it for degradation. Wnt signalling antagonizes β-catenin proteoly...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.140120
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the nervous system where they are pivotal constituents of the plasma membranes and are important for proper brain development and functions. Sphingolipids are not merely structural elements, but are also recognized as regulators of cellular events by their ability to form microdoma...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1098/rsob.170069
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic material can be transmitted not only vertically from parent to offspring, but also laterally (horizontally) from one bacterial lineage to another. Lateral genetic transfer is non-uniform; biases in its nature or frequency construct communities of genetic exchange. These biases have been proposed to arise from ...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.120112
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic vesicle exocytosis relies on the tethering of release ready vesicles close to voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and specific lipids at the future site of fusion. This enables rapid and efficient neurotransmitter secretion during presynaptic depolarization by an action potential. Extensive research has revealed that...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1098/rsob.170258
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infections are typically lifelong, with small numbers of parasites surviving in restricted tissue sites, which include the gastrointestinal tract. There is considerable debate about the replicative status of these persistent parasites and whether there is a role for dormancy in long-term infe...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.200261
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the widespread use of avermectins (AVMs) for managing parasitic and agricultural pests, the resistance of worms and insects to AVMs has emerged as a serious threat to human health and agriculture worldwide. The reduced penetration of AVMs is one of the main reasons for the development of the resistance to the che...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.150231
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discovered in 1991 in a screen for genes involved in spindle pole body duplication, the monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) kinase has since claimed a central role in processes that ensure error-free chromosome segregation. As a result, Mps1 kinase activity has become an attractive candidate for pharmaceutical companies in the...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1098/rsob.180109
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::How a single genome can give rise to distinct cell types remains a fundamental question in biology. Mammals are able to specify and maintain hundreds of cell fates by selectively activating unique subsets of their genome. This is achieved, in part, by enhancers-genetic elements that can increase transcription of both ...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.200255
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic regions with repeated sequences are unstable and prone to rapid DNA diversification. However, the role of tandem repeats within the coding region is not fully characterized. Here, we have identified a new hypervariable C-type lectin gene family with different numbers of tandem repeats (Rlecs; R means repeat) i...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.200141
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal vasculature plays a central role in the maintenance of microenvironments for osteogenesis and haematopoiesis. In addition to supplying oxygen and nutrients, vasculature provides a number of inductive factors termed as angiocrine signals. Blood vessels drive recruitment of osteoblast precursors and bone format...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1098/rsob.190144
更新日期:2019-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::In most animals, the bulk of sperm DNA is packaged with sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs), a diverse group of highly basic chromosomal proteins notably comprising mammalian protamines. The replacement of histones with SNBPs during spermiogenesis allows sperm DNA to reach an extreme level of compaction, but little i...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.160207
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The urine of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) contains substantial quantities of a small protein that is expressed at much higher levels in males than females, and at higher levels in males in the breeding season. This protein was purified and completely sequenced at the protein level by mass spectrometry. Leucine/isoleu...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.170135
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Parkinson's disease (PD) gene, PARK6, encodes the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) mitochondrial kinase, which provides protection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Given the link between glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function and insulin secretion in β-cells, and the reported association of PD...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.140051
更新日期:2014-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::TRPA1 is a non-selective cation channel involved in pain sensation and neurogenic inflammation. Although TRPA1 is well established in a number of organs including the nervous system, its presence and function in the mammalian cortex remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the expression of TRPA1 in rodent somatosensory ...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.160314
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, the testis-specific bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) protein BRDT is essential for spermatogenesis. In Drosophila, it was recently reported that the tBRD-1 protein is similarly required for male fertility. Interestingly, however, tBRD-1 has two conserved bromodomains in its N-terminus but it lacks an e...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.140145
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although systemic or local inflammation, commonly featured by cytokine activation, is implicated in patients with bone loss, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. As microRNAs (miR), a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in essential physiological processes, have been found in bone cells, we aimed to invest...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.150258
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structures of F-ATPases have been determined predominantly with mitochondrial enzymes, but hitherto no F-ATPase has been crystallized intact. A high-resolution model of the bovine enzyme built up from separate sub-structures determined by X-ray crystallography contains about 85% of the entire complex, but it lacks...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.150119
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa are noscomially acquired, opportunistic pathogens that pose a major threat to the health of burns patients and the immunocompromised. We sequenced the genomes of P. aeruginosa isolates RNS_PA1, RNS_PA46 and RNS_PAE05, which displayed resistance to almost all frontline antibiotics, including gent...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.150175
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-cell identity is established by the expression of a clonotypic T-cell receptor (TCR), generated by somatic rearrangement of TCRα and β genes. The properties of the TCR determine both the degree of self-reactivity and the repertoire of antigens that can be recognized. For CD8 T cells, the relationship between TCR ide...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.160293
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intercalation allows cells to exchange positions in a spatially oriented manner in an array of diverse processes, spanning convergent extension in embryonic gastrulation to the formation of tubular organs. However, given the co-occurrence of cell intercalation and changes in cell shape, it is sometimes difficult to as...
journal_title:Open biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsob.200329
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00