Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis by massively parallel sequencing of maternal plasma DNA.

abstract：:Wnts are a highly conserved family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in the morphogenesis and body patterning during the development of metazoan species. In recent years, mounting evidence has revealed important functions of Wnt signalling in diverse aspects of neural development, including neuronal ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： He CW,Liao CP,Pan CL

更新日期：2018-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:RANKL (receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand, TNFSF11) is a member of the TNF superfamily that regulates bone remodelling and the development of the thymus, lymph nodes and mammary glands. While RANKL and its membrane bound receptor RANK (TNFRSF11A) are expressed in the adult central nervous system and have been implicat...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Gutierrez H,Kisiswa L,O'Keeffe GW,Smithen MJ,Wyatt S,Davies AM

更新日期：2013-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Most animals have separate sexes. The differential expression of gene products, in particular that of gene regulators, is underlying sexual dimorphism. Analyses of sex-biased expression have focused mostly on protein-coding genes. Several lines of evidence indicate that microRNAs, a class of major gene regulators, are...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Marco A

更新日期：2014-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Following thymic output, αβ⁺CD4⁺ T cells become activated in the periphery when they encounter peptide-major histocompatibility complex. A combination of cytokine and co-stimulatory signals instructs the differentiation of T cells into various lineages and subsequent expansion and contraction during an appropriate and...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Coomes SM,Pelly VS,Wilson MS

更新日期：2013-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a promising cancer drug target as a molecular chaperone critical for stabilization and activation of several of the oncoproteins that drive cancer progression. Its actions depend upon its essential ATPase, an activity fortuitously inhibited with a very high degree of selectivity by nat...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Piper PW,Millson SH

更新日期：2012-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings have highlighted the role of the Old World alphavirus non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) as a host defence modulator that functions by disrupting stress granules, subcellular phase-dense RNA/protein structures formed upon environmental stress. This disruption mechanism was largely explained through nsP3-m...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Schulte T,Liu L,Panas MD,Thaa B,Dickson N,Götte B,Achour A,McInerney GM

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike most bacteria, mycobacteria rely on the multi-domain enzyme eukaryote-like fatty acid synthase I (FAS I) to make fatty acids de novo. These metabolites are precursors of the biosynthesis of most of the lipids present both in the complex mycobacteria cell wall and in the storage lipids inside the cell. In order ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Cabruja M,Mondino S,Tsai YT,Lara J,Gramajo H,Gago G

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With over 9000 species, squamates, which include lizards and snakes, are the largest group of reptiles and second-largest order of vertebrates, spanning a vast array of appendicular skeletal morphology. As such, they provide a promising system for examining developmental and molecular processes underlying limb morphol...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Melville J,Hunjan S,McLean F,Mantziou G,Boysen K,Parry LJ

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aberrant tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling is a hallmark of many inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), irritable bowel disease and lupus. Maladaptive TNF signalling can lead to hyper active downstream nuclear factor (NF)-κβ signalling in turn amplifying a cell's inflammatory response and exa...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Totzke J,Scarneo SA,Yang KW,Haystead TAJ

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During mouse preimplantation embryo development, the classically described second cell-fate decision involves the specification and segregation, in blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM), of primitive endoderm (PrE) from pluripotent epiblast (EPI). The active role of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signalling during PrE diff...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Thamodaran V,Bruce AW

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved energy sensor, has a crucial role in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, as well as in cancer and metabolic disorders. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that AMPK activation enhances paracellular junctions, ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Sun X,Zhu MJ

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin B₁₂-dependent enzymes function in core biochemical pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an obligate pathogen whose metabolism in vivo is poorly understood. Although M. tuberculosis can access vitamin B₁₂ in vitro, it is uncertain whether the organism is able to scavenge B₁₂ during host infection. This quest...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Gopinath K,Venclovas C,Ioerger TR,Sacchettini JC,McKinney JD,Mizrahi V,Warner DF

更新日期：2013-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitination is a versatile post-translational modification that regulates a multitude of cellular processes. Its versatility is based on the ability of ubiquitin to form multiple types of polyubiquitin chains, which are recognized by specific ubiquitin receptors to induce the required cellular response. Linear ubiq...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Rittinger K,Ikeda F

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins adopt defined structures and are crucial to most cellular functions. Their misfolding and aggregation is associated with numerous degenerative human disorders such as type II diabetes, Huntington's or Alzheimer's diseases. Here, we aim to understand why cells promote the formation of protein foci. Comparison ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Sanchez de Groot N,Gomes RA,Villar-Pique A,Babu MM,Coelho AV,Ventura S

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) reverse the ubiquitylation of target proteins, thereby regulating diverse cellular functions. In contrast to the plethora of research being conducted on the ability of DUBs to counter the degradation of cellular proteins or auto-ubiquitylated E3 ligases, very little is known about the m...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Haq S,Ramakrishna S

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in aggregates called Lewy bodies. Several mutated genes have been found in familial PD patients, including SNCA (α-synuclein), PARK2 (parkin), PINK...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Im E,Yoo L,Hyun M,Shin WH,Chung KC

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer is considered a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells and is propelled by somatic mutations. Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) family of enzymes are endogenous sources of somatic mutations found in multiple human cancers. Wh...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Granadillo Rodríguez M,Flath B,Chelico L

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer cells undergo many different alterations during their transformation, including genetic and epigenetic events. The controlled division of healthy cells can be impaired through the downregulation of tumour suppressor genes. Here, we provide an update of the mechanisms in which epigenetically altered coding and n...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Llinàs-Arias P,Esteller M

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gating of AMPA- and kainate-selective ionotropic glutamate receptors can be defined in terms of ligand affinity, efficacy and the rate and extent of desensitization. Crucial insights into all three elements have come from structural studies of the ligand-binding domain (LBD). In particular, binding-cleft closure is as...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Nayeem N,Mayans O,Green T

更新日期：2013-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years pleiotropy, the phenomenon of one genetic locus influencing several traits, has become a widely researched field in human genetics. With the increasing availability of genome-wide association study summary statistics, as well as the establishment of deeply phenotyped sample collections, it is now possi...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Hackinger S,Zeggini E

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genus Caulobacter is found in a variety of habitats and is known for its ability to thrive in low-nutrient conditions. K31 is a novel Caulobacter isolate that has the ability to tolerate copper and chlorophenols, and can grow at 4 ° C with a doubling time of 40 h. K31 contains a 5.5 Mb chromosome that codes for mo...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Ash K,Brown T,Watford T,Scott LE,Stephens C,Ely B

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteocytes secrete the glycoprotein sclerostin to inhibit bone formation by osteoblasts, but how sclerostin production is regulated in osteocytes remains unclear. Here, we show that tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) in osteocytes promotes sclerostin secretion through inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin com...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Liu W,Wang Z,Yang J,Wang Y,Li K,Huang B,Yan B,Wang T,Li M,Zou Z,Yang J,Xiao G,Cui ZK,Liu A,Bai X

更新日期：2019-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Skeletal vasculature plays a central role in the maintenance of microenvironments for osteogenesis and haematopoiesis. In addition to supplying oxygen and nutrients, vasculature provides a number of inductive factors termed as angiocrine signals. Blood vessels drive recruitment of osteoblast precursors and bone format...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Sivan U,De Angelis J,Kusumbe AP

更新日期：2019-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:AKTIP is a shelterin-interacting protein required for replication of telomeric DNA. Here, we show that AKTIP biochemically interacts with A- and B-type lamins and affects lamin A, but not lamin C or B, expression. In interphase cells, AKTIP localizes at the nuclear rim and in discrete regions of the nucleoplasm just l...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Burla R,Carcuro M,Torre ML,Fratini F,Crescenzi M,D'Apice MR,Spitalieri P,Raffa GD,Astrologo L,Lattanzi G,Cundari E,Raimondo D,Biroccio A,Gatti M,Saggio I

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We here address the question of whether there is any correlation between subjective preference for simple configurations within a specific visual domain such as motion and strength of activity in visual areas in which that domain is emphasized. We prepared several distinctive patterns of dots in motion with various ch...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Zeki S,Stutters J

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic material can be transmitted not only vertically from parent to offspring, but also laterally (horizontally) from one bacterial lineage to another. Lateral genetic transfer is non-uniform; biases in its nature or frequency construct communities of genetic exchange. These biases have been proposed to arise from ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Skippington E,Ragan MA

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF) is an important neuropeptide in the brain circadian network of Drosophila and other insects, but its role in bees in which the circadian clock influences complex behaviour is not well understood. We combined high-resolution neuroanatomical characterizations, quantification of PDF levels...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Beer K,Kolbe E,Kahana NB,Yayon N,Weiss R,Menegazzi P,Bloch G,Helfrich-Förster C

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myzozoans (which include dinoflagellates, chromerids and apicomplexans) display notable divergence from their ciliate sister group, including a reduced mitochondrial genome and divergent metabolic processes. The factors contributing to these divergent processes are still poorly understood and could serve as potential ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Klug D,Mair GR,Frischknecht F,Douglas RG

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic regions with repeated sequences are unstable and prone to rapid DNA diversification. However, the role of tandem repeats within the coding region is not fully characterized. Here, we have identified a new hypervariable C-type lectin gene family with different numbers of tandem repeats (Rlecs; R means repeat) i...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Huang Y,Huang X,Zhou X,Wang J,Zhang R,Ma F,Wang K,Zhang Z,Dai X,Cao X,Zhang C,Han K,Ren Q

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) leads to an aberrant function of the enzyme, leading to the production of hydroxyglutarate, as well as changes in cellular metabolism, DNA methylation and histone modification. Previous studies uncovered mutations in IDH1 in several malignancies, with the most frequent mutati...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Yan B,Hu Y,Ma T,Wang Y

更新日期：2018-10-10 00:00:00